Illicit drug toxicity from opioid, stimulant or sedative use in adolescents: results of a Canadian one-time cross-sectional study.

Background: Illicit drug toxicity is an escalating public health emergency. Usually framed as an adult issue, adolescents are significantly impacted. Little is currently known about the interface between Canadian paediatric physicians and adolescents experiencing severe health events from illicit drug toxicity.

Facilitating Access to Care for Children With Complex Health Needs Through Low-Barrier Place-Based Intake Processes: Lessons From the RICHER Social Pediatric Model.

Introduction/objectives: Exposure to adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) in childhood is associated with poorer long-term health outcomes. Within structurally marginalized populations, there are disproportionately high rates of developmentally vulnerable children. The RICHER (Responsive, Intersectoral, Child and Community Health, Education and Research) social pediatric model was designed to increase access to care in marginalized neighborhoods.

Mental Health Hospitalizations in Canadian Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Over the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in multiple socially restrictive public health measures and reported negative mental health impacts in youths. Few studies have evaluated incidence rates by sex, region, and social determinants across an entire population.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of hospitalizations for mental health conditions, stratified by sex, region, and social determinants, in children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as youths) and young adults comparing the prepandemic and pandemic-prevalent periods.

Pandemic Stringency Measures and Hospital Admissions for Eating Disorders.

Importance: Hospitalizations for eating disorders rose dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health restrictions, or stringency, are believed to have played a role in exacerbating eating disorders. Few studies of eating disorders during the pandemic have extended to the period when public health stringency restrictions were lifted.

Who is in Your Waiting Room? Social Determinants of Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Pediatric Surgery Clinics.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDoH) influence overall health, although little is known about the SDoH for pediatric patients requiring surgical services. This study aims to describe SDoH for pediatric surgical patients attending out-patient, community, and outreach clinics, as well as demonstrate the feasibility of identifying and addressing SDoH and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) when appropriate.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using surveys evaluating SDoH that were distributed to families attending pediatric surgical clinics over a two-year period.

Lost in translation: a national cross-sectional study on medical interpreter use by pediatric residents.

Background: Lack of communication in a family's preferred language is inequitable and results in inferior care. Pediatric residents provide care to many families with non-English or French language preferences (NEFLP). There is no data available about how Canadian pediatric residents use interpreters, making it difficult to develop targeted interventions to improve patient experience.

Short duration of parenteral antibiotics in infants with urinary tract infections.

Objectives: Current guidelines by the Canadian Paediatric Society on treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) exclude infants ≤ 60 days old. There is considerable practice variability in this age group, especially around the optimal duration of parenteral antibiotics. The study aimed to assess local practice patterns, and the safety of a short course (≤3 days) of parenteral antibiotics in young infants.

Conservative and Surgical Modalities in the Management of Pediatric Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: The optimal treatment for community-acquired childhood pneumonia complicated by empyema remains unclear.

Research Question: In children with parapneumonic effusion or empyema, do hospital length of stay and other key clinical outcomes differ according to the treatment modality used?

Study Design And Methods: A living systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Eligible RCTs included patients aged < 18 years and compared two of the following treatment modalities: antibiotics alone, chest tube insertion with or without fibrinolytics, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and decortication via thoracotomy.

Preterm birth after recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) on the risk of preterm birth (PTB) in subsequent pregnancies.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Not applicable.

Treatment of UTIs in Infants <2 Months: A Living Systematic Review.

Context: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in infants <2 months of age. However, there are no clear guidelines on the appropriate duration of antibiotics in this age group.

Objective: In this living systematic review, we compared different durations of parenteral antibiotics (≤3 vs >3 days) in neonates and young infants (<2 months) with UTIs.

Conservative and surgical modalities in the management of paediatric parapneumonic effusion and empyema: a protocol for a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Parapneumonic effusion and empyema are common complications of paediatric pneumonia. Acceptable treatment modalities for large parapneumonic effusions include antibiotics alone or in conjunction with surgical interventions. Clear guidelines on the best treatment approach are lacking and mostly based on evidence prior to widespread pneumococcal conjugate 13-valent vaccination (PCV-13).

Serious Illness Conversations in Pediatrics: A Case Review.

The Serious Illness Conversation Guide program developed by Ariadne Labs, a Joint Center for Health Systems Innovation, includes a list of patient-centered questions designed to assist clinicians to gain a more thorough understanding of their patient's life in order to inform future care decisions. In July 2017, specialist pediatric palliative care clinicians at Canuck Place Children's Hospice (CPCH) (Vancouver, BC, Canada), adapted the original guide to use with parents of children with serious illness. This tool is referred to as the Serious Illness Conversation Guide-Peds (SICG-Peds).

Respiratory Presentation of Pediatric Patients in the 2014 Enterovirus D68 Outbreak.

Background. In the fall of 2014, a North American outbreak of enterovirus D68 resulted in a significant number of pediatric hospital admissions for respiratory illness throughout North America. This study characterized the clinical presentation and risk factors for a severe clinical course in children admitted to British Columbia Children's Hospital during the 2014 outbreak.