Lifetime risk, sex and age differences in annual incidence of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy in Japan for 2019.

Background: We aimed to demonstrate the incidence and subtype proportions of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy (OMCNP) by age group and sex, and to estimate the associated lifetime risks in the Japanese population.

Methods: This nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional cohort study utilized data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, provided by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, covering almost all (≥95%) claims. We identified newly diagnosed OMCNP cases (oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens palsy) between January 1 and December 31, 2019, separated by sex and age category (5-year steps).

Long term efficacy of recession and resection for abducens nerve palsy with targeting overcorrection of 5 prism diopters.

Strabismus surgery is required for some cases with abducens nerve palsy (ANP) without spontaneous resolution; however, whether the surgical corrective effect for ANP is similar to that of concomitant esotropia (ET) remains unclear. This study compared the 1-year surgical outcomes of recession and resection (RR) between patients with ANP (ANP group, 11 patients) and those with concomitant ET (ET group, 33 patients). The target angle of RR for ANP was added by 5 prism diopters (Δ) compared to concomitant ET.

Differences in the corrective effects of vertical transposition accompanied by recession-resection of the horizontal rectus muscles for complicated vertical deviation.

Background/objectives: To investigate whether the corrective effect differs between upward and downward transpositions or between exotropia and esotropia in vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession-resection.

Subjects/methods: This prospective study investigated 41 patients with concomitant exotropia or esotropia with small-angle vertical deviation who underwent unilateral vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession-resection and were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. We analysed the vertical deviation corrective effect, defined as the corrective amount per displacement distance (°/tendon width [TW]).

Mie-Resonant Nanophotonic-Enhancement of Asymmetry in Sodium Chlorate Chiral Crystallization.

Studies on chiral spectroscopy have recently demonstrated strong enhancement of chiral light-matter interaction in the chiral near-field of Mie resonance in high-refractive-index dielectric nanostructures by studies on chiral spectroscopy. This situation has motivated researchers to demonstrate effective chiral photosynthesis under a chiral near-field beyond circularly polarized light (CPL) as a chiral source. However, the effectivity of the chiral near-field of Mie resonance for chiral photosynthesis has not been clearly demonstrated.

Prevalence and Incidence of Strabismus by Age Group in Japan: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and incidence of strabismus in the Japanese population by age group and to estimate the subtype proportions.

Design: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Methods: This study investigated the number of cases with previous and new diagnoses of strabismus by age group between 2009 and 2020 using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, which includes almost all (≥95%) medical claims data.

Influence of Tumor Characteristics on Visual Field Outcomes After Pituitary Adenoma Surgery.

Background: There were few reports about the influence of tumor characteristics on the postoperative visual field outcomes after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. The purpose of this study was to explore the tumor characteristics that influenced perioperative visual field changes.

Methods: Patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery under a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma at the Kyoto University Hospital between April 2012 and December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled.

Choriocapillaris flow deficit in a pachychoroid spectrum disease using en face optical coherence tomography angiography averaging.

Purpose: To investigate the choriocapillaris changes associated with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) in comparison with healthy eyes.

Methods: Nine 3 × 3 mm macular optical coherence tomography angiography images were acquired in patients with PPE and age-matched healthy participants. Multiple en face image averaging of the choriocapillaris was binarized for quantitative image analysis of the flow voids.

DNA-functionalized colloidal crystals for macromolecular encapsulation.

Novel DNA-based structures with the ability to encapsulate nanoscale molecules, such as proteins, can be applied to a wide range of areas, including reaction fields and micro/nano drug carriers. DNA-functionalized nanoparticle (DNA-NP) colloidal crystals have emerged as a new class of programmable DNA-based structures harboring metal nanoparticles with improved mechanical properties. The encapsulation of guest molecules into empty spaces in lattice structures is theoretically possible.

Characteristics of pachychoroid neovasculopathy.

Recently, several research groups have reported a newly recognized clinical entity of choroidal neovascularization, termed pachychoroid neovasculopathy. However, its characteristics have yet to be well described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of pachychoroid neovasculopathy regardless of treatment modality.

Effect of Crystal Orientation of Cu Current Collectors on Cycling Stability of Li Metal Anodes.

Li metal anodes are plagued by low coulombic efficiency due to their interfacial instability. Many approaches were proposed to cope with this problem; however, little attention has been given to the current collector of Li anodes. In this study, we investigate the crystal orientation dependence of the cycling stability of Li anodes on single-crystal Cu(111), (101), and (001) and polycrystalline Cu current collectors.

Acute kidney injury as an independent predictor of infection and malignancy: the NARA-AKI cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events. However, association between AKI and non-cardiac events such as infection or malignancy is largely unknown.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Associated with and without Pachychoroid Phenotypes.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) associated with and without pachychoroid phenotypes (pachychoroid PCV and nonpachychoroid PCV, respectively).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: Patients previously diagnosed with PCV and initially treated with PDT.

A Prediction Model with Lifestyle in Addition to Previously Known Risk Factors Improves Its Predictive Ability for Cardiovascular Death.

This longitudinal cohort study aimed to create a novel prediction model for cardiovascular death with lifestyle factors. Subjects aged 40-74 years in the Japanese nationwide Specific Health Checkup Database in 2008 were included. Subjects were randomly assigned to the derivation and validation cohorts by a 2:1 ratio.

Author Correction: Higher dialysate calcium concentration is associated with incident myocardial infarction among diabetic patients with low bone turnover: a longitudinal study.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Development of angle-resolved spectroscopy system of electrons emitted from a surface with negative electron affinity state.

We developed an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy system for the analysis of conduction-band electrons. By forming a negative electron affinity surface on a semiconductor surface, electrons in conduction bands are emitted into a vacuum and measured by using an analyzer. This method enables us to determine the energy and momentum of the conduction electrons.

Higher dialysate calcium concentration is associated with incident myocardial infarction among diabetic patients with low bone turnover: a longitudinal study.

This is a longitudinal study on 53,560 hemodialysis patients from the Japan Renal Data Registry. Predictor was D[Ca] ≥3.0 vs 2.

Acute kidney injury in a postpartum woman with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A case report and literature review.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and inflammatory thrombotic state. Intravascular hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) can lead to acute and chronic renal injury through hemoglobin-mediated toxicity. A 32-year-old pregnant woman with myelodysplastic syndrome was admitted to our hospital with severe preeclampsia.

Acute pulmonary thromboembolism occurring during treatment with tolvaptan in a patient with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent cystic kidney disease, with approximately half of the patients reaching end-stage renal disease by the age of 60. Tolvaptan prevents renal cyst growth by inhibiting intracellular cyclic AMP and is recommended for patients with ADPKD. Reports of thrombotic complications with tolvaptan have been limited.

Prognostic Value of Predialysis Indices for Technique Failure and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Technique failure remains a frequent cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) withdrawal. Many post-commencement predictors of PD technique failure have been identified, while predialysis predictors have remained unclear. The aim of this study was to identify predialysis indices for technique failure in PD patients.

Angiogenic Factors and Risks of Technique Failure and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background: Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family that acts as a pleiotropic cytokine capable of stimulating angiogenesis and accelerating atherogenesis. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) antagonizes PlGF action. Higher levels of PlGF and sFlt-1 have been associated with cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease, yet little is known about their relationship with adverse outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Diamond family of nanoparticle superlattices.

Diamond lattices formed by atomic or colloidal elements exhibit remarkable functional properties. However, building such structures via self-assembly has proven to be challenging because of the low packing fraction, sensitivity to bond orientation, and local heterogeneity. We report a strategy for creating a diamond superlattice of nano-objects via self-assembly and demonstrate its experimental realization by assembling two variant diamond lattices, one with and one without atomic analogs.