Global burden of brain and central nervous system cancer in 185 countries, and projections up to 2050: a population-based systematic analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022.

Background: Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Here, we aimed to systematically evaluate and compare brain and CNS cancer between pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: This study utilized the GLOBOCAN 2022 database to analyze incidence and mortality estimates for brain and CNS cancers across 185 countries and territories in 2022.

Streamlining Health Care Access for Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Quality Improvement Pilot Program.

Objective: Patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) are typically referred to endocrinology for initial evaluation, often with prolonged wait times. We introduced a pilot program that triaged primary HPT (pHPT) patients directly into endocrine surgery clinic, bypassing endocrinology, to evaluate the difference in time between referral and appointment for endocrine surgery versus endocrinology and determine if patients received expedited care through this process.

Methods: From November 2022 to March 2024, HPT patients referred to endocrinology were screened for pHPT (Ca ≥10.

Variation in commercial prices for thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy at US hospitals.

Background: The 2021 Hospital Price Transparency Rule mandated hospitals to publicly disclose their service prices to improve competition and lower healthcare costs. Our aim was to characterize commercial price variation for thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.

Methods: We performed a national cross-sectional study of hospital price variation in 2022 and 2023 using the Turquoise Health dataset.

Opportunities to improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is readily diagnosed biochemically and can be cured with low-risk surgery, it is often underrecognized and undertreated. Our objectives were to characterize, within our health system, how often patients with hypercalcemia were evaluated for PHPT and how often patients with PHPT underwent definitive treatment with parathyroidectomy.

Methods: Ambulatory patients aged 18 years or older seen at our health system between January 2018 and June 2023 with chronic hypercalcemia were identified from the medical record.

Nonoperative, Active Surveillance of Larger Malignant and Suspicious Thyroid Nodules.

Context: Active surveillance for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) meeting criteria for surgical resection is uncommon. Which patients may prove reasonable candidates for this approach is not well defined.

Objective: This work aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of active surveillance for patients with known or suspected intrathyroidal PTC up to 4 cm in diameter.

Impact of Obesity on Risk of Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy: Targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis of 16,277 Patients.

Introduction: Hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy (TT) is common due to postoperative parathyroid dysfunction and vitamin D deficiency. Given the association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency, we sought to correlate body mass index (BMI) with hypocalcemia after TT.

Methods: Patients undergoing TT between 2016 and 2020 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program thyroidectomy-targeted database.

Additional Oncogenic Alterations in RAS-Driven Differentiated Thyroid Cancers Associate with Worse Clinicopathologic Outcomes.

Purpose: RAS mutations occur across the spectrum of thyroid neoplasms, and more tools are needed for better prognostication. The objective of this study was to evaluate how additional genetic events affecting key genes modify prognosis in patients with RAS-mutant thyroid cancers, and specifically differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC).

Experimental Design: We performed a clinical-genomic analysis of consecutive patients with DTC, poorly differentiated (PDTC), or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) between January 2014 and December 2021, in whom a custom-targeted next-generation sequencing assay was performed.

Limited disease progression in endocrine surgery patients with treatment delays due to COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted the delivery of care and timing of elective surgical procedures. Most endocrine-related operations were considered elective and safe to postpone, providing a unique opportunity to assess clinical outcomes under protracted treatment plans.

Methods: American Association of Endocrine Surgeon members were surveyed for participation.

Higher SUV on FDG-PET is associated with shorter survival in adrenocortical carcinoma.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive, rare malignancy. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) assesses tumor metabolism and glucose utilization. We hypothesized that higher maximum standard uptake value (SUV) is associated with decreased survival.

Increased Body Mass Index is Associated With Lower Risk of Hypocalcemia in Total Thyroidectomy Patients.

Introduction: Hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy is common due to postoperative parathyroid dysfunction. We sought to identify the impact of obesity on postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study of all total thyroidectomies performed from 2016 to 2019 after implementation of an updated calcium supplementation protocol.

Effect of Lactate Export Inhibition on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Growth and Metabolism.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy without effective treatments. ATC cells demonstrate upregulated glycolysis (Warburg effect), generating lactate that is subsequently exported by monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). This study aims to determine whether MCT4 inhibition can suppress ATC growth.

Survival After Adrenalectomy for Metastatic Lung Cancer.

Background: Adrenal metastasectomy is associated with increased survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with isolated adrenal metastases. Although clinical use of adrenal metastasectomy has expanded, indications remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of adrenal metastasectomy for all lung cancer subtypes.

Glycolytic inhibition with 3-bromopyruvate suppresses tumor growth and improves survival in a murine model of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare but devastating malignancy. Anaplastic thyroid cancer cells exhibit the Warburg effect by preferentially undergoing glycolysis even in aerobic conditions, leading to high glucose use. Here we assess if targeted inhibition of glycolysis can diminish anaplastic thyroid cancer growth and improve outcomes.

Oncogenic Mutations in PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Effectors Associate with Worse Prognosis in -Driven Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

Purpose: The extent to which routine genomic sequencing can identify relevant secondary genomic alterations among -mutant papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is unknown. Such markers would prove highly valuable for prognostic purposes.

Experimental Design: We reviewed clinicopathologic data of 225 patients with -mutant PTC and integrated them with genomic data derived from targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on tumor specimens.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with High-Grade Features Versus Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: An Analysis of Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features and Outcome.

Similar to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), papillary thyroid carcinoma with high-grade features (PTC HGF) demonstrates increased mitotic activity and/or necrosis; however, PTC HGF is excluded from the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of PDTC based on maintained nuclear features of PTC. Consecutive tumors that met criteria for PTC HGF, defined as tumors with maintained nuclear features of PTC and mitoses numbering 5 or more per 10 contiguous high-power fields and/or tumor necrosis, and PDTC (defined as per the WHO criteria) were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics, follow-up data, and targeted next-generation sequencing results were compared between groups.

Completion Thyroidectomy is Less Common Following Updated 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines.

Background: The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommended that low-risk, differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) between 1 and 4 cm may be treated with thyroid lobectomy alone. We sought to determine the effect of these guideline changes on the rate of completion thyroidectomy (CT) for low-risk DTC and factors influencing surgical decision-making.

Methods: All patients from 2014 to 2018 who received an initial thyroid lobectomy at our institution with final pathology demonstrating DTC were included.

Histopathologic Features and Clinical Outcome of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with a Minor Anaplastic Component.

Although prior studies have reported that patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) with a focal anaplastic component may have a prolonged survival compared to other ATC patients, the outcome data are limited. We evaluated a cohort of ATC resected between 2003 and 2018. Tumor slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to identify cases with a minor ATC component (defined as comprising < 10% of the tumor).

Adrenalectomy for Secondary Malignancy: Patients, Outcomes, and Indications.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine a multi-institutional experience with adrenal metastases to describe survival outcomes and identify subpopulations who benefit from adrenal metastasectomy.

Background: Adrenalectomy for metastatic disease is well-described, although indications and outcomes are incompletely defined.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients undergoing adrenalectomy for secondary malignancy (2002-2015) at 6 institutions.

A potential diagnostic pitfall for hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Aims: Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an aggressive PTC subtype characterised by a hobnail cytomorphology. However, some classic PTC have a 'hobnail-like' cytomorphology associated with thick, hyalinised, variably oedematous fibrovascular cores that appears to be a form of ischaemic/degenerative atypia.

Methods And Results: We studied three cohorts to compare the histopathological characteristics and clinical outcome of 'hobnail-like' classic PTC and true hobnail variant of PTC: cohort 1, PTC consecutively resected between 2016 and 2017 (to assess frequency of 'hobnail-like' cytomorphology); cohort 2, 20 'hobnail-like' classic PTC resected between 2005 and 2007 (to assess clinical outcome); and cohort 3, seven true hobnail variant of PTC.

Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. ACC is capable of secreting excess adrenocortical hormones, which can compound morbidity and compromise clinical outcomes. By the time most ACCs are diagnosed, there is usually locoregional or metastatic disease.

Ketogenic diet combined with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is an aggressive and fatal malignancy. Many advanced cancers are characterized by glucose dependency, leading to oxidative stress and cellular proliferation. Therefore, we sought to determine if a low glucose environment (in vitro) or a ketogenic diet (in vivo) could inhibit anaplastic thyroid cancer tumor growth when combined with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine.