Investigating the prevalence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wound infections.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant antibiotic-resistant pathogen with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, especially in burn units. Acquiring mobile genetic elements, such as integrons, is significant in developing multidrug-resistant (MDR) hospital isolates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in A.

Methanolic extract and nanosilver of Feijoa sellowiana reduce Salmonella typhimurium infection in female BALB/c mice.

Increasing resistance to antibiotics has led to research into new treatment options. Recent studies suggest the use of plant extracts as an alternative strategy. Feijoa is widely known for its efficacy against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens.

Inhibitory effect of naringin, naringenin, and crocin on biofilm formation and lecA gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a considerable challenge in treating infections. We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of crocin, naringin, and naringenin on biofilm formation capacity and the expression of the lecA gene by this organism. One hundred unrepeated P.

Virulence genes, efflux pumps, and molecular typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from North Iran.

Resistant and virulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are rapidly disseminated among both hospitalized patients and communities, therefore, the identification of the genes responsible for virulence and resistance, along with the clonal relatedness of these strains, could be beneficial in the management of the dissemination of these strains among patients. The aim of the present study was to assess antibiotic susceptibility, virulence and resistance genes, as well as the genetic relatedness of K.

Expression of bap gene in multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant biofilm-producer and antibiotic-resistant pathogen associated with various infections caused in humans. This study aimed to investigate the expression level of the bap gene in multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producer clinical isolates of A. baumannii.

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiling, and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Mazandaran, Iran.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in immunocompromised patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence gene profiles, and genetic diversity among P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Mazandaran, Iran.

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of probiotics mixture and sulfasalazine against acetic acid-induced colitis in a murine model.

Background: Currently, the use of probiotics to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is widely accepted because of their gut microbiota modulation capabilities and anti-inflammatory potential.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the immunomodulatory outcomes of probiotics and sulfasalazine in the acetic acid-induced colitis murine model.

Methods: The animals were randomly assigned to one of the seven groups.

Characterization of Antimicrobial Activities BB-12 and Their Inhibitory Effect Against Some Foodborne Pathogens.

subsp BB-12, a probiotic, has shown potential to promote health benefits and control pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of BB-12 and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) in inhibiting the growth of and serovar Typhimurium. To assess the antimicrobial activity of BB-12, agar well diffusion, disk diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were conducted.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence genes, and biofilm formation in enterococci strains collected from different sources.

Background: Currently, antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterococcus are considered to be one of the critical health challenges globally. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, biofilm formation capacity, and virulence genes of enterococci isolated from different sources.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, environmental and fecal samples were collected from the hospital environment, volunteers, and hospital staff from October 2018 to August 2019.

Overuse of computed tomography for mild head injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scan is a common imaging technique used to evaluate the severity of a head injury. The overuse of diagnostic interventions in the health system is a growing concern worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the rate of CT scan overuse in cases of mild head injury.

Tradeoffs between Radiation Exposure to the Lens of the Eyes and Diagnostic Image Quality in Pediatric Brain Computed Tomography.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) of the brain is associated with radiation exposure to the lens of the eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize scan settings to keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable without compromising diagnostic image information. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the five practical techniques for lowering eye radiation exposure and their effects on diagnostic image quality in pediatric brain CT.

The Role of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN Efflux Systems in the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance and the development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is dependent on the expression of efflux pumps. This study aimed to investigate the role of overexpression of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN efflux pumps in reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents among P. aeruginosa strains.

The Efficacy of "Anatomical Posture Control Orthosis" on the Activity of Erector spinae Muscle, Risk of Falling, Balance Confidence, and Walking Speed in Osteoporotic Hyperkyphotic Subjects.

Background: Osteoporosis is a silent and asymptomatic disease that leads to thoracic hyperkyphosis, which can interfere with the normal function of the paraspinal musculature and balance control. There is no evidence regarding the effect of the anatomical posture control (APC) orthosis in older people with osteoporotic thoracic hyperkyphosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of this novel orthosis on the electromyography (EMG) of the erector spinae (ES) and balance control in this group of patients.

Evaluation of the Presence of Bacterial and Viral Agents in the Semen of Infertile Men: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review Study.

Objectives: Infections in the male genitourinary system with bacterial and viral agents may play a significant role in male infertility. These agents usually infect the urethra, seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis, vas deferens, and testes retrograde through the reproductive system. A meta-analysis review study was performed to evaluate the presence of bacterial and viral agents in the semen of infertile men and its correlation with infertility.

Frequency of bla and bla Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes among Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in Sari, North of Iran.

Introduction: Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) play a major role in the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems. We investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and frequency of MBLs genes (bla and bla) in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in Sari, Iran.

An overview and bibliometric analysis on the colorectal cancer therapy by magnetic functionalized nanoparticles for the responsive and targeted drug delivery.

With the growing demands for personalized medicine and medical devices, nanomedicine is a modern scientific field, and research continues to apply nanomaterials for therapeutic and damaged tissue diagnosis. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with desired sizes, chemical composition, morphologies, and surface chemistry. Among these materials, nanomagnetic iron oxides have demonstrated promise as unique drug delivery carriers due to cancer treatment.

High frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring several β-lactamase and integron genes collected from several hospitals in the north of Iran.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of hospital outbreaks worldwide. Also, antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae is progressively being involved in invasive infections with high morbidity and mortality.

Calculation of Photoneutron Contamination of Varian Linac in ICRU Soft-Tissue Phantom Using MCNPX Code.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to calculate the fluence, dose equivalent (DE), and kerma of thermal, epithermal and fast photoneutrons separately, within ICRU soft-tissue-equivalent phantom in the radiotherapy treatment room, using MCNPX Monte Carlo code.

Materials And Methods: For this purpose, 18 MV Varian Linac 2100 C/D machine was simulated and desired quantities were calculated on the central axis and transverse directions at different depths.

Results: Maximum fluence, DE and kerma of total photoneutrons on central axis of the phantom were 43.

A Survey on Exposure Parameters Variation due to Aging in Radiology Devices.

The inevitable use of medical imaging examinations and lack of a suitable alternative lead to the need to control and minimize the amount of radiation from such artificial medical sources. To assess the relation between exposure parameters and lifetime of radiology devices, quality control tests were carried out on 13 radiology devices in 11 general hospitals. In this study, a barracuda dosimeter, SE-43137 Sweden, was calibrated to measure and record the quantities of kVp, mAs and exposure parameters.

Correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilm, as two key virulence factors of K. pneumoniae, are involved in the persistence of infections.

Tigecycline antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance: narrative review.

Tigecycline is unique glycylcycline class of semisynthetic antimicrobial agents developed for the treatment of polymicrobial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Tigecycline evades the main tetracycline resistance genetic mechanisms, such as tetracycline-specific efflux pump acquisition and ribosomal protection, via the addition of a glycyclamide moiety to the 9-position of minocycline. The use of the parenteral form of tigecycline is approved for complicated skin and skin structure infections (excluding diabetes foot infection), complicated intra-abdominal infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults.