Comparative characterization of bronchial and nasal mucus reveals key determinants of influenza A virus inhibition.

Differentiated primary human respiratory epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface have become a widely used cell culture model of the human conducting airways. These cultures contain secretory cells such as goblet and club cells, which produce and secrete mucus. Here, we characterize the composition of mucus harvested from airway cultures of nasal and bronchial origin.

Influence of Relative Humidity and Seed Particles on Molecular Composition of α‑Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a major component of submicrometer particles, is critical to the climate and human health. SOA can form through nucleation of low-volatility organic compounds, following atmospheric oxidation, or by condensing these vapors onto existing particles. In either of these cases, the formation of SOA particles could be affected by atmospheric conditions (e.

Real-World Single-Center Experience with Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Durvalumab in Borderline Resectable Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and durvalumab (GCD) have previously demonstrated favorable outcomes in advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), leading to their approval as first-line therapy. This study evaluates the feasibility of GCD for borderline resectable CCA in the neoadjuvant setting.

Patients And Methods: Patients with borderline resectable CCA receiving neoadjuvant GCD between April 2022 and July 2024 were included.

Conversion to Resection After Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Nab-Paclitaxel for Borderline Resectable CCA: A Real-World Exploratory Analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant triplet therapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel (GAP) for patients with borderline resectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Given the surgical complexity associated with borderline resectable disease, the study sought to explore whether GAP could serve as a suitable neoadjuvant regimen to enable conversion to resection and improve prognosis in this high-risk setting.

Methods: The study enrolled patients with borderline resectable CCA receiving neoadjuvant GAP between July 2019 and February 2024.

Surprising Crystallinity of Biomass Burning Secondary Organic Aerosol from Catechol and Nitrate Radical Reactions: Evidence and Possible Implications.

Biomass burning events, including wildfires, emit large amounts of phenolic compounds such as catechol. These compounds can react with nitrate radicals (NO), a key nighttime oxidant, to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Although SOA is traditionally assumed to be noncrystalline, we present surprising evidence from X-ray diffraction that SOA formed from catechol + NO in an atmospheric simulation chamber contains crystalline material.

Photochemistry of iron-containing secondary organic aerosol is impacted by relative humidity during formation.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) comprises most of the submicron atmospheric particle mass, and often becomes internally mixed with other particles. When SOA mixes with transition metal (e.g.

Liver resection following neoadjuvant immunotherapy: a single center retrospective study.

Liver resection remains an important treatment approach in both primary and metastatic liver malignancies. However, the impact of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy on surgical outcomes remains incompletely explored. This study aimed to evaluate safety and surgical and oncological outcomes of liver resections after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Preoperative von Willebrand factor is an independent predictive biomarker for post-hepatectomy liver failure-A multivariable model with APRI+ALBI.

Portal hypertension is a key factor in posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). While preoperative liver function tests like APRI+ALBI assess liver function, they only partially reflect portal hypertension severity. Elevated von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF-Ag) indicates endothelial dysregulation and correlates with portal hypertension.

Cause of death after cytoreductive hepatectomy for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases: a single center retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Over the past three decades, overall survival for neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLM) has improved. However, the slow-growing nature of well-differentiated NETLM necessitates understanding and characterization of tumor-related causes of death. Examining long-term outcomes following cytoreductive hepatectomy for NETLM, we aimed to determine how many patients die from their NETs (tumor related death - TRD) versus other causes (non-tumor related death - NTRD).

MicroRNA based Prediction of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure and Mortality Outperforms Established Markers of Preoperative Risk Assessment.

Background: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) continues to be the most significant factor-determining outcome after hepatic resection, accounting for nearly half of postoperative mortality. In this study, we evaluated whether a newly developed commercially available test measuring circulating microRNAs (miRs) could predict PHLF and compared it with other established liver function tests.

Patients And Methods: A total of 329 patients undergoing liver resection were included and postoperative outcome was assessed.

Concluding remarks: Atmospheric chemistry in cold environments.

Atmospheric chemistry in cold environments refers to key chemical processes occurring in Earth's atmosphere in locations relevant for society including the polar areas, the free and upper troposphere, and the stratosphere. Atmospheric chemistry in these areas is relevant for local air quality, ecosystem health, regional and global climate. This comprised excellent coverage of these areas in terms of longitude and latitude, altitude and temperature.

Long-term outcome of cytoreductive hepatectomy in metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasia G3: A single center retrospective analysis.

Background: Cytoreductive hepatectomy for liver metastases from G3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETLM) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECLM) remains an issue of controversy, with guidelines recommending surgery for limited metastatic burden from NET G3 and systemic therapy for NEC. We assessed surgical and oncologic outcomes after hepatectomy, and factors associated with overall survival (OS).

Methods: Patients undergoing liver resections for G3 NETLM (n = 27) and NECLM (n = 15) between January 2000 to December 2020 were compared, stratified for median OS and opposed to G1 (n = 75) and G2 NETLM (n = 120).

Photochemical Degradation of Iron Citrate in Anoxic Viscous Films Enhanced by Redox Cascades.

Iron contained in atmospheric aerosol particles can form complexes with organic ligands and initiate photochemical reactions that alter the composition and physicochemical properties of the particles. Depending on the temperature and humidity, organic particles exist in different phase states, which affects reactant diffusivity and chemical reaction rates. We performed coated-wall flow-tube experiments using citric acid films doped with iron as proxies for secondary organic aerosols.

Soluble TREM2 reflects liver fibrosis status and predicts postoperative liver dysfunction after liver surgery.

Background & Aims: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-expressing macrophages and systemic levels of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) appear critical in the development of chronic liver disease (CLD) and seem relevant in its detection. The aim of this study was to examine sTREM2 as a marker for early CLD and its potential to predict posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy.

Methods: sTREM2 was assessed in the plasma of 108 patients undergoing liver resection.

Influence of Surfactants with Differently Charged Headgroups on the Surface Propensity of Bromide.

Halide ions in oceans and sea-spray aerosol particles are an important source of reactive halogen species in the atmosphere that impact the ozone budget and radiative balance. The multiphase cycling of halogen species is linked to the abundance of halide ions at the aqueous solution-air interface. Ubiquitously present surface-active organic compounds may affect the interfacial abundance of halide ions.

Uptake of ammonia by ice surfaces at atmospheric temperatures.

We present an ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of the adsorption of ammonia on ice over the temperature range -23 °C to -50 °C. Previous flow tube studies have shown significant uptake of ammonia to ice at these temperatures, which was linked to the incorporation of ammonium into the ice crystal lattice. Our present investigation shows a significant uptake of ammonia to the ice interface, with ammonia concentrations exceeding those measured in past studies for the case of bulk snow and ice.

Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties.

Stratospheric aerosol injection could mitigate harmful effects of global warming, but could have undesirable side effects, such as warming the stratosphere and depleting the ozone layer. We explore the potential benefits of solid alumina and calcite particles as alternatives to sulfate aerosols by using an experimentally informed aerosol-chemistry-climate model. Compared to sulfur dioxide, injection of solids reduces stratospheric warming by up to 70% and diffuse radiation by up to 40%, highlighting their potential benefits.

Plasma GLP-1 and metabolic dynamics during human liver regeneration and their association with posthepatectomy liver failure.

Background: Metabolic regulation is critical during liver regeneration in rodents, but human data are limited. We investigated perioperative dynamics of circulating metabolites and plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2, in patients undergoing liver resections, exploring their associations with the histological phenotype of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).

Methods: Eighty-one and 75 patients from two centers between 2012 and 2023 were studied.

Iodine Activation from Iodate Reduction in Aqueous Films via Photocatalyzed and Dark Reactions.

Iodine in the atmosphere destroys ozone and can nucleate particles by formation of iodic acid, HIO. Recent field observations suggest iodate recycles from particles sustaining significant gas-phase IO radical concentrations (0.06 pptv) in aged stratospheric air, and in elevated dust plumes.

Multiphase Chemistry in the Atmosphere.

Earth's atmosphere comprises a complex mix of gas and condensed phases, where condensed phases facilitate multiphase chemical reactions that would not occur in the gas phase alone. These reactions drive dynamic physical and chemical processes across various spatial and temporal scales, playing a crucial role in the cycling of atmospheric trace constituents. Multiphase chemistry significantly influences geochemical cycles, human health, and climate.