Force-activated separation devices: a preventive strategy for intravenous line disconnection in canine patients.

Intravenous catheters are essential for administering medications and fluid therapy; however, complications such as line disconnection can occur, potentially leading to the discontinuation or delay of treatments. A force-activated separation device (FASD) can be installed between line components to help prevent these complications. Since the FASD has rarely been explored in veterinary settings, a survey of clinicians and clinical applications was conducted to evaluate the necessity, effectiveness, and considerations of this device.

Enhanced apigenin yield from parsley via synergistic subcritical-water extraction with pulsed electric field and intense pulsed light pretreatments.

Unlabelled: Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a nontoxic, environmentally friendly, and rapid extraction method. This experiment aimed to maximize the apigenin content in parsley extracts using pulsed electric field (PEF) and intense pulsed light (IPL) pretreatment prior to SWE (200 °C for 10 min). The highest apigenin content was 21.

Clinical evaluation and surgical intervention for diaphragmatic eventration mimicking peritoneopericardial hernia in a cat.

A 2-year-old spayed female British Shorthair cat presented with an increased frequency and duration of cough since infant period. Based on radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomography findings, peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was considered so that repair surgery was planned. During celiotomy, lax diaphragm was identified instead of defect.

Enhanced extraction of bioactive compounds from propolis (Apis mellifera L.) using subcritical water.

The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of propolis extracts were investigated using subcritical water extraction (SWE). SWE was performed by varying temperature (110-200 °C) and time (10-30 min). SWE using only water as solvent successfully to extracted bioactive compounds from propolis using high-purity glass thimbles.

Impact of metformin on statin-associated myopathy risks in dyslipidemia patients.

A growing number of patients with metabolic disorders are receiving statin and antidiabetic therapies as comedications. A signal of increased risk of myotoxicity due to potential interactions between antidiabetics and statins has been detected in previous studies. To investigate the effects of metformin on myopathy risks when added to preexisting statin therapy in dyslipidemia patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study using the Korean national health insurance data in statin-treated dyslipidemia patients with or without concomitant metformin use.

Thermal conversion kinetics and solubility of soy isoflavones in subcritical water extraction.

The conversion of isoflavones during subcritical water extraction were studied using first-order reaction kinetics modeling. Isoflavones were extracted from soybean using temperatures from 100℃ to 180℃ for 3 to 30 min. It was found that malonylgenistin was the most thermally unstable, with little being detected above 100℃.

Clinical effect and safety of thread embedding acupuncture on facial nerve palsy sequelae: A retrospective observational study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect and safety of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) in patients with facial nerve palsy sequelae. This was a retrospective observational study on 82 patients treated with TEA from January 2021 to May 2022. The Facial Disability Index (FDI) reported by patients and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System scores assessed by clinical practitioners were used to evaluate the intensity of facial movements, functional problems, and psychosocial status.

Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta and External Iliac Arteries Using Three-Dimensional Time-of-Flight, Three Dimensional Electrocardiograph-Gated Fast Spin-Echo, and Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Clinically Healthy Cats.

Arterial thromboembolism is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in cats. Definitive diagnosis requires advanced imaging modalities, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). However, CTA involves exposure to a large amount of ionized radiation, and CE-MRA can cause systemic nephrogenic fibrosis.

In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Thermometry for Brain and Body Temperature Variations in Canines under General Anesthesia.

The core body temperature tends to decrease under general anesthesia. Consequently, monitoring the core body temperature during procedures involving general anesthesia is essential to ensure patient safety. In veterinary medicine, rectal temperature is used as an indicator of the core body temperature, owing to the accuracy and convenience of this approach.

Extraction characteristics and hydrolysis of flavoring compounds of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) under subcritical-water conditions.

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) of four flavoring compounds from cinnamon was performed at various temperatures and for various extraction times. The extraction temperature (°C) and time (min) corresponding to the maximum content of flavoring compounds were 190 °C and 5 min for cinnamyl alcohol, 200 °C and 20 min for cinnamic acid, 130 °C and 10 min for cinnamaldehyde, and 170 °C and 20 min for coumarin, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde underwent structural conversion to benzaldehyde via hydrolysis at high temperatures, and the rate of conversion rapidly increased above 150 °C.

Application of Pulsed Electric Field as a Pre-Treatment for Subcritical Water Extraction of Quercetin from Onion Skin.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment promotes the electroporation of biological membranes, and if included as a pre-treatment, could improve the extraction of certain constituents therefrom. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for extracting the flavonoid quercetin from dried onion skin and to establish whether the yield could be enhanced by combining PEF pre-treatment with an eco-friendly extraction method that uses subcritical water extraction (SWE). Samples of onion skin were treated with PEF under conditions of varying electric field strength (0.

Selective extraction of oxygenated terpene in caraway (Carum carvi L.) using subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique.

Caraway contains terpenes such as carvone, limonene and carveol, that have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) can be used to extract terpenes by changing temperature under high pressure. This study evaluated the SWE of terpenes from caraway when varying the extraction conditions of temperature (110 °C-190 °C), time (5-15 min), and particle size (>1000, 850-1000, 425-850, and < 425 μm).

Thermal decomposition and oxidation of β-caryophyllene in black pepper during subcritical water extraction.

Subcritical water extraction is an efficient technique for extracting components from various plants by changing the polarity of water. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene with the highest content found among black pepper essential oils. In this study, the efficiency of extraction and yield of β-caryophyllene from black pepper were investigated using a subcritical water extraction technique.

Anthocyanin Structure and pH Dependent Extraction Characteristics from Blueberries () and Chokeberries () in Subcritical Water State.

This study determines the optimal extraction conditions for the subcritical-water extraction (SWE) of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries and compares the performance using conventional extraction methods. SWE is carried out under different conditions of extraction temperature (110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C), extraction time (1, 3, 5, and 10 min), and solvent pH (water and 1% citric acid). The solubility and stability of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries influences the optimal condition for SWE.

Recovery of hesperidin and narirutin from waste peel using subcritical water extraction aided by pulsed electric field treatment.

The objective of this study was to identify whether the efficacy of extracting hesperidin and narirutin from peel by-products can be increased by combining pulsed electric field (PEF) and subcritical water extraction (SWE). The samples were treated with a PEF at a strength of 3 kV/cm for 60 and 120 s. Subsequent SWE was conducted at extraction temperatures of 110-190 °C for 3-15 min.

Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae).

Subcritical-water extraction is an ecofriendly method for extracting antioxidant compounds only using water. The Subcritical-water extraction was employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus known as rock pine by investigating the use of various temperatures (110-260 °C) and extraction times (5-20 min). The Subcritical-water extraction condition at 220 °C for 15 min; the total phenolics content (39.

Pilot-scale subcritical-water extraction of nodakenin and decursin from Nakai.

Active components were extracted from Nakai by subcritical-water extraction (SWE) with the purpose of determining how the extraction conditions affect the SWE of antioxidant properties and active components (nodakenin and decursin), and to compare pilot-scale SWE (8 L) and conventional extraction methods. The extraction yields of nodakenin and decursin in the pilot-scale system were highest at 150 °C for 10 min and 190 °C for 15 min, respectively. The extraction yield of decursin increased as the stirring speed was increased to 200-250 rpm.

Hydrolysis of beta-glucan in oat flour during subcritical-water extraction.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) β-glucan is bound tightly to other components of the endosperm cell wall, which means that β-glucan extraction processes are complex and involve many different stages. Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) has emerged as a promising method for extracting β-glucan under high temperature and pressure conditions.

Conversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) pulp and peel during subcritical water extraction.

Subcritical water extraction is an eco-friendly method for the extraction of less polar compounds without the use of organic solvents. This study determined the extraction conditions that maximize the contents of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol obtained from ginger pulp and peel. The highest yields of 6-gingerol (0.

Extraction characteristics of subcritical water depending on the number of hydroxyl group in flavonols.

This study compared the efficiencies of using subcritical water, hot water, and organic solvents to extract flavonols from black tea, celery, and ginseng leaf. The effect of key operating conditions was determined by varying the temperature (110-200°C), extraction time (5-15min), and pressure (about 10MPa) and the extracts were analysed quantitatively using HPLC. The yields of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol from plants were maximal at extraction temperatures of 170°C, 170°C and 200°C, respectively, and they depend on the number of hydroxyl groups included in the chemical structure of the flavonols, with more of those with fewer hydroxyl (OH) groups attached being extracted at higher temperatures.

Optimization of subcritical water extraction of flavanols from green tea leaves.

The subcritical-water extraction (SWE) of six kinds of flavanols from green tea leaves and the effect of extraction conditions were investigated by varying the temperature and time. The maximum yield of total flavanols, 71.36 ± 4.

Relationship analysis between flavonoids structure and subcritical water extraction (SWE).

Subcritical water (about 10MPa) is an excellent solvent for extracting non-polar flavonoids by varying the temperature-dependent dielectric constant. This study determined the optimum conditions for subcritical water extraction (SWE), such as the time and temperature, for extracting flavonoids from eight plants, and their dependence on the chemical structure of flavonoids (polarity of side chains and the presence of sugar, and double bonds). Flavonoids having an OH side chain (quercetin at 170°C/10min) were optimally extracted at lower temperatures than O-CH3 (isorhamnetin at 190°C/15min) and H (kaempferol at 190°C/15min) side chains.

Assessing risk factors of coronary heart disease and its risk prediction among Korean adults: the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: An in-depth assessment of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in Koreans was conducted to develop effective risk reduction strategies for this population.

Method: Based on 2001 Korea National Health and Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey, this paper presents the prevalence of major CHD risk factors and estimates future risk by applying the Framingham model and CHD risk factor guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP) to 4639 Koreans aged 20 to 79 years.

Result: Our findings indicate that CHD is a major health threat to Koreans.