A comprehensive review on PTSA-based deep eutectic solvents.

A key challenge in industrial processes is replacing fossil-based solvents with sustainable, renewable alternatives while minimizing industrial waste and enhancing sustainability. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), with their exceptional properties, offer a promising solution. These solvents can be tailored from a wide variety of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and acceptors (HBAs), making them highly customizable, cost-effective, and versatile.

Longitudinal trajectories of tobacco and alcohol use following first or consecutive admissions for respiratory diseases.

Background: Smoking and alcohol use worsen Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD). Smoking cessation is a cornerstone of treatment. We aim to describe the trajectories of alcohol and tobacco use in patients admitted due to first (FE) or consecutive episodes (CE) of CRD.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) in Obesity Care: Cultivating Person-Centered and Supportive Clinical Conversations to Reduce Stigma: A Narrative Review.

Background: Patients perceive high levels of weight prejudice, stigma, and discrimination within health systems, affecting their ability to manage their obesity and related chronic conditions. Scientific and patient obesity associations worldwide have prioritized the reduction of weight stigma to improve patient experiences in health systems and overall health outcomes. Since a significant proportion of the population is now living with multiple chronic diseases related to obesity, healthcare systems must shift toward multi-disease management frameworks incorporating person-centered and non-stigmatizing clinical conversations.

Environmental and Yield Comparison of Quick Extraction Methods for Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid from Spent Coffee Grounds.

This study aims to provide an overview of different extraction methods to obtain chlorogenic acid (CA) and caffeine (Caf) from spent coffee grounds (SCG). This overview shows that the quantity extracted is highly dependent on the type of SCG, so experiments using the same SCG are needed to compare different methods. Three easy and simple extraction methods will be tested at a laboratory scale and environmentally compared.

Carbon Footprint: The Case of Four Chicken Meat Products Sold on the Spanish Market.

Despite its relatively low environmental impact within the livestock sector, the poultry sector still faces its own environmental challenges that need to be addressed. The present paper uses life cycle assessment to quantify greenhouse gas emissions, from cradle to slaughterhouse gate, of four chicken meat products: whole carcass, wings, breast fillets, and leg quarters. The main contribution of the present study is that it provides a detailed analysis of different chicken meat cuts, testing mass and economic allocation choices and showing that economic allocation better reflects the causality of the cutting process.

Water-Energy-Food Nexus and Life Cycle Thinking: A New Approach to Environmental and Nutritional Assessment of Potato Chips.

The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has become a key concept to promote the cross-sectoral coordination toward sustainable development. In particular, understanding the interdependences of these pillars, as well as addressing a life cycle perspective, is essential when evaluating food production systems. This study explores the environmental impacts and nutritional quality of potato chips, addressing life cycle thinking and a WEF nexus approach.

Effect of Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents on the Endo/Exo Ratio of Diels-Alder Reactions at Room Temperature.

The Diels-Alder reaction is a prototypical example of a thermally allowed [4 + 2] cycloaddition with good control over the regio- and stereochemical outcomes. Therefore, Diels-Alder reactions in which adjacent stereocenters are generated at the two ends of the newly formed single bonds imply two different possible stereochemical outcomes. In cases where the dienophile has a single electron-withdrawing substituent, the outcome can often be predicted by applying the known "endo rule".

Preparation and Uses of Chlorinated Glycerol Derivatives.

Crude glycerol (CHO) is a major by-product of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats. The increased biodiesel production in the last two decades has forced glycerol production up and prices down. However, crude glycerol from biodiesel production is not of adequate purity for industrial uses, including food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Effect of Four Novel Bio-Based DES (Deep Eutectic Solvents) on Hardwood Fractionation.

Using the basic principle of construction between a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), four bio-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared in a 1:2 molar ratio of HBA:HBD. 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl-1-triethylammonium chloride ([CHNO]Cl) was synthesized from raw glycerol and used as an HBA. Lactic acid, urea, pure glycerol, and ethylene glycol were selected as HBD.

Synthesis and Thermophysical Characterization of Fatty Amides for Thermal Energy Storage.

Nine monoamides were synthesized from carboxylic acids (C8-C18) and crude glycerol. The final monoamides were the result of a rearrangement of the acyl chain during the final hydrogenation process. The purity of the final compounds was determined by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques.

Combined Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Compounds to Authenticate Commercial Monovarietal Peach Purees and Pear Juices.

Here we authenticated single-varietal peach purees and pear juices on the basis of primary metabolite and phenolic compound analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Photodiode Array and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS), respectively. After suitable preprocessing, the H-NMR and chromatographic data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA combining data from primary metabolites and phenolic compounds allowed the separation of the clusters in all cases, allowing discrimination of processed and unprocessed peach purees, both separately and pooled.

A simplified techno-economic model for the molecular pharming of antibodies.

By the end of 2017, the Food and Drug Administration had approved a total of 77 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), most of which are still manufactured today. Furthermore, global sales of mAbs topped $90 billion in 2017 and are projected to reach $125 billion by 2020. The mAbs approved for human therapy are mostly produced using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which require expensive infrastructure for production and purification.

A fast and reliable ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method to assess the fate of chlorophylls in teas and processed vegetable foodstuff.

A total of 48 chlorophylls and derivatives were identified and successfully determined in tea and processed vegetable and fruit foodstuff by UHPLC with photodiode-array and mass spectrometry detection. The method allowed the proper separation of chlorophyll derivatives resulting from demetallation, dephytilation, decarbomethoxylation, epimerisation and copperisation. The method was performed in less than 12 min, using an optimised ternary gradient (MeOH, iPrOH, MeCN and HO with 10 mM of ammonium acetate) on an ACQUITY HSS T3 column.

Bulk industrial fruit fibres. Characterization and prevalence of the original fruit metabolites.

Here we analysed the content of primary and secondary metabolites in nine types of industrially processed fibres derived from the juice industry. Specifically, we examined fibre from: apple, peach, and pear, as non-citrus fruits; the peel and flesh of orange and tangerine, and lemon flesh, as citrus fruits; and carrot, as vegetable. Regarding primary metabolites, the sugar content ranged from 21.

Development of a SBSE-TD method coupled to GC-MS and chemometrics for the differentiation of variety and processing conditions in peach juices.

Peach juices of distinct varieties, namely yellow- and red-fleshed, and commercial and freshly blended were analyzed. The method used was based on Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) involving a polydimethylsiloxane-coated stir bar with thermal desorption (TD), followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The resulting analytical data included 41 compounds belonging to several chemical classes, such as aldehydes, alcohols, lactones, terpenoids, fatty aldehydes, fatty acids and hydrocarbons.

Vegetable Oils as Alternative Solvents for Green Oleo-Extraction, Purification and Formulation of Food and Natural Products.

Since solvents of petroleum origin are now strictly regulated worldwide, there is a growing demand for using greener, bio-based and renewable solvents for extraction, purification and formulation of natural and food products. The ideal alternative solvents are non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have high dissolving power and flash point, together with low toxicity and less environmental impact. They should be obtained from renewable resources at a reasonable price and be easy to recycle.

Autoimmune-Mediated Psychosis: A Case of Susac Syndrome in a Drug User.

Objective: Susac syndrome, a rare disorder, is thought to be mediated by autoantibodies. One of the potential targets of these autoantibodies could be an antigen in the microvessels of the brain, the retina, and the inner ear leading to central nervous system (CNS) alterations, visual disturbances, and hearing deficits. Our aim is to expand clinicians' diagnostic options when facing psychosis due to medical conditions.

Patients' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Regular Alcohol Urine Screening: A Survey Study.

Background: Despite its wide implementation, there is a paucity of data supporting the effectiveness of regular alcohol urine screening (RAUS) in maintaining abstinence. This study aims at investigating if RAUS serves other purposes, what attitudes patients display towards it, and patients' technical knowledge about basic screening notions.

Method: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among adults with alcohol dependence, attending outpatient alcohol-dependence treatment.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and injection-port derivatization for the determination of free lipophilic compounds in fruit juices by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A method consisting of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by injection-port derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the analysis of free lipophilic compounds in fruit juices is described. The method allows the analysis of several classes of lipophilic compounds, such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, phytosterols and triterpenes. The chromatographic separation of the compounds was achieved in a chromatographic run of 25.

Methadone for the treatment of Prescription Opioids Dependence. A retrospective chart review.

Prescription opioids (PO) addiction is increasing to an epidemic level. Few studies exist regarding its treatment. Although buprenorphine has been the mainstay so far, other treatment options might be considered, such as methadone.

A rapid gas chromatographic injection-port derivatization method for the tandem mass spectrometric determination of patulin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in fruit juices.

A novel method consisting of injection-port derivatization coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is described. The method allows the rapid assessment of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and patulin content in apple and pear derivatives. The chromatographic separation of the compounds was achieved in a short chromatographic run (12.

Injection-port derivatization coupled to GC-MS/MS for the analysis of glycosylated and non-glycosylated polyphenols in fruit samples.

Polyphenols, including glycosylated polyphenols, were analyzed via a procedure based on injection-port derivatization coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The polyphenols in lyophilized fruit samples were extracted with an acidified MeOH mixture assisted by ultrasound. Samples were dried under vacuum, and carbonyl groups were protected with methoxylamine.

Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α-Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach.

Introduction: Carbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. Among the carbohydrates, disaccharides have rarely been studied in apple and peach. Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α-trehalose is a disaccharide.

Characterisation of phenolic compounds in processed fibres from the juice industry.

The content of phenolic compounds was determined in nine industrially processed fibres derived from the juice industry. Apple, peach, and pear as non-citrus fruit fibres were examined, as well as orange peel and flesh, tangerine peel and flesh, and lemon flesh as citrus fruit fibres, and carrot as vegetable fibre. The extractable phenolic profile of all fibres was obtained by UPLC-PDA-FLR-MS/MS.