Implementation of the WHO standards to assess quality of care for children with acute pain in EDs: findings of a multicentre study (CHOICE) in Italy.

Background: There is little experience on the use of the WHO Standards for improving the quality of care (QOC) for children. We describe the use of four prioritised WHO Standard-based Quality Measures to assess the provision of care for children with pain in emergency departments (EDs).

Methods: In a multicentre observational study in 10 EDs with different characteristics in Italy, we collected data on 3355 children accessing the EDs between January 2019 and December 2020.

SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis: a multicentre international study.

Background: Bronchiolitis is the main acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Data regarding SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis are limited.

Objective: To describe the main clinical characteristics of infants with SARS-CoV-2-related bronchiolitis in comparison with infants with bronchiolitis associated with other viruses.

Impact and Sustainability of Antibiotic Stewardship in Pediatric Emergency Departments: Why Persistence Is the Key to Success.

Antibiotic stewardship programs proved to be effective in improving prescribing appropriateness. This multicenter quasi-experimental study, aimed to assesses the stewardship impact on antibiotics prescribing in different semesters from 2014 to 2019 in three pediatric emergency departments (Center A, B, and C) in Italy. All consecutive patients diagnosed with acute otitis media or pharyngitis were evaluated for inclusion.

Distraction Using Buzzy or Handheld Computers During Venipuncture.

Objectives: Venipuncture is one of the most frequently performed painful procedures in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of 2 analgesic strategies for venipuncture in children in a specific setting like a blood-drawing center.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Children with cancer: a survey on the experience of Italian primary care pediatricians.

Background: Cancer is the second cause of death in children and its diagnosis can be difficult, due to the presence of vague and non-specific symptoms. The primary care pediatrician is often involved in the diagnostic process, but no longer in child care once the treatment started. Care models involving both primary care pediatricians and oncologic referral centre highlighted a higher family satisfaction when they worked together.

Risk of hospitalisation after early-revisit in the emergency department.

Aim: Early-revisits are frequent in the paediatric emergency department (ED) setting, but few data are available about early-revisited patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the hospitalisation rate of a population of early-revisited patients and to detect if an early-revisited patient was at risk of a more severe disease.

Methods: Between June 2014 and January 2015, we conducted a retrospective cohort study, considering all patients presented to the ED of a tertiary level children's hospital in Italy.

Somatic symptom disorder was common in children and adolescents attending an emergency department complaining of pain.

Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of somatic pain in a paediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study using patients admitted to the ED of an Italian children's hospital between December 2014 and February 2015. We enrolled children aged 7-17 who turned up at the ED complaining of pain.

A quasi randomized-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of clowntherapy on children's anxiety and pain levels in emergency department.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study is to investigate if the presence of medical clowns during painful procedures in the emergency department (ED) affects children's anxiety and pain. Forty children (4-11 years) admitted to the ED with the need of painful procedures were prospectively enrolled. They were randomly assigned to the clown group, where children interacted with clowns or to the control group in which they were entertained by parents and ED nurses.

Sirolimus Therapy in Congenital Hyperinsulinism: A Successful Experience Beyond Infancy.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) due to diffuse involvement of the pancreas is a challenging and severe illness in children. Its treatment is based on chronic therapy with diazoxide and/or octreotide, followed by partial pancreatectomy, which is often not resolutive. Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, was reported to be effective in treating CHI in infants.

Galinstan thermometer is more accurate than digital for the measurement of body temperature in children.

Background: The mercury thermometer (MT) was considered the reference standard for the evaluation of body temperature; however, since April 2009, it has no longer been available in Italy.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital thermometer (DT) and galinstan thermometer (GT) in comparison with the MT.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 284 children (age, 1 month to 17 years; mean, 8.

Under pressure.

Physical urticaria is a rare but challenging subset of chronic urticaria. Wheals of pressure urticaria are typically delayed in appearance. A pressure test can easily be done to confirm the diagnosis.