Photoredox-Catalyzed 1,4-Dichloromethyldimerization of Alkenes with Chloroform: Access to Polychlorinated Vicinal Diaryl Alkanes.

A visible-light-mediated strategy is reported for the direct synthesis of polychlorinated vicinal diaryl alkanes from aryl alkenes and chloroform. In this approach, two haloalkyl radicals generated from chloroform via halogen atom transfer (XAT) and direct single electron transfer (SET) within the same photoredox catalysis cycle enable the 1,4-dichloromethyldimerization of alkenes. Besides chloroform, this strategy is applicable to carbon tetrachloride, bromotrichloromethane, and α-bromo carboxylic esters, yielding corresponding 1,4-disubstituted vicinal diaryl alkanes.

Ground-based simulation of laser link acquisition for inter-satellite laser interferometry.

Laser link acquisition and pointing technique is one of the essential techniques for the inter-satellite laser interferometry for space-based gravitational waves detection and next-generation Earth gravity measurement missions. The first step of building up inter-satellite laser link is using an acquisition camera to capture the inter-satellite laser beam signals within a pre-scanning uncertain cone. Subsequently, high-precision angle measurement technology, namely differential wavefront sensing, is used to achieve a high pointing precision required.

Visible Light-Induced Hydroacylation of Benzylidenemalononitriles with Aroyl Chlorides Using Silane as a Hydrogen Donor.

A novel photoredox-catalyzed direct hydroacylation of benzylidenemalononitriles is described. In this method, aroyl chlorides are employed as a readily available and affordable source of acyl groups, while commercially available tris(trimethylsilyl)silane acts as both the hydrogen atom donor and electron donor. By eliminating the requirement for complex synthesis of acyl precursors and hydrogen atom-transfer (HAT) reagents, this approach offers a convenient and efficient strategy for the hydroacylation of benzylidenemalononitriles.

Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling of α-Ketoesters with Ethers: Access to Sterically Hindered α-Hydroxy Esters.

We describe a photoredox catalysis method for synthesizing sterically hindered α-hydroxy esters from α-ketoesters and ethers through a radical-radical cross-coupling reaction. This approach utilizes commercially available Ir[dF(CF)ppy](dtbbpy)PF as a photocatalyst and inexpensive and readily available BuNBr as a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst. Unactivated tetrahydrofuran and other ethers effectively react with various α-ketoesters to yield the desired products.

Cross-Talk of Toll-Like Receptor 5 and Mu-Opioid Receptor Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Mechanical Hyperalgesia through a Protein Kinase C Alpha-Dependent Signaling.

Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, are reported as potential modulators for neuropathic pain; however, the desired mechanism is still unexplained. Here, we operated on the sciatic nerve to establish a pre-clinical rodent model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Sprague-Dawley rats, which were assigned into CCI and Decompression groups randomly. In Decompression group, the rats were performed with nerve decompression at post-operative week 4.

Prediction of metallic nano-optical trapping forces by finite element-boundary integral method.

The hybrid of finite element and boundary integral (FE-BI) method is employed to predict nano-optical trapping forces of arbitrarily shaped metallic nanostructures. A preconditioning strategy is proposed to improve the convergence of the iterative solution. Skeletonization is employed to speed up the design and optimization where iteration has to be repeated for each beam configuration.