Quality comparison of mediastinal lymph node dissection between video-assisted thoracic surgery and open thoracotomy: a supplementary analysis of the phase 3 Japan Clinical Oncology Group 1413 trial†.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the quality of mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) during lobectomy for clinical stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy, using data from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 1413 phase 3, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods: This analysis draws information from JCOG1413, comparing the efficacy of lobe-specific versus systematic LND with standardized LND protocols. A total of 1685 patients were included in this exploratory analysis (1251 VATSs and 434 open thoracotomies).

Impact of TP53 Co-Mutation on Clinicopathological Features, Prognosis, Recurrence Patterns, and the Efficacy of EGFR-TKI Treatment After Recurrence in Resected Early-Stage EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. Although TP53 co-mutation is associated with poor responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in advanced EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma, its impact in resected early-stage lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of TP53 co-mutation on clinicopathological features, prognosis, and recurrence patterns in resected early-stage EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

Comparative validation of nodal classifications in resected non-small cell lung cancer based on the anatomical location and number of involved stations.

Introduction: Nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important for treatment decision-making. Comparative validation of various classifications based on anatomical location and station count, alone or in combination, remains lacking.

Methods: We analyzed 1,601 patients with pathological stage I-III disease undergoing complete resection between 2002 and 2019.

Localization of epidermal growth factor receptor-mutations using PNA:DNA probes in clinical specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Quickly identifying driver gene mutations in solid cancers is important. However, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based mutation detection methods are time-consuming and expensive. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe-based mutant mRNA detection systems are quick and inexpensive.

Surgical resection following chemoradiotherapy for thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor: a report of two cases.

Background: Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a high-grade malignant neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Most cases of SMARCA4-UT have extensive chest wall and mediastinum involvement. The efficacy of surgical resection has not been clearly established.

Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Recurrence in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are the most common targetable gene alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In Japan, approximately 40% of patients who undergo surgical resection for non-squamous NSCLC have EGFR mutations. However, no long-term studies have been conducted including a large number of EGFR-positive NSCLC patients with postoperative recurrence (PR).

Updated review of perioperative treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer in the new era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: past, present, and future.

The perioperative treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should control both local and microscopic systemic disease, because the survival of patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection alone has been dismal except in stage IA patients. One way to improve surgical outcome is the administration of chemotherapy before or after the surgical procedure. During the last two decades, many clinical studies have focused on developing optimal adjuvant or neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens that can be combined with surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy.

Four cancer cases with pathological germline variant RAD51D c.270_271dup.

Pathological germline variants (PGVs) of RAD51D increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. In East Asia, c.270_271dup is the most frequently detected PGV of RAD51D; however, only a few cases have been reported in Japan.

Association between recovery from desaturation after stair climbing and postoperative complications in lung resection.

Objective: The stair-climbing test (SCT) is used as a surrogate for cardiopulmonary exercise testing, which measures maximal oxygen uptake, and considered a useful method for assessing exercise capacity in thoracic surgery. This study aims to investigate whether the recovery time of percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO) after stair climbing is a predictor of postoperative complications after lobectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 54 patients who performed SCT and underwent lobectomy between January 2015 and February 2023 at Shizuoka Cancer Center.

Prediction of Pleural Lavage Cytology According to Thin-Section Computed Tomography in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Although the positive rate of preresection pleural lavage cytology (PLC) is low, it is an important indicator of poor prognosis for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with frequent pleural dissemination (PD) recurrence. Thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) can reveal relationships between a primary tumor and the pleura at 1 to 2 mm intervals, and this is associated with visceral pleural invasion (VPI). However, its association with PLC remains unclear.

Brain Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Disease-Free Survival of 5 years: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Background: In the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a disease-free survival of 5 years is a criterion for cure. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC after a disease-free survival of 5 years (late recurrent brain metastasis [LRBM]).

Methods: We reviewed 1281 consecutive patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer at a single institute between November 2014 and December 2022.

Long term outcomes beyond 5 years after pulmonary resection for non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: We investigated the incidence of late recurrence beyond 5 years after pulmonary resection and aimed to identify candidates for long-term surveillance.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 978 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 2002 and 2015 and survived without recurrence for 5 years. Clinicopathological factors associated with recurrence-free survival beyond 5 years after surgery were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Risk factors for loss of pulmonary function after wedge resection for peripheral ground-glass opacity dominant lung cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for pulmonary functional deterioration after wedge resection for early-stage lung cancer with ground-glass opacity, which remain unclear, particularly in low-risk patients.

Methods: We analysed 237 patients who underwent wedge resection for peripheral early-stage lung cancer in JCOG0804/WJOG4507L, a phase III, single-arm confirmatory trial. The changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s were calculated pre- and postoperatively, and a cutoff value of -10%, the previously reported reduction rate after lobectomy, was used to divide the patients into 2 groups: the severely reduced group (≤-10%) and normal group (>-10%).

Prognostic significance of tumor microenvironment assessed by machine learning algorithm in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: A methodology to assess the immune microenvironment (IME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been established, and the prognostic impact of IME factors is not yet clear.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the IME factors and evaluate their prognostic values.

Methods And Results: We assessed CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3 ) TIL density, and programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) using a machine-learning algorithm in whole-slide imaging (WSI).

Pyruvate kinase deficiency mutant gene carriage in stray cats and rescued cats from animal hoarding in Hokkaido, Japan.

The mutant allele frequency of the Pyruvate kinase (PK) gene has been investigated mostly in pure breed cats. We investigated the PK mutant gene in stray and animal hoarding mongrel cats in Hokkaido, Japan. We also investigated the kinship of individuals carrying the mutant gene.

Diagnostic sensitivity of solid volume measurement for pathological invasion in non-solid lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: In the current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, the clinical T descriptor is defined by solid size (SS) on a computed tomography (CT) slice and the pathological one is done by invasive size (IS) in microscopic evaluations. We sometimes experience discrepancies in diagnosis of both descriptors. A volume analyzing application enables semi-automatic measurement of three-dimensional (3D) parameters in cases where there are discrepancies in diagnosing tumors' solid size and IS.

Intraoperative rapid diagnosis of pleural lavage cytology in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: Positive pleural lavage cytology (PLC +) is a poor prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, data on the impact of intraoperative rapid diagnosis of PLC (rPLC) are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of rPLC before resection during surgery.

Comparison of perioperative serum osteocrin concentrations between surgical techniques in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a common orthopedic disease in dogs that is usually managed with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or extracapsular lateral suture (ECLS). Osteotomy is generally associated with some complications, including nonunion. The periosteum plays an important role in bone growth and remodeling.

Pulmonary Vein Stump Thrombosis and Cerebral Infarction after Left Upper Lobectomy.

Background: Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis may occur after left upper lobectomy (LUL) and is a potential risk factor for cerebral infarction. However, there are few reports on the role of pulmonary vein stump thrombosis in the development of cerebral infarction. We aimed to clarify the correlation between pulmonary vein stump thrombosis and cerebral infarction following LUL.

Survival outcome of upfront surgery for clinical single-station N2 non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Pathological N2 (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is diverse; its treatment depends on the clinical N (cN) status. We aimed to determine the efficacy of upfront surgery for cN2pN2 NSCLC.

Methods: The study included 43 cN2pN2 NSCLC patients who underwent upfront surgery at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between 2002 and 2017.