Nano-carriers based Approaches Loaded with Herbal Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer: Recent Updates and Future Prospects.

Introduction: Traditional cancer therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy frequently face challenges, such as systemic toxicity, the development of resistance, and poor tolerance among patients. Recently, there has been a growing interest in herbal bioactive compounds because of their wide-ranging anticancer properties and natural sources. Nonetheless, the clinical use of these compounds is restricted by their low solubility in water, limited bioavailability, and rapid metabolic clearance.

Elucidating the Complex Etiology of Schizophrenia: Comprehensive Insights into the Therapeutic Roles of Natural Compounds and Pharmacological Interventions.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) remains a captivating mental disorder marked by complex symptomatology. Despite the success of the current therapeutic options for psychosis, a definitive cure remains elusive. Hence, this review explores mechanisms underlying SCZ pathophysiology, examining their potential as novel therapeutic targets.

Design and evaluation of carnosic acid-loaded thermosensitive lipidic nanogels for nasal delivery: ex vivo permeation, nasal ciliotoxicity, and antioxidant assessment.

Carnosic acid (CA) is a diterpene phenolic compound derived from the leaves of , known for its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its effectiveness is limited due to poor solubility and a low dissolution rate. To enhance its neuroprotective potential, a thermosensitive intranasal nanogel incorporated with CA-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) was developed using a quality-by-design approach to improve delivery and efficacy of CA.

Epigenetic dynamics and molecular mechanisms in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and therapy resistance.

Cancer progression is governed by a dynamic interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This review highlights key molecular pathways involved in oncogenesis, focusing on genetic alterations (mutations, amplifications, and translocations) in oncogenes (RAS and MYC) and tumor suppressor genes (TP53 and PTEN). Additionally, genomic instability, resulting from defective DNA repair mechanisms like mismatch repair and homologous recombination (HR), is identified as a critical factor contributing to tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution.

Design of Experiments Assisted Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Efavirenz Solid Dispersion Adsorbate for Improvement in Dissolution and Flow Properties.

Background: Efavirenz (EFZ) is an anti-HIV drug that has been administered as first-line treatment, which exhibits low solubility and poor oral bioavailability. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a solid dispersion adsorbate (SDA) to enhance the dissolution rate and flow properties of EFZ for solid oral dosage forms.

Methods: The SDA of EFZ was prepared using the fusion method with PEG-6000 and poloxamer-188 as carriers, along with avicel PH-102 and aerosil-200 as adsorbents.

Escitalopram oxalate-loaded chitosan nanoparticle gel formulation intended for direct nose-to-brain delivery: , , and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Escitalopram oxalate (ESCI) is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II antidepressant drug, that suffers limited oral bioavailability due to extensive hepatic metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) embedded in an gel for intranasal (i.n) drug delivery.

Exploring the molecular pathways of advanced rectal cancer: A focus on genetic, RNA, and biological technique.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer, with rectal cancer (RC) accounting for approximately 35 % of cases, posing a significant health burden. The early phase of R progression is characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes that promote cell growth. These rapidly dividing cells form a benign adenoma, which can eventually transform into malignant tumors and metastasize to other organs.

Development of etoricoxib-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles laden gel as vehicle for transdermal delivery: optimization, permeation, histopathology, and anti-inflammatory study.

Objective: Etoricoxib (ETB) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent. It is poorly soluble and has various gastrointestinal side effects such as bleeding and ulcers after oral administration. The present research aimed to develop an ETB-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle-laden gel (ETB-MSNPs) for transdermal delivery to improve therapeutic efficacy.

Transferrin-modified Gemcitabine Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles Persuaded Apoptosis in U87MG Cells and Improved Drug Availability in Rat Brain: An Active Targeting Strategy for Treatment of Glioma.

Among primary brain tumors, glioma has one of the highest fatality rates. Routine chemotherapy often faces off-target drug loss and sub-optimal drug availability at brain tissue. The present study aims at the development of transferrin-conjugated gemcitabine loaded poly (lactic co glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Tf-GB-PLGA-NPs) targeted strategy for brain cancer cell.

Luliconazole-niacinamide lipid nanocarrier laden gel for enhanced treatment of vaginal candidiasis: , , and preclinical insights.

A lipid-based nanocarrier system is a novel technique for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs through topical delivery. This study developed a dual-drug (luliconazole: LZ, and niacinamide: NM) loaded lipid nanocarrier (LN)-laden gel for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. The LNs were prepared using cholesterol and soya-α-lecithin through a thin-film hydration technique.

Development of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Rhein to Improve Biopharmaceutical Performance: Physiochemical Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.

Introduction: Rhein, a natural bioactive lipophilic compound with numerous pharmacological activities, faces limitations in clinical application due to poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Thus, this study aimed to develop a rhein-loaded self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (RL-SNEDDS) to improve solubility and bioavailability.

Methods: The RL-SNEDDS was prepared by aqueous titration method with eucalyptus oil (oil phase), tween 80 (surfactant), and PEG 400 (co-surfactant) and optimization was performed by 3 factorial design.

Efficacy of Scapular Functional and Cervical Isometric Exercises in the Management of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Comparative Trial.

The global rise in work-related musculoskeletal ailments has led to issues like neck discomfort, scapular muscle dysfunction, reduced neck mobility, and functional limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of scapular functional exercises (SFE) and cervical isometric exercises (CIE) on pain, cervical range of motion (CROM), and functional limitations in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain (CMNP). A two-arm, parallel group pretest-post-test randomized comparative trial was conducted.

Depression unveiled: Insights into etiology and animal models for behavioral assessment, exploring the multifactorial nature and treatment of depression.

Over the past century, significant shifts in daily living have led to an increased prevalence of mental disorders, often linked to hormonal imbalances. Among these, anxiety and depression stand out as prevalent diagnoses, particularly in industrialized nations. Depression, according to the DSM-5, is a heterogeneous condition that affects emotional, cognitive, and physical functioning, with symptoms including insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and weight changes.

Development of Hot Melt Extruded Co-Formulated Artesunate and Amodiaquine- Soluplus Solid Dispersion System in Fixed-Dose Form: Amorphous State Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.

Introduction: This study aims to develop co-amorphous Solid Dispersion (SD) system containing antimalarials Artesunate (ARS) and Amodiaquine (AMQ) to improve its oral bioavailability employing the Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technique. Soluplus was selected as a polymeric excipient, whereas Lutrol F127, Lutrol F68, TPGS, and PEG400 as surfactants were incorporated along with Soluplus to enhance extrudability, improve hydrophilicity, and improve the blend viscosity during HME. Soluplus with surfactant combination successfully stabilizes both drugs during extrusion by generating SD because of its lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscoelastic behavior.

Development of chitosan/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-based polyelectrolyte complex of dexamethasone for treatment of anterior uveitis.

Anterior uveitis is one of the most prevalent forms of ocular inflammation caused by infections, trauma, and other idiopathic conditions if not treated properly, it can cause complete blindness. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) loaded polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment of anterior uveitis. DSP-loaded PEC-NPs were formed through complex coacervation by mixing low molecular weight chitosan and the anionic polymer carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC).

Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer activities of 1-(4-(benzamido)phenyl)-3-arylurea derivatives.

In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, oestrogens play a critical role in the development of breast cancer. Aromatase is an enzyme that catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of estrogen and has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to design and evaluate novel 1-(4-(benzamido)phenyl)-3-arylurea derivatives as potential aromatase inhibitors.

Karanjin-loaded soya lecithin-based ethosomal nanogel for the therapeutic intervention of psoriasis: formulation development, factorial design based-optimization,andassessment.

This study aimed to develop and optimize karanjin-loaded ethosomal nanogel formulation and evaluate its efficacy in alleviating symptoms of psoriasis in an animal model induced by imiquimod. These karanjin-loaded ethosomal nanogel, were formulated to enhance drug penetration into the skin and its epidermal retention. Karanjin was taken to formulate ethosomes due to its potential ani-psoriatic activity.

Development and Optimization of Proniosomal Formulation of Irbesartan Using a Box-Behnken Design to Enhance Oral Bioavailability: Physicochemical Characterization and Assessment.

This research work aimed to develop and evaluate proniosomes for the oral delivery of the lipophilic drug Irbesartan (IRB) to improve its solubility and bioavailability. Proniosomes of Irbesartan were formulated using a lipid, surfactant, and carrier by a slurry method. Based on the prepared preliminary trial batches and their evaluation, the formulation was optimized by employing a Box-Behnken design (BBD) in which concentrations of span 60 (), cholesterol (), and mannitol () were used as three independent variables and the vesicular size (VS) (), % entrapment efficiency (% EE) (), and % cumulative drug release (% CDR) () were used as dependent variables.

A Comprehensive Review of Various Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Skin Cancer.

Skin cancer (SC) poses a global threat to the healthcare system and is expected to increase significantly over the next two decades if not diagnosed at an early stage. Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment, as the disease becomes more challenging to cure as it progresses. However, identifying new drugs, achieving clinical success, and overcoming drug resistance remain significant challenges.

Global Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Current Therapeutic Novelties in Migraine Therapy and their Prevention: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: The current article reviews the latest information on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, recent advancements in clinical management, current therapeutic novelties, and the prevention of migraines. In a narrative review, all studies as per developed MeSH terms published until February 2023, excluding those irrelevant, were identified through a PubMed literature search.

Methods: Overall, migraine affects more than a billion people annually and is one of the most common neurological illnesses.

A Systematic Review of Chronic Diseases and Their Prevalence Among the Population of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia.

Estimation of the prevalence of chronic conditions is pivotal to effective healthcare planning and management. Therefore, our objective was to systemically review previous literature about the prevalence of chronic diseases among residents of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia. The electronic search has been done using scientific databases (PubMed, Ebsco, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and search engines up to September 2021.

Accelerated stability evaluation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of a preformed ciprofloxacin nanocrystal formulation.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is frequently used to treat variety of bacterial illnesses. Drugs can lose their therapeutic efficiency due to physical and chemical deterioration. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate CIP nanocrystals stability and antibacterial activity.