Clinical outcomes and complications associated with surgical resection of chest wall sarcoma.

Introduction: Chest wall sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors arising from soft tissue, cartilage and bones. Wide resection is usually the treatment option but often results in postoperative complications after resection of the chest wall. In this study, we reviewed cases of chest wall sarcoma treated with resection of the sternum or ribs and examined the factors that could cause complications.

Prediction recurrence in stage I epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer using multi-modal data.

Introduction: Integrated recurrence prediction models that combine clinical, imaging, and genetic data are lacking for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We developed a recurrence prediction model for Stage I EGFR-mutated NSCLC by integrating clinical, radiological, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data.

Methods: A total of 306 patients with Stage I EGFR-mutated NSCLC were stratified into training (n = 206) and validation (n = 100) cohorts using stratified random sampling.

Flat Cell Variant of Lung Adenocarcinoma In Situ.

Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the lungs has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide following the establishment of its diagnostic criteria along with advances in computed tomography (CT) imaging technology. We encountered a series of AIS with a peculiar flat cell morphology that were challenging to diagnose using the current diagnostic criteria. Histologically, all five tumors showed a lepidic pattern consisting of flat tumor cells with minimal nuclear atypia.

Development of Motion Detection Algorithm Using 3d Sensors for Patient Monitoring Support Service System.

With the aging of the overall patient population, the incidence of patients developing delirium during hospitalization is increasing. This study aims to improve post-operative safety management and reduce the workload of nurses related to patient care. We have developed a monitoring system that uses 3D sensors to detect specific behaviors and motions that require attention in cases where patients exhibit abnormal behaviors, such as falls and self-removal of IV lines, and trigger alerts.

Impact of multidisciplinary team intervention on long-term survival in distant metastatic colorectal cancer: Single-centre propensity score analyses.

Aim: Multidisciplinary team (MDT) intervention is generally recommended in patients with distant metastatic colorectal cancer (DMCRC). However, it is not clear whether MDT intervention has a favourable impact on prognosis. We investigated the impact of MDT intervention on improving long-term prognosis in DMCRC.

Dynamic nature of hepatic differentiation in lung adenocarcinoma.

Aims: Hepatic differentiation in lung adenocarcinomas, including hepatoid adenocarcinomas, is rare. We encountered a case of lung adenocarcinoma with distinct cytoplasmic TTF-1 expression, which is characteristic of neoplastic and non-neoplastic hepatocytes, and confirmed positivity for hepatic markers, including hepatocyte paraffin 1 (HepPar1) and glypican-3. This prompted a retrospective analysis of hepatic differentiation in lung adenocarcinoma.

EML4-ALK Rearrangement Creates a Distinctive Myeloid Cell-Dominant Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Lung Cancer.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are initially efficacious against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene-positive lung adenocarcinoma, but acquired resistance inevitably occurs. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are needed for tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant cases. Although the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has improved the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, patients with ALK+ lung adenocarcinoma exhibit little or no response to immunotherapy and the underlying resistance mechanisms remain unknown.

Quality comparison of mediastinal lymph node dissection between video-assisted thoracic surgery and open thoracotomy: a supplementary analysis of the phase 3 Japan Clinical Oncology Group 1413 trial†.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the quality of mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) during lobectomy for clinical stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy, using data from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 1413 phase 3, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods: This analysis draws information from JCOG1413, comparing the efficacy of lobe-specific versus systematic LND with standardized LND protocols. A total of 1685 patients were included in this exploratory analysis (1251 VATSs and 434 open thoracotomies).

A multi-institutional randomized phase III trial of lobectomy versus segmentectomy for radiologically solid-predominant non-small cell lung cancer with a ground-glass opacity and tumor diameter > 2 cm and ≤ 3 cm: JCOG2217 (STRONG).

Lobectomy has been the standard surgical procedure for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since the results of a randomized trial in 1995. However, recent phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of segmentectomy for small NSCLC. Segmentectomy has become one of the standard treatments for peripheral lung cancers with a tumor diameter of ≤2 cm and further expansion of the indication for segmentectomy is considered.

Genomic Profiles of Pathogenic and Moderate-Penetrance Germline Variants Associated With Risk of Early-Onset Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Up to 54% of all lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) cases in Asian populations occur in never-smoking women, suggesting that the impact of smoking and other environmental factors on the risk of early-onset LADC is minimal. Genetic factors may play a crucial role in disease development.

Methods: The prevalence of germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) of 454 hereditary cancer and DNA repair genes was evaluated by whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of 348 early-onset LADC (aged ≤ 40 y) and 1425 later-onset LADC (aged ≥ 41 y) cases.

Longitudinal assessment of functional independence of older adults after lung cancer surgery: Final results of the JCOG1710A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: We previously reported the results of a prospective observational study evaluating activities of daily living (ADL) at six months after curative surgical resection in patients aged ≥75 years with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this manuscript, we report the 24-month longitudinal ADL outcomes in this population, providing important data to support treatment decision-making and to identify risk factors for long-term functional decline.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective, multi-institutional observational cohort study conducted in Japan.

Prognosis of adenocarcinoma with innumerable pure ground-glass nodules and/or part-solid nodules.

Objectives: Although many studies have examined lung adenocarcinoma with multiple additional lesions with ground-glass opacity on high-resolution computed tomography including pure ground-glass nodules and part-solid nodules, no study has yet investigated patients who had resected adenocarcinoma with lesions of pure ground-glass nodule and/or part-solid nodule that were so numerous that it was impossible to resect all of them.

Methods: Among 5076 patients with resected adenocarcinoma, 877 (17.3%) had additional lesions of pure ground-glass nodule and/or part-solid nodule.

Implications of EGFR expression on EGFR signaling dependency and adaptive immunity against EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: In EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (EGFRm LUAD), EGFR mutations do not necessarily result in increased EGFR expression (EGFR-exp), which differs among patients. However, the factors influencing EGFR-exp and the impact of EGFR-exp on tumor characteristics in patients with EGFRm LUAD remain unclear.

Patients And Methods: Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were performed for patients with early- and advanced-stage EGFRm LUAD.

Survival benefit and potential markers of chemotherapy for elderly and poor performance status patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Results from the Japanese Joint Committee of lung cancer registry database.

Introduction: Data on chemotherapy for elderly, poor performance status (PS) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are clinically important but insufficient due to their exclusion from most interventional studies. This study aims to explore actual treatment status and prognosis, as well as factors predicting patients who may benefit from chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Advanced NSCLC patients aged ≥75 years with PS 2-3 and no/unknown driver mutations were included.

En bloc upper and lower lobe bisegmentectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer invading the fissure.

Background: The optimal surgical procedure for tumors extending deep into the lung parenchyma of the opposite lobe beyond the fissure remains controversial. The current study aimed to examine whether en bloc upper and lower lobe bisegmentectomy can be an option for such tumors.

Methods: This study included patients who underwent surgery for cN0 non-small-cell lung cancer invading the adjacent lobe beyond the fissure between the upper and lower lobes.

Schlafen 11 Expression in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Schlafen 11 (SLFN-11) has been identified as a sensitizer of tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. However, the relationship between SLFN-11 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unexplored. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SLFN-11 expression on survival in patients with limited-stage (LS) SCLC.

Prognostic Indicator for Pleural Mesothelioma.

Background: In malignant pleural mesothelioma), it is difficult to evaluate the degree of tumor progression using imaging findings. It is essential to develop an objective index that is independent of imaging findings and useful for assessing the degree of tumor progression and indications for surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of 79 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication at our institution between 1999 and 2022.

WEE1 confers resistance to KRAS inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.

KRAS inhibitors sotorasib and adagrasib have been approved for the treatment of KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of single-agent treatments is limited, presumably due to multiple resistance mechanisms. To overcome these therapeutic limitations, combination strategies that potentiate the antitumor efficacy of KRAS inhibitors must be developed.

Predictors of nodal upstaging in clinical N1 nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Background: Surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is currently the first choice for the treatment of clinical N1 (cN1) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, diagnosing cN1 correctly can be difficult, even with current imaging diagnostic technologies. We aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative nodal status and the predictive factors for nodal upstaging of cN1-NSCLC.

Protocol summary of a randomized phase III study: comparing systemic therapy with and without debulking surgery (primary tumour resection) for clinical stage IVA (cT1-2bN0-1M1a) non-small cell lung cancer with radiologically undetermined pleural dissemination JCOG2103 (DEBULK-LUNG).

In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who present with radiologically undetermined malignant pleural dissemination or incidental surgical diagnosis of the same, surgery is generally not the preferred option; systemic therapy is favoured. However, there is no consensus on incorporating primary site resection into the treatment plan. Retrospective analyses hint at potential benefits of combining systemic therapy with primary site resection, but prospective studies have yet to confirm these findings.