Relationship of 24-2C Central Visual Field Damage to Juxtapapillary Choriocapillaris Dropout in Glaucoma Eyes With or Without Axial Myopia.

Prcis: Larger choriocapillaris microvasculature dropout area and wider angular circumference are significantly associated with 24-2C central visual field damage in primary open angle glaucoma eyes with and without axial myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between a juxtapapillary choriocapillaris microvasculature dropout (MvD) and central visual field (VF) damage in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with or without axial myopia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 125 patients with POAG or glaucoma suspects stratified into no axial myopia (axial length (AL) ≤24 mm; 46 eyes), mild axial myopia (24 mm < AL ≤26 mm; 81 eyes), and high axial myopia (AL >26 mm; 59 eyes).

Differential Impact of Central and Global Visual Field Progression on Quality of Life in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the impact of progression of central visual field (VF) and global VF on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This study included 364 eyes of 235 primary open-angle glaucoma participants who had at least five 24-2 VF tests over a minimum of 2-year follow-up.

Impact of Physical Activity Levels on Visual Field Progression in Individuals With Glaucoma.

Prcis: Higher self-reported physical activity level was associated with a slower rate of visual field mean deviation loss in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the impact of physical activity (PA) on visual field (VF) progression rates in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: In this longitudinal study, POAG patients were included who had ≥5 visits, ≥2 years of follow-up VFs and underwent PA questionnaire at the baseline.

Deep Learning Approach Predicts Longitudinal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes.

This study aims to develop deep learning (DL) models to predict the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness changes in glaucoma, facilitating the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Using the longitudinal data from two glaucoma studies (Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) and African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES)), we constructed models using optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from 251 participants (437 eyes). The models were trained to predict the RNFL thickness at a future visit based on previous scans.

Optic Disc Size and Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the association between optic disc size and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thinning in eyes with preperimetric glaucoma and glaucoma.

Design: Observational cohort.

Participants: A total of 841 eyes (554 primary open angle glaucoma and 287 preperimetric glaucoma) from 553 patients who had at least 4 visits and 2 years of follow-up using OCT.

Evaluating glaucoma in myopic eyes: Challenges and opportunities.

The increasing global prevalence of myopia presents a significant public health concern, and growing evidence has demonstrated that myopia is a major risk factor for the development of open-angle glaucoma. Therefore, timely detection and management of glaucoma in myopic patients are crucial; however, identifying the structural alterations of glaucoma in the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal tissues of myopic eyes using standard diagnostic tools such as fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) presents challenges. Additionally, myopia-related perimetric defects can be confounded with glaucoma-related defects.

Number of macula optical coherence tomography scans needed to detect glaucoma progression.

Background: To evaluate the impact of testing frequency on the time required to detect statistically significant glaucoma progression for ganglion cell complex (GCC) with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Materials And Methods: From multicentre glaucoma registries, 332 eyes of 201 glaucoma patients were enrolled over an average of 4.4 years.

Evaluating a Foundation Artificial Intelligence Model for Glaucoma Detection Using Color Fundus Photographs.

Purpose: To evaluate RETFound, a foundation artificial intelligence model, using a diverse clinical research dataset to assess its accuracy in detecting glaucoma using optic disc photographs. The model's accuracy for glaucoma detection was evaluated across race, age, glaucoma severity, and various training cycles (epochs) and dataset sample sizes.

Design: Evaluation of a diagnostic technology.

Biomechanical changes of tree shrew posterior sclera during experimental myopia, after retrobulbar vehicle injections, and crosslinking using genipin.

Myopia is a common ocular condition characterized by biomechanical weakening revealed by increasing creep rate, cyclic softening scleral thinning, change of collagen fibril crimping, and excessive elongation of the posterior sclera resulting in blurred vision. Animal studies support scleral crosslinking as a potential treatment for myopia control by strengthening the weakened sclera and slowing scleral expansion. While multiple studies investigated aspects of the biomechanical weakening and strengthening effects in myopia and after scleral crosslinking, a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanical changes including the effect of vehicle injections is still missing.

Time to Glaucoma Progression Detection by Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field in Glaucoma Individuals of African Descent.

Purpose: To examine the time to glaucoma progression detection by retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and visual field (VF) among individuals of African descent (AD).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This multicenter study included eyes with glaucoma from individuals of AD from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study with ≥2 years/5 visits of optic nerve head RNFLT and 24-2 VF examinations.

Rates of Choriocapillaris Microvascular Dropout and Macular Structural Changes in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy With and Without Myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between rates of juxtapapillary choriocapillaris microvasculature dropout (MvD) change and rates of ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and glaucoma suspect eyes with and without myopia.

Design: Cohort study from clinical trial data.

Methods: 238 eyes from 155 POAG and glaucoma suspect patients were stratified into no-myopia (axial length (AL) ≤ 24 mm; n = 78 eyes), mild myopia (24 mm < AL ≤ 26 mm; n = 114 eyes), and high myopia (AL > 26 mm; n = 46 eyes).

Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in eyes of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Comparative diagnostic accuracy analysis by race.

Participants: 379 healthy eyes (125 AD and 254 ED) and 442 glaucomatous eyes (226 AD and 216 ED) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Association of Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Variability and Rate of Ganglion Complex Thinning in Patients With Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP variability (IOP fluctuation [SD of IOP] and the IOP range) with the rate of ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer thinning over time in patients with glaucoma.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Participants with at least 4 visits and 2 years of follow-up of optical coherence tomography tests were included.

Proactive Decision Support for Glaucoma Treatment: Predicting Surgical Interventions with Clinically Available Data.

A longitudinal ophthalmic dataset was used to investigate multi-modal machine learning (ML) models incorporating patient demographics and history, clinical measurements, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual field (VF) testing in predicting glaucoma surgical interventions. The cohort included 369 patients who underwent glaucoma surgery and 592 patients who did not undergo surgery. The data types used for prediction included patient demographics, history of systemic conditions, medication history, ophthalmic measurements, 24-2 VF results, and thickness measurements from OCT imaging.

Deep Learning Identifies High-Quality Fundus Photographs and Increases Accuracy in Automated Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Detection.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to assess fundus photograph quality, and quantitatively measure its impact on automated POAG detection in independent study populations.

Methods: Image quality ground truth was determined by manual review of 2815 fundus photographs of healthy and POAG eyes from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (DIGS/ADAGES), as well as 11,350 from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). Human experts assessed a photograph as high quality if of sufficient quality to determine POAG status and poor quality if not.

Long-term variability of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurement in patients with glaucoma of African and European descents.

Background: To examine long-term retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) variability and associated clinical factors in African (AD) and European descent (ED) individuals with glaucoma.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included glaucoma eyes of AD and ED from Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study/The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study with ≥4 visits/2 years of follow-up. We calculated optic nerve head RNFLT variability per-examination/visit as the absolute error of its residuals across follow-up.

Displacement of the Lamina Cribrosa With Acute Intraocular Pressure Increase in Brain-Dead Organ Donors.

Purpose: To examine deformations of the optic nerve head (ONH) deep tissues in response to acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: Research-consented brain-dead organ donors underwent imaging by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT imaging was repeated while the eye was sequentially maintained at manometric pressures of 10, 30, and 50 mm Hg.

Multimodal Deep Learning Classifier for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Diagnosis Using Wide-Field Optic Nerve Head Cube Scans in Eyes With and Without High Myopia.

Prcis: An optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based multimodal deep learning (DL) classification model, including texture information, is introduced that outperforms single-modal models and multimodal models without texture information for glaucoma diagnosis in eyes with and without high myopia.

Background/aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a multimodal DL classifier using wide OCT optic nerve head cube scans in eyes with and without axial high myopia.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred seventy-one primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes and 86 healthy eyes, all without axial high myopia [axial length (AL) ≤ 26 mm] and 92 POAG eyes and 44 healthy eyes, all with axial high myopia (AL > 26 mm) were included.

Central visual field damage in glaucoma eyes with choroidal microvasculature dropout with and without high axial myopia.

Purpose: To characterise the relationship between a deep-layer microvasculature dropout (MvD) and central visual field (VF) damage in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with and without high axial myopia.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Seventy-one eyes (49 patients) with high axial myopia and POAG and 125 non-highly myopic POAG eyes (97 patients) were enrolled.

Fast Progressors in Glaucoma: Prevalence Based on Global and Central Visual Field Loss.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of fast global and central visual field (VF) progression in individuals with glaucoma under routine care.

Design: Observational study.

Participants: Six hundred ninety-three eyes of 461 individuals with glaucoma followed up over a median of 4.

Racial Differences in Detection of Glaucoma Using Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Bruch Membrane Opening Minimum Rim Width.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivities and specificities of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and Bruch membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) reference database-based criteria for detection of glaucoma in individuals of European descent (ED) and individuals of African descent (AD).

Design: Comparative diagnostic analysis by race METHODS: 382 eyes of 255 glaucoma patients (ED = 170, AD = 85) and 94 eyes of 50 healthy individuals (ED = 30, AD = 20) with global and sectoral RNFLT and BMO-MRW measured with Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) were included. Six diagnostic criteria were evaluated: global measurement below the 5th or 1st percentile, ≥1 of the 6 sector measurements below the 5th or 1st percentile, and superotemporal (ST) and/or inferotemporal (IT) measurement below the 5th or 1st percentile.