Transcranial direct current stimulation plus cognitive training for cognitive symptoms in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is characterized by persistent cognitive deficits alongside anxiety and depression symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. Cognitive training (CT) programs and non-invasive neuromodulation, specifically transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have each shown promise for alleviating similar deficits in non-clinical populations. However, their combined efficacy has not yet been evaluated in PASC patients.

Enhanced cognitive outcomes with telehealth-based tDCS in multiple sclerosis: Results from a sham-controlled RCT.

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with adaptive cognitive training (aCT) may improve clinical outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of active vs.

Resting-State Activity Changes Induced by tDCS in MS Patients and Healthy Controls: A Simultaneous tDCS rs-fMRI Study.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe, well-tolerated method of non-invasively eliciting cortical neuromodulation. It has gained recent interest, especially for its positive clinical outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its simultaneous (during tDCS) and cumulative effects (following repeated tDCS sessions) on the regional brain activity during rest need further investigation, especially in MS.

Transcutaneous Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Opioid Withdrawal in Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality with limited treatment approaches. Understanding brain mechanisms in response to treatment could be useful in guiding future developments in treatment approaches.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) on brain response to opioid use cues in patients with OUD in opioid withdrawal.

Transcranial direct current stimulation over the temporal-parietal junction yields no lexical-semantic effects in logopenic primary progressive aphasia: a double-blind sham-controlled study.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has generated some promising outcomes in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). The logopenic variant (lv-PPA), one of the most frequent PPA phenotypes, erodes the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) generating impaired lexical processing, rapidly extending to semantic deficits. Positive tDCS effects have been reported in several small-cohort studies but there is need for rigorous sham-controlled double-blind investigations to substantiate, or not, beneficial effects.

Role of frequency-dependent and capacitive tissue properties in spinal cord stimulation models.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) models simulate the electric fields (-fields) generated in targeted tissues, which in turn govern physiological and then behavioral outcomes. Notwithstanding increasing sophistication and adoption in therapy optimization, SCS models typically calculate-fields using quasi-static approximation (QSA). QSA, as implemented in neuromodulation models, neglects the frequency-dependent tissue conductivity (dispersion), as well as propagation, capacitive, and inductive effects on the-field.

Repeated neuromodulation with low-intensity focused ultrasound in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundLow-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), a non-invasive targeted brain stimulation technology, has shown promise for therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Despite its potential, the implications of repeated LIFU neuromodulation in AD patients remain to be investigated.ObjectiveThis pilot study evaluated the safety and potential to improve cognition and functional connectivity following repeated LIFU treatment in AD patients.

Assessing the Effect of Automated Thermo-Mechanical Therapy on Abdominal Blood Flow With Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Thermal and mechanical tissue stimulation is widely utilized in various medical contexts, particularly to enhance local circulation, alleviate pain, and restore movement. Techniques to objectively quantify the physiological effects of these interventions support therapeutic efficacy and explain clinical benefits. Here we conducted a pilot trial to evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to provide an objective assessment of acute treatment effects in enhancing blood flow.

Computational Optimization of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Dorsal Horn Interneuron Polarization.

Objectives: The proposed mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) follow the polarization of dorsal column axons; however, the development of subparesthesia SCS has encouraged the consideration of different targets. Given their relative proximity to the stimulation electrodes and their role in pain processing (eg, synaptic processing and gate control theory), spinal cord dorsal horn interneurons may be attractive stimulation targets.

Materials And Methods: We developed a computational modeling pipeline termed "quasiuniform-mirror assumption" and applied it to predict polarization of dorsal horn interneuron cell types (islet type, central type, stellate/radial, vertical-like) to SCS.

Spinal Cord Stimulation Explantation and Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Technology Recommendations.

Background: Chronic pain affects 20.5% of the US population, costing $296 billion annually in lost productivity. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become a key treatment for refractory neuropathic and nociceptive pain, with increasing usage due to technological advancements.

Challenges and future directions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Depression: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Depression is a common and debilitating disorder affecting millions. First-line treatments fail to achieve remission in about one-third of patients, highlighting a critical treatment need. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a novel treatment for depression.

Computational modeling of neuromuscular activation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to the lower back.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) to the lower back is an established electrical therapy for acute and chronic back pain. The efficacy and mechanisms of lower back TENS depend on the penetration depth of electrical current. We compare the intensity and spatial extent (depth) of current flow in the body during TENS with varied electrode positions/shapes on the human back.

Statistical method accounts for microscopic electric field distortions around neurons when simulating activation thresholds.

Introduction: Notwithstanding advances in computational models of neuromodulation, there are mismatches between simulated and experimental activation thresholds. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex generates motor evoked potentials (MEPs). At the threshold of MEP generation, whole-head models predict macroscopic (at millimeter scale) electric fields (50-70 V/m) which are considerably below conventionally simulated cortical neuron thresholds (175-350 V/m).

Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation paired with cognitive training to reduce fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Fatigue is a common and often debilitating feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) that lacks reliably effective treatment options for most patients. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a safe and well-tolerated type of noninvasive brain stimulation, is a low-cost and home-based approach with the potential to reduce fatigue in MS. We conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial to compare active vs.

Enabling electric field model of microscopically realistic brain.

Background: Modeling brain stimulation at the microscopic scale may reveal new paradigms for various stimulation modalities.

Objective: We present the largest map to date of extracellular electric field distributions within a layer L2/L3 mouse primary visual cortex brain sample. This was enabled by the automated analysis of serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling of image defects, covering a volume of 250 × 140 × 90 μm³.

Frequency-dependent phase entrainment of cortical cell types during tACS: computational modeling evidence.

. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enables non-invasive modulation of brain activity, holding promise for clinical and research applications. Yet, it remains unclear how the stimulation frequency differentially impacts various neuron types.

Statistical method accounts for microscopic electric field distortions around neurons when simulating activation thresholds.

Introduction: Notwithstanding advances in computational models of neuromodulation, there are mismatches between simulated and experimental activation thresholds. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex generates motor evoked potentials (MEPs). At the threshold of MEP generation, whole-head models predict macroscopic (at millimeter scale) electric fields (50-70 V/m) which are considerably below conventionally simulated cortical neuron thresholds (175-350 V/m).

Hand functioning in progressive multiple sclerosis improves with tDCS added to daily exercises: A home-based randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Many individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) are challenged by reduced manual dexterity and limited rehabilitation options. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during motor training can improve rehabilitation outcomes. We developed a protocol for remotely supervising tDCS to deliver sessions of stimulation paired with training at home.

Computational Models of High-Definition Electroconvulsive Therapy for Focal or Multitargeting Treatment.

Attempts to dissociate electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) therapeutic efficacy from cognitive side effects of ECT include modifying electrode placement, but traditional electrode placements employing 2 large electrodes are inherently nonfocal, limiting the ability to selectively engage targets associated with clinical benefit while avoiding nontargets associated with adverse side effects. Limited focality represents a technical limitation of conventional ECT, and there is growing evidence that the spatial distribution of the ECT electric fields induced in the brain drives efficacy and side effects. Computational models can be used to predict brain current flow patterns for existing and novel ECT montages.