Introducing the UK Crop Microbiome Cryobank data resource, AgMicrobiomeBase, with case studies and methods on metabarcoding analyses.

Background: Here, we describe AgMicrobiomeBase as an output of the UK Crop Microbiome Cryobank (UKCMCB) project, including details of the underlying meta-barcode sequence-based methods and three microbiome analysis case studies. The UKCMCB links genomic datasets and associated soil metadata with a cryobank collection of samples, for six economically significant crops: fava bean (Vicia faba), oil seed rape (Brassica napus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare), spring oats (Avena sativa), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). The crops were grown in nine agricultural soils from the UK, representing three major soil texture classes.

The mouth or the nose: the past, present, and future of ultra-slim gastroscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in pediatrics.

Background: Ultra-slim, flexible endoscopy pioneered for the evaluation of luminal diseases of the airway, has been used for over 40 years. In the late 20th century, it was adopted in the gastrointestinal specialties for evaluation of the digestive tract with and without the need for sedation. Since the advent of this technology, numerous descriptions of its use in small anatomic areas have been described.

Deployment as a Risk Factor of Rhinologic Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Identify deployment, relocation to a military site abroad, as a risk factor for upper and lower airway disease and investigate exposures in the deployed population that may play a role in the pathology. Highlight the clinical importance of the limitations in the current literature.

Data Sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus.

Opioid Withdrawal Misdiagnosed as a Crohn's Flare.

Introduction: There is an increased incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) originating from prescription misuse. Diagnosing OUD remains challenging, particularly in patients with multiple medical comorbidities where other potential etiologies may cause overlapping symptoms.

Case Presentation: This report highlights a 28-year-old male with Crohn's disease (CD) with recurrent hospitalizations of abdominal pain, hematuria, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Toxic behaviour facilitates echo chammber formation: An agent-based modelling simulation of science attitudes based on Spiral of Silence Theory.

The Internet and social media have facilitated the spread of misinformation and the formation of echo chambers online. These echo chambers may facilitate the adoption of false beliefs and associated costs, but the mechanism of their formation remains a matter of debate. Based on Spiral of Silence Theory, sanctions against opposing views in the form of toxic online behaviour may enable not only the suppression of minority views but also the formation of echo chambers as those with suppressed minority views may attempt to find like-minded individuals who they can safely share their opinions with while avoiding toxic reprisals from those with an opposing view.

Pressure-Derived Indices in the Left Main Coronary Artery: Insights From Comprehensive In Vivo Hemodynamic Studies of Diseased and Unobstructed Vessels.

Background: Pressure-based physiological evaluation of coronary artery disease is well established, but its application is limited in left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. Our aim was to investigate whether pressure-based indices are comparable in the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCx) branches of the LMCA, and if discordance is due to differences in microvascular function in these territories.

Methods: Simultaneous measurements of coronary pressure and flow were made in patients with (1) isolated LMCA disease and (2) unobstructed coronary arteries.

Gastroesophageal reflux during postpyloric versus gastric tube feeding in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: Whether postpyloric feeding reduces gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is uncertain.

Methods: Prospective observational study comparing GER profiles measured using 24-h esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in infants with BPD receiving clinically prescribed postpyloric (n = 21) or gastric (n = 24) tube feeding.

Results: Participants (median gestational age 25.

Stochastically Emergent Tumors offer in vivo whole genome interrogation of cancer evolution from non-malignant precursors.

Interrogating the stochastic events underlying tumor evolution from non-malignant precursors is crucial for understanding therapy resistance. Current methods are complicated by chromosomal instability, obscuring driver identification and yielding non-representative genetics. Inspired by patient tumors that evolve without chromosomal instability, we developed Stochastically Emergent Tumors (SETs) by inducing mismatch repair deficiency in non-malignant precursors, then engrafting in mice.

Face mask mandates alter major determinants of adherence to protective health behaviours in Australia.

Face mask wearing is a protective health behaviour that helps mitigate the spread of infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. Understanding predictors of face mask wearing can help refine public health messaging and policy in future pandemics. Government mandates influence face mask wearing, but how mandates change predictors of face mask wearing has not been explored.

Fruit, vegetables and discretionary food intake in Australian adults: Past trends and predicted progress towards population preventive health targets for 2030.

Objective: In Australia, 'improving access to and the consumption of a healthy diet' is a focus in the National Preventive Health Strategy. The objective of this paper is to describe the past trends and future projections of population intakes against the Strategy's targets of increasing fruit consumption to 2 servings per day; increasing vegetables to 5 servings; and reducing discretionary foods to <20% of total energy by 2030.

Methods: Self-reported intake data were available from an online survey of 275,170 Australian adults collected between 2015 and 2023.

Medical therapy and outcomes in REVIVED-BCIS2 and STICHES: an individual patient data analysis.

Background And Aims: In the Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure Trial Extension Study (STICHES), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improved outcomes of patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction receiving medical therapy, whereas in the Revascularization for Ischaemia Ventricular Dysfunction trial (REVIVED-BCIS2), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) did not. The aim of this study was to explore differences in outcomes of participants treated with medical therapy alone in STICHES vs. REVIVED-BCIS2 and to assess the incremental benefit of CABG or PCI.

Palliative Care Initiated in the Emergency Department: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The emergency department (ED) offers an opportunity to initiate palliative care for older adults with serious, life-limiting illness.

Objective: To assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention to initiate palliative care in the ED on hospital admission, subsequent health care use, and survival in older adults with serious, life-limiting illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cluster randomized, stepped-wedge, clinical trial including patients aged 66 years or older who visited 1 of 29 EDs across the US between May 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, had 12 months of prior Medicare enrollment, and a Gagne comorbidity score greater than 6, representing a risk of short-term mortality greater than 30%.

Horizontal transfers between fungal Fusarium species contributed to successive outbreaks of coffee wilt disease.

Outbreaks of fungal diseases have devastated plants and animals throughout history. Over the past century, the repeated emergence of coffee wilt disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium xylarioides severely impacted coffee production across sub-Saharan Africa. To improve the disease management of such pathogens, it is crucial to understand their genetic structure and evolutionary potential.

Addressing Cross-Specialty Clinical Genetics Education Needs.

Introduction: Advances in genomics are transforming clinical practice, but there are too few genetics professionals to meet increasing demand. Moreover, many nongeneticist clinicians feel unprepared to incorporate genetics into practice. This study assessed clinicians' unmet genomics educational needs at a single academic institution.

Fertility and tillage intensity affect weed community diversity and functional structure in long-term organic systems.

Knowledge of how agricultural management interacts with weed seed banks and emergent weed communities is crucial for proactive weed management. Though studies have detailed how differences in disturbance and nutrient applications between organic and conventional herbicide-based systems affect weed communities, few have focused on these same factors in contrasting organic systems. This study assessed the seed banks and emergent weed communities from the most recent crop rotation cycle (2017-2022) of a long-term experiment, which compared four organic grain and forage cropping systems differing in nutrient inputs and soil disturbance.

Do selectivity filter carbonyls in K channels flip away from the pore? Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy study.

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the carbonyls of the Val residue in the conserved selectivity filter sequence TVGTG of potassium ion channels can flip away from the pore to form hydrogen bonds with the network of water molecules residing behind the selectivity filter. Such a configuration has been proposed to be relevant for C-type inactivation. Experimentally, X-ray crystallography of the KcsA channel admits the possibility that the Val carbonyls can flip, but it cannot decisively confirm the existence of such a configuration.

Race- and Ethnicity-Related Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Natural Language Processing.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the predominant form of HF in older adults. It represents a heterogenous clinical syndrome that is less well understood across different ethnicities.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation and assess the diagnostic performance of existing HFpEF diagnostic tools between ethnic groups.