FGF9-FGFR2 Signaling via Osteocytes-Preosteoblasts Crosstalks to Mediate Mechanotransduction-Driven Intramembranous Osteogenesis in the Underdeveloped Maxilla.

Maxillary underdevelopment is a critical component of skeletal Class III malocclusion, closely linked to altered biomechanical signaling. Mechanical stimulation through early facemask protraction can effectively promote maxillary growth, yet the underlying mechanotransduction mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is identified as a key biomechanical responder in maxillary development.

Dynamic Restructuring of Strongly Interacting Copper Single-Atom and Atomic Cluster Sites for Selective Electrosynthesis of Hydroxylamine.

The ambient electrosynthesis of high-value hydroxylamine (NHOH) using nitrogenous precursors has garnered significant research attention. However, uncovering the real electrocatalytic sites for the selective synthesis of NHOH under operando electrocatalysis remains challenging. Herein, we report an oxygen-coordinated copper (Cu) single atoms and atomic clusters coanchored on a carbonized bacterial cellulose catalyst (Cu-SAs/ACs-CBC) via Cu-O/Cu coordination for the selective electrocatalytic synthesis of NHOH using nitrate (NO) as nitrogen source.

Advances of HDAC inhibitors in tumor therapy: potential applications through immune modulation.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi) have garnered considerable attention due to their potential in treating various types of malignant tumors. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) not only influence chromatin structure and gene transcription by regulating histone acetylation status but also acetylate various non-histone proteins. They are widely involved in several key biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and immune responses.

BRD4 inhibition ameliorates aberrant mechanical stress-induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis through modulating MLKL and necroptosis.

This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of BRD4 in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of its inhibitor, JQ1. A rat model of TMJOA was established through mechanical stress induction, and the protective effects of BRD4 inhibition were assessed via intra-articular injection of JQ1. In vitro, a chondrocyte necroptosis model was induced using TNF-α, Smac mimetic, and z-VAD-FMK (TSZ).

Automated Landmark Detection and Lip Thickness Classification Using a Convolutional Neural Network in Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs.

The objective of this study is to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the automatic detection of soft and hard tissue landmarks and the classification of lip thickness on lateral cephalometric radiographs. A dataset of 1019 pre-orthodontic lateral cephalograms from patients with diverse malocclusions was utilized. A CNN-based model was trained to automatically detect 22 cephalometric landmarks.

NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy promotes pyroptosis by reactive oxygen species generation in the progress of gingival inflammation.

Disturbance in the intracellular iron homeostasis may cause excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via Fenton reactions. Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy, a process of autophagic degradation of ferritin, is implicated in the excessive accumulation of intracellular free iron and ROS. Whether ferritinophagy-mediated endogenous iron generation may exacerbate pyroptosis has not been reported.

Evolution of amyloid fibril from lysozyme and subsequent encapsulation of curcumin.

This study aimed to develop a lysozyme-derived amyloid fibril (Lys-F) with enhanced hydrophobicity using lysozyme (Lys) to achieve efficient encapsulation of curcumin (Cur) via hydrophobic interactions, and to investigate storage stability and in vitro inflammatory response of Cur encapsulated within Lys-F. The results showed that Lys-F exhibited strong hydrophobicity and structural stability. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that Lys-F interacted hydrophobically with Cur, resulting in fluorescence quenching, indicating that amyloid fibril promoted hydrophobic interaction.

Enhancement of stability and controlled release of phycocyanin via W/O/W double emulsions prepared with propylene glycol alginate and whey protein isolate.

The effectiveness of phycocyanin (PC) is limited by its poor stability. Herein, we evaluated the protective effect and release of PC from double emulsions (DEs) stabilized by propylene glycol alginate (PGA), whey protein isolate (WPI), and a WPI-PGA (WP) complex. Results showed that WP complex was formed via hydrogen bonding, as well as hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.

D-Glucuronolactone Supplementation Enhances Production Performance, Eggshell Quality, and Liver Health in Laying Hens.

The liver of hens bears a very heavy workload in handling lipogenesis as well as carbohydrate, protein, and other nutrient metabolism to maintain a high laying rate. D-glucuronolactone (DGL) is a naturally occurring chemical metabolite produced from glucose and exhibits a hepatoprotective effect as a food ingredient. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DGL on production performance, egg quality, and liver health in laying hens during their peak period.

Development of a Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Pain Medication Pathway in Thoracic Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial role of clinical pharmacists through a quality improvement project to incorporate a medication pathway into a thoracic surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study developed a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and pain medication pathway covering the different phases of the perioperative period in the thoracic surgery ERAS program, adhering to Lean management principles, within a multidisciplinary team framework. Outcome indicators related to VTE prophylaxis and pain management, adverse events, per capita drug cost, length of stay, and the total inpatient cost between the first 6 mos (preintervention, January 2023 to June 2023) and the second 6 mos (postintervention, July 2023 to December 2023) were collected and compared.

CXCL2: a key player in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory diseases.

CXCL2 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2), a constituent of the C-X-C chemokine subfamily, serves as a powerful chemotactic factor for neutrophils, facilitating leukocyte recruitment and movement while initiating an inflammatory response. Recent investigations have demonstrated the pivotal involvement of CXCL2 in carcinogenesis. Within the tumor microenvironment, CXCL2 modulates cellular activity primarily via its interaction with the CXCR2 receptor.

Tumor-promoting effect and tumor immunity of SRSFs.

Serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) are a family of 12 RNA-binding proteins crucial for the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. SRSFs are involved in RNA metabolism events such as transcription, translation, and nonsense decay during the shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, which are important components of genome diversity and cell viability. SRs recognize splicing elements on pre-mRNA and recruit the spliceosome to regulate splicing.

Effects of high stocking density on the growth performance, intestinal health and bile salts composition of broiler chickens.

Introduction: The intestinal dysfunction plays an important role in the decreased growth performance of broiler chickens under high stocking density. Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health. However, the modulation pathway of gut microbiota by regulating the intestinal barrier and histomorphology remains unknown.

Advances in targeting protein S-palmitoylation in tumor immunity and therapy.

S-palmitoylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification of proteins. A palmitoyl group is covalently attached to a cysteine residue of the protein by a thioester link. It regulates the transcription and expression of downstream target genes and cell signaling, influencing cellular functions.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells alleviate allergic asthma via airway epithelial cell-dependent thymosin β4 expression.

Background: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been previously reported to induce immune tolerance to allergen by inhibiting allergic T2-cell priming. However, there is limited knowledge on pDC function during the T2 effector phase of allergic asthma.

Objective: We sought to investigate the role of pDCs in ongoing allergic asthma following airway sensitization and challenge with house mite dust.

Effects of xanthan gum and psyllium husk powder with different ratios on the emulsification and oxidative stability of low-salt myofibrillar protein emulsions prepared by ultrasound.

The influence of xanthan gum (XG) and psyllium husk powder (PHP) at different ratios on the emulsification and oxidative stability of myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsions were studied under the low-salt conditions. The results showed that, in comparison to the emulsions added with XG or PHP alone and the control, the MP emulsions supplemented with the mixture of XG and PHP manifested higher apparent viscosity and Zeta potential, while having lower oil droplet size. Therefore, the emulsions containing XG and PHP mixtures showed the best creaming stability.

CMPK2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via mtDNA-STING pathway in house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis.

Background: House dust mite (HDM) is the leading allergen for allergic rhinitis (AR). Although allergic sensitisation by inhaled allergens renders susceptible individuals prone to developing AR, the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain incompletely elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HDM-induced AR.

Luteolin Exhibits Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Potential in Parkinson's Disease Rat: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is accompanied by a complex array of nonmotor and motor manifestations. The exploration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant active ingredient as potential therapeutic interventions in PD-associated mood alterations has gained significant attention. This study aimed to assess the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of luteolin (LTN), a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory component, using a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced animal model of PD.

Association of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with hearing loss and the mediating role of blood cell markers of inflammation in U.S. adults.

Introduction: Studies on the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on hearing loss (HL) are limited and often focus on individual PAH compounds. The present study aimed to explore the individual and combined effects of PAH exposure on hearing loss, with a focus on the mediating role of inflammatory blood cell markers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,409 participants from 3 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2011-2012).

The small protein LINC01547-ORF inhibits colorectal cancer progression by regulating the CLDN18-FAK-AKT axis.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-encoded small proteins play a major role in colorectal cancer. To identify more functional encoded small proteins, ribosome profiling data from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were screened for ribosome-associated lncRNAs. The search identified LINC01547 that was shown to encode a small protein of 76 amino acids, termed LINC01547-ORF.

Fucoidan-derived carbon dots as nanopenetrants of blood-brain barrier for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) stands as a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. However, current pharmacotherapies for PD face challenges due to inadequate penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), posing limitations on their therapeutic efficacy. Considering the potential of negatively charged carbon dots (CDs) in retaining functional groups from precursor molecules and vertically crossing the BBB, this study focuses on the utilization of fucoidan (FD), a promising pharmaceutical candidate with neuroprotective effects on dopamine-active neurons, for the development of negatively charged CDs through a one-step hydrothermal method, aiming to achieve efficient BBB penetration for PD treatment.

Theoretical study of a CuCo dual-atom catalyst for nitrogen fixation.

Developing low-cost catalysts for highly efficient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in industrial applications is a great challenge. Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have also aroused scientific interest as potential NRR catalysts due to their possible higher activity and atom utilization than single atom catalysts. Using density functional theory, we have investigated the NRR performances of heteronuclear CuCo DACs with different coordination configurations.

Quaternary Ammonium Salt Derivatives of Hyperbranched Polylysine with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria infections have gradually become a more serious health problem recently, and antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to tackle MDR Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, we synthesized a series of quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of hyperbranched polylysine (HPL--) with different alkyl chain lengths ( = 4, 8, 12, 16) and grafting ratios ( = 5.8-21.