Mental Disorders and Having a First Child Among Young Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine associations between mental disorders and time to first childbirth in Finland, and whether partnership status mediates these associations.

Design: Nationwide register-based cohort study.

Setting: Primary and secondary healthcare data from Finland.

Personality and cardiovascular mortality risk: a multi-cohort analysis in individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

This study investigated the associations between personality traits of the Five Factor Model and cardiovascular mortality, with a specific focus on whether pre-existing cardiovascular conditions modified these associations. We used data from 43,027 participants across five cohort studies: Health and Retirement Study (HRS); Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS); National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP); Midlife in the United States (MIDUS); Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) with a mean age 55.9 years and 6493 individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

Reporting heterogeneity in the associations between personality and health problems: Anchoring self-reports with health vignettes.

Associations between personality and self-reported health problems may be biased by reporting heterogeneity, that is, tendency to rate the severity of the same health problem differently. This study used hypothetical health vignettes to examine the magnitude of such heterogeneity. Participants were from Health and Retirement Study (HRS;  = 3950; mean age 65 years, range from 30 to 97) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS;  = 8664; mean age 64 years, range from 34 to 87).

Temporal Associations Between Specific Depressive Symptoms and Physical Inactivity in Middle Aged and Older Adults.

Being physically inactive can worsen mental health. Physical inactivity and depression are associated, but the temporal precedence and underlying mechanism are unclear; symptoms affecting future physical activity may not be the same symptoms as those associated with and affected by it. We used large European cohort (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, SHARE, N = 124, 526) to study temporal associations between physical inactivity and individual depressive symptoms.

Obesity and risk of diseases associated with hallmarks of cellular ageing: a multicohort study.

Background: Ageing hallmarks, characterising features of cellular ageing, have a role in the pathophysiology of many age-related diseases. We examined whether obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing such hallmark-related diseases.

Methods: In this multicohort study, we included people aged 38-72 years with data on weight, height, and waist circumference measured during a clinical examination at baseline between March 13, 2006, and Oct 1, 2010, from the UK Biobank with follow-up until Nov 12, 2021.

Sociodemographic risk factors for the persistence of harmful alcohol use: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Purpose: Previous research suggests several sociodemographic risk factors for the persistence of harmful alcohol use. However, the evidence is limited due to short follow-up times, retrospective reporting and samples comprising only people with alcohol dependence. We pooled data from six prospective cohort studies to systematically evaluate whether the sociodemographic risk factors differ between the incidence and persistence of harmful alcohol use.

Impact of physical and sexual abuse on risk of hospitalisations for physical and mental illnesses: insights from two large prospective cohort studies.

Background: Physical abuse can lead to severe health consequences that extend beyond immediate harm. We explored the associations of physical abuse experienced during childhood and adulthood with a wide range of adult health conditions requiring hospital treatment.

Methods: We utilised data from a sub-cohort of 157,366 UK Biobank participants (46.

Physical activity and specific symptoms of depression: A pooled analysis of six cohort studies.

Background: The association between physical activity (PA) and depression is well-established, but the details that explain this association remain elusive. We examined whether PA is differentially associated with specific symptoms of depression (e.g.

Loneliness and cognitive function in older adults: Longitudinal analysis in 15 countries.

This study aims to evaluate the directionality of the association between loneliness and cognitive performance in older adults, accounting for confounding factors. Data were from 55,662 adults aged ≥ 50 years who participated in Waves 5-8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Loneliness was assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) and with a one-item direct question.

Associations between early family environment and ideal number of children.

Childhood family is vital for the formation of fertility preferences and attitudes towards family life. Yet previous studies mainly focused on structural aspects of the family, whereas the role of perceptions of one's family in relation to fertility preferences remained largely understudied. This study examined how different aspects of the early family environment (i.

Health trajectories of individuals who quit active religious attendance: analysis of four prospective cohort studies in the United States.

Purpose: To examine whether trajectories of health (depressive symptoms, psychological wellbeing, self-rated health, and body mass index) and health behaviors (smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and cannabis use) changed for individuals who first reported at least monthly religious attendance and then in subsequent study waves reported no active religious attendance.

Methods: Data were from four cohort studies from the United States collected between 1996 and 2018: National Longitudinal Survey of 1997 (NLSY1997); National Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults (NLSY-YA); Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID-TA); and Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with a total n = 6592 individuals and 37,743 person-observations.

Results: None of the 10-year trajectories of health or health behaviors changed for the worse after the change from active to inactive religious attendance.

Obesity as a causal risk factor for depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian Randomization studies and implications for population mental health.

Background/objectives: Obesity has been associated with elevated risk of depression. If this association is causal, the increasing obesity prevalence might lead to worsening population mental health, but the strength of the causal effect has not been systematically evaluated.

Subjects/methods: The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining associations between body mass index and depression using Mendelian randomization with multiple genetic variants as instruments for body mass index.

Association Between Depression and Physical Conditions Requiring Hospitalization.

Importance: Depression is associated with an increased risk of physical illness, but the most common causes of hospitalization among people with depression are unclear.

Objective: To examine the association of depression with an array of physical conditions requiring hospital treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this outcomewide prospective multicohort study, primary analysis was based on data from the UK Biobank, a population-based study in the United Kingdom.

Predicting work disability among people with chronic conditions: a prospective cohort study.

Few risk prediction scores are available to identify people at increased risk of work disability, particularly for those with an existing morbidity. We examined the predictive performance of disability risk scores for employees with chronic disease. We used prospective data from 88,521 employed participants (mean age 43.

Associations between specific depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning in psychotherapy.

Background: Psychotherapy for depression aims to reduce symptoms and to improve psychosocial functioning. We examined whether some symptoms are more important than others in the association between depression and functioning over the course of psychotherapy treatment.

Methods: We studied associations between specific symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and change in social and occupational functioning (SOFAS), both with structural equation models (considering liabilities of depression and each specific symptom) and with logistic regression models (considering the risk for individual patients).

A measure for assessment of beneficial and harmful fortitude: development and initial validation of the Sisu Scale.

Sisu is a Finnish cultural concept that denotes determination and resoluteness in the face of adversity. We propose that sisu will supplement the English-language based research on mental fortitude traits. Sisu has not been the focus of systematic research until very recently.

Overweight, obesity, and individual symptoms of depression: A multicohort study with replication in UK Biobank.

Objectives: Obesity is associated with increased risk of depression, but the extent to which this association is symptom-specific is unknown. We examined the associations of overweight and obesity with individual depressive symptoms.

Methods: We pooled data from 15 population-based cohorts comprising 57,532 individuals aged 18 to 100 years at study entry.

Changing associations between socioeconomic status and self-reported discrimination from the 1990s to the 2010s in the United States.

We examined whether prevalence of social class discrimination-and its association with psychological distress-has changed between 1990s and 2010s in the United States. Data were from the original Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study with data collections in 1995-1996 (n = 2931) and 2004-2005 (n = 1708), and the new MIDUS Refresher sample from 2011 to 2014 (n = 2543). Socioeconomic status (SES) became more strongly associated with self-rated discrimination over time, with individuals with the lowest SES experiencing more discrimination (B = 0.

Association between alexithymia and substance use: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alexithymia has been associated with substance use, but the magnitude of the association has not been evaluated and sub-group differences, if any, are unknown. The aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically review the association between alexithymia and substance use (alcohol or illicit drugs). We identified studies through a systematic review of PubMed and Web of Science and obtained a total of 52 publications using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 scale.

Body-mass index and risk of obesity-related complex multimorbidity: an observational multicohort study.

Background: The accumulation of disparate diseases in complex multimorbidity makes prevention difficult if each disease is targeted separately. We aimed to examine obesity as a shared risk factor for common diseases, determine associations between obesity-related diseases, and examine the role of obesity in the development of complex multimorbidity (four or more comorbid diseases).

Methods: We did an observational study and used pooled prospective data from two Finnish cohort studies (the Health and Social Support Study and the Finnish Public Sector Study) comprising 114 657 adults aged 16-78 years at study entry (1998-2013).

Poor respiratory health outcomes associated with high illness worry and alexithymia: Eleven-year prospective cohort study among the working-age population.

Objective: Poor respiratory health outcomes have been associated with poorer physical health and higher psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether illness worry, alexithymia or low sense of coherence predict i) the onset of new respiratory disease, ii) respiratory symptoms or iii) lung function among the working-age population, independently of comorbidity mood-, anxiety, or alcohol abuse disorders.

Methods: The study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of the Finnish population (BRIF8901) aged 30-54 years (N = 2310) in 2000-2001 and was followed up in 2011.

Antidepressant use among immigrants with depressive disorder living in Finland: A register-based study.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine differences in the initiation and discontinuation of antidepressants between immigrants and the Finnish-born population diagnosed with depression in specialized health care.

Methods: The study utilized register-based data, which includes all immigrants living in Finland at the end of 2010 and matched Finnish-born controls. For this study, we selected individuals who had received a diagnosis of depression during 2011-2014 (immigrants n = 2244, Finnish-born n = 2773).

Religiosity, Psychological Distress, and Well-Being: Evaluating Familial Confounding With Multicohort Sibling Data.

Several studies have associated religiosity with better mental health, but these studies have only partially addressed the problem of confounding. The present study pooled data from multiple cohort studies with siblings to examine whether associations between religiosity and mental health are confounded by familial factors (i.e.