Vanadate reduction by gram-positive fermentative bacteria isolated from deep-sea sediments on the northern Central Indian Ridge.

The oxidation states of vanadium determine its mobility and toxicity, and dissimilatory vanadate reduction has been reported in several microorganisms, highlighting the potential significance of this pathway in the remediation of vanadium contamination and the biogeochemical cycle. However, to date, most known microorganisms capable of reducing vanadate are Gram-negative respiratory bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. In this study, we isolated Tepidibacter mesophilus strain VROV1 from deep-sea sediments on the northern Central Indian Ridge and investigated its ability to reduce vanadium and the impact of vanadate on its cellular metabolism.

Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris.

Microbial sulfate reduction is central to the global carbon cycle and the redox evolution of Earth's surface. Tracking the activity of sulfate reducing microorganisms over space and time relies on a nuanced understanding of stable sulfur isotope fractionation in the context of the biochemical machinery of the metabolism. Here, we link the magnitude of stable sulfur isotopic fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles under different cellular energetic regimes.

A Simple Bacteremia Score for Predicting Bacteremia in Patients with Suspected Infection in the Emergency Department: A Cohort Study.

Bacteremia is a life-threatening condition that has increased in prevalence over the past two decades. Prompt recognition of bacteremia is important; however, identification of bacteremia requires 1 to 2 days. This retrospective cohort study, conducted from 10 November 2014 to November 2019, among patients with suspected infection who visited the emergency department (ED), aimed to develop and validate a simple tool for predicting bacteremia.

Sulfur isotope-based source apportionment and control mechanisms of PM sulfate in Seoul, South Korea during winter and early spring (2017-2020).

High level of particulate matter (PM) concentrations are a major environmental concern in Seoul, South Korea, especially during winter and early spring. Sulfate is a major component of PM and induces severe environmental pollution, such as acid precipitation. Previous studies have used numerical models to constrain the relative contributions of domestic and trans-boundary sources to PM sulfate concentration in South Korea.

What Controls the Sulfur Isotope Fractionation during Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction?

Sulfate often behaves conservatively in the oxygenated environments but serves as an electron acceptor for microbial respiration in a wide range of natural and engineered systems where oxygen is depleted. As a ubiquitous anaerobic dissimilatory pathway, therefore, microbial reduction of sulfate to sulfide has been of continuing interest in the field of microbiology, ecology, biochemistry, and geochemistry. Stable isotopes of sulfur are an effective tool for tracking this catabolic process as microorganisms discriminate strongly against heavy isotopes when cleaving the sulfur-oxygen bond.

A Cristae-Like Microcompartment in .

Some contain intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs) and proteins homologous to those responsible for the mitochondrial cristae, an observation which has given rise to the hypothesis that the endosymbiont had already evolved cristae-like structures and functions. However, our knowledge of microbial fine structure is still limited, leaving open the possibility of structurally homologous ICMs outside the . Here, we report on the detailed characterization of lamellar cristae-like ICMs in environmental sulfate-reducing that form syntrophic partnerships with anaerobic methane-oxidizing (ANME) archaea.

Extracorporeal Life-support for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Multicenter Study.

Background: Despite potential clinical roles of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared to that of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), use of ECLS for OHCA is not strongly endorsed by current clinical guidelines.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical roles of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) compared with that of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

Methods: The outcomes of OHCA between 2015 and 2020, enrolled in the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC), a multicenter OHCA patient registry including 65 participating hospitals throughout the Republic of Korea (ClinicalTrials.

Cardiac troponin I and the risk of cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular death in patients visiting the emergency department.

The prognostic implication of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) values for the determination of the magnitude or duration of cause-specific death risk is limited. We included consecutive patients with maximal cTnI values within 24 h of their emergency department visits. Multivariate analyses using variables selected by the Bayesian information criterion were performed to investigate the impact of cTnI on the event rate, time-dependent risk, and dose-dependent risk of cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular death within 360 days.

Physiological, genomic, and sulfur isotopic characterization of methanol metabolism by Desulfovibrio carbinolicus.

Methanol is often considered as a non-competitive substrate for methanogenic archaea, but an increasing number of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) have been reported to be capable of respiring with methanol as an electron donor. A better understanding of the fate of methanol in natural or artificial anaerobic systems thus requires knowledge of the methanol dissimilation by SRMs. In this study, we describe the growth kinetics and sulfur isotope effects of Desulfovibrio carbinolicus, a methanol-oxidizing sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacterium, together with its genome sequence and annotation.

Role of APS reductase in biogeochemical sulfur isotope fractionation.

Sulfur isotope fractionation resulting from microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) provides some of the earliest evidence of life, and secular variations in fractionation values reflect changes in biogeochemical cycles. Here we determine the sulfur isotope effect of the enzyme adenosine phosphosulfate reductase (Apr), which is present in all known organisms conducting MSR and catalyzes the first reductive step in the pathway and reinterpret the sedimentary sulfur isotope record over geological time. Small fractionations may be attributed to low sulfate concentrations and/or high respiration rates, whereas fractionations greater than that of Apr require a low chemical potential at that metabolic step.

Fractionation of sulfur isotopes by Desulfovibrio vulgaris mutants lacking hydrogenases or type I tetraheme cytochrome c 3.

The sulfur isotope effect produced by sulfate reducing microbes is commonly used to trace biogeochemical cycles of sulfur and carbon in aquatic and sedimentary environments. To test the contribution of intracellular coupling between carbon and sulfur metabolisms to the overall magnitude of the sulfur isotope effect, this study compared sulfur isotope fractionations by mutants of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. We tested mutant strains lacking one or two periplasmic (Hyd, Hyn-1, Hyn-2, and Hys) or cytoplasmic hydrogenases (Ech and CooL), and a mutant lacking type I tetraheme cytochrome (TpI-c 3).

Effects of iron and nitrogen limitation on sulfur isotope fractionation during microbial sulfate reduction.

Sulfate-reducing microbes utilize sulfate as an electron acceptor and produce sulfide that is depleted in heavy isotopes of sulfur relative to sulfate. Thus, the distribution of sulfur isotopes in sediments can trace microbial sulfate reduction (MSR), and it also has the potential to reflect the physiology of sulfate-reducing microbes. This study investigates the relationship between the availability of iron and reduced nitrogen and the magnitude of S-isotope fractionation during MSR by a marine sulfate-reducing bacterium, DMSS-1, a Desulfovibrio species, isolated from salt marsh in Cape Cod, MA.

Large sulfur isotope fractionation does not require disproportionation.

The composition of sulfur isotopes in sedimentary sulfides and sulfates traces the sulfur cycle throughout Earth's history. In particular, depletions of sulfur-34 ((34)S) in sulfide relative to sulfate exceeding 47 per mil (‰) often serve as a proxy for the disproportionation of intermediate sulfur species in addition to sulfate reduction. Here, we demonstrate that a pure, actively growing culture of a marine sulfate-reducing bacterium can deplete (34)S by up to 66‰ during sulfate reduction alone and in the absence of an extracellular oxidative sulfur cycle.

Biophysical basis for the geometry of conical stromatolites.

Stromatolites may be Earth's oldest macroscopic fossils; however, it remains controversial what, if any, biological processes are recorded in their morphology. Although the biological interpretation of many stromatolite morphologies is confounded by the influence of sedimentation, conical stromatolites form in the absence of sedimentation and are, therefore, considered to be the most robust records of biophysical processes. A qualitative similarity between conical stromatolites and some modern microbial mats suggests a photosynthetic origin for ancient stromatolites.

Outcome of in-hospital adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation assisted with portable auto-priming percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.

Background: Outcome from in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is still unsatisfactory. CPR assisted with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) is expected to improve the outcome of in-hospital CPR.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 83 consecutive cases of adult in-hospital CPR assisted by a portable pre-assembled auto-priming PCPS system (EBS, Terumo, Japan) from January 2004 to December 2007.

Morphological record of oxygenic photosynthesis in conical stromatolites.

Conical stromatolites are thought to be robust indicators of the presence of photosynthetic and phototactic microbes in aquatic environments as early as 3.5 billion years ago. However, phototaxis alone cannot explain the ubiquity of disrupted, curled, and contorted laminae in the crests of many Mesoproterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, and some Archean conical stromatolites.