A Mediterranean Diet-Based Food Mix Ameliorates Diabetes- and Obesity-Associated Liver Alterations Through Mitochondrial and Metabolic Reprogramming.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, are among the leading causes of liver damage, and their prevalence poses an increasing clinical challenge. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown promising effects in managing MetS, reducing mortality and morbidity. However, the precise biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the MD efficacy remain unclear.

Membrane Partition and Structural Reorganization Induced by Antipsychotics with Distinct Clinical Profiles.

Antipsychotics (APs) are used in the treatment of severe mental disorders. Their mechanism of action involves interaction with multiple brain targets, notably the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), where they compete with dopamine. Due to their lipophilic nature, APs also partition and accumulate in lipid membranes, particularly around the D2R and in synaptic vesicles.

Sugar Estimation as an Alternative and Rapid Approach to Predicting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in Produce Wash Water.

Monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD) during washing of fresh produce is critical to maintaining the antimicrobial efficacy of sanitizers. However, traditional COD analysis is time-consuming (2-3 h) and costly. Since sugars released from fresh produce contribute to the overall COD, we investigated whether sugar estimation using the colorimetric sulfuric acid-UV spectrometry method (SA-UV method) can be a rapid, low-cost, and field-deployable method to predict the COD.

Dominant end-tunneling effect in two distinct Luttinger liquids coexisting in one quantum wire.

Luttinger liquids occupy a notable place in physics as one of the most understood classes of quantum many-body systems. The experimental mission of measuring its main prediction, power laws in observable quantities, has already produced a body of exponents in different semiconductor and metallic structures. Here, we combine tunneling spectroscopy with density-dependent transport measurements in the same quantum wires over more than two orders of magnitude in temperature to very low electron temperatures down to ∼40 mK.

Green Extract from Pre-Harvest Tobacco Waste as a Non-Conventional Source of Anti-Aging Ingredients for Cosmetic Applications.

The cigarette production from generates significant amounts of waste, with an estimated 68.31 million tons of pre- and post-harvest waste discarded annually. The pre-harvest waste includes the upper parts of the plant, inflorescences, and bracts, which are removed to help the growth of the lower leaves.

Use of Coiled-Coil Affinity Peptides to Manufacture Antibody Conjugates.

Antibody-drug conjugates are revolutionizing cancer treatment. However, their manufacturing still requires improvements in conjugation technology, especially for the control of the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). Here, we investigate the use of the de novo designed coiled-coil heterodimer, composed of the Ecoil and Kcoil peptides, as a new strategy for generating antibody conjugates with high homogeneity and a controllable DAR.

Diffuse gliomas: insights into clinical and histopathological features and survival rates from two centers in a middle-income country.

Introduction: Gliomas are believed to arise from neuroglial stem cells and are histologically classified based on morphological similarities to normal neuroglial cells. This study aims to describe the clinical, histopathological, and demographic features of glioma patients treated in two reference centers in Colombia.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included all patients with a histologically confirmed glioma treated at two institutions in Bogotá, Colombia, between January 2015 and December 2023.

Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium expressing chimeric antigen from Leptospira as a recombinant vaccine candidate against leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Attenuated Salmonella strains represent a promising vector for the development of safe and effective vaccines capable of eliciting a specific immune response. A chimeric Leptospira antigen (rQ1), previously described and based on the gene sequences of lipL32, lemA, and ligAni, was cloned into the pTECH2 vector for antigen expression in Salmonella Typhimurium LVR01.

Efficacy of neurofeedback in the treatment of Dyslexia: a systematic review.

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs the learning and proficiency of reading and writing processes, persisting throughout the individual's life. Most interventions are educational in nature, but studies published over the last decade suggest that Neurofeedback may serve as a substantial complement to improving reading skills. The primary objective was to analyze the efficacy of various protocols used within Neurofeedback techniques for the treatment of reading impairments.

KRAS Mutation Status in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Distribution Across Occupational Categories.

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with occupational carcinogen exposure contributing significantly to its etiology. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unexplored.

Research Question: Does occupational exposure to specific carcinogens influence the molecular profile of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?

Study Design And Methods: A total of 302 patients with metastatic NSCLC without activating EGFR/ALK mutations were included, all of whom provided detailed occupational histories.

Impact of three different interventions designed to improve the implementation of an opt-in targeted strategy of HIV testing in emergency departments.

Objectives: Undiagnosed HIV infection remains the main driver of new HIV cases in Western countries. Emergency Departments (EDs) offer a key opportunity for detection. In 2020, Spanish emergency and infectious diseases societies recommended an opt-in strategy for targeted conditions for HIV testing in EDs.

Revealing Developmental Transitions in Perinatal and Infant Individuals Through Microanatomical Analysis.

Objectives: Identifying signs of birth in perinatal human remains of past populations is challenging due to the lack of direct markers of this event on bones. This research aims to identify distinct events in humeral cross-sections microanatomy related to perinatal development and to integrate the findings into infant mortality trends.

Material And Methods: The sample consists of infants (N = 106) ranging from prenatal to 1.

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Introducción: la categoría de los Trastornos neurocognitivos (TNC), también llamados Demencias, incluye a aquellos trastornos en los que el déficit clínico principal es la falla en una o más funciones cognitivas y que son adquiridos. La Demencia de Inicio Temprano (DIT) se define como un TNC mayor que comienza antes de los 65 años, con diversas causas etiológicas y un impacto significativo en los costos de salud y calidad de vida familiar. Los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, como la depresión y la ansiedad, pueden ser causas no neurodegenerativas de deterioro y quejas cognitivas.

Long-term follow-up reveals non-utility of nonsurgical management in moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the outcomes of conservative management of moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), focusing on long-term curve behavior, surgical rates, patient-reported outcomes, and the influence of follow-up duration. A comprehensive literature search was conducted adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. Statistical analyses, using Review Manager, encompassed mean differences, risk ratios, pooled incidences, and random-effects models.

Humoral and cellular immune responses in cattle upon vaccination and challenge.

Introduction: is the causative agent of blackleg, a severe disease in cattle. Vaccination reduces disease incidence but the immune mechanisms that underlie vaccine-induced protection remain poorly understood, particularly the role of cellular immunity. In this study we characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a polyclostridial vaccine and assessed their correlation with protection against a challenge.

Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Biological Characterization of Peel, Pulp, and Seed Powder from the Fruits of and : Potential as a Functional Ingredient.

Job. (common name "mikuna") and O.R.

Tracing antibiotics in sewers: Concentrations, measurement techniques, and mathematical approaches.

Antibiotic contamination in sewer networks has significant environmental and health concerns worldwide, primarily due to its role in promoting bacterial resistance. In this literature review, antibiotic concentrations reported in urban sewers and hospital effluents, techniques for antimicrobial compound detection and quantification, and current modeling strategies are analyzed and discussed based on 91 papers published between 2014 and 2024. One-hundred and nine antibiotic compounds were reported across 80 studies, with sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides being the most frequently detected classes, while amphenicols and aminocyclitols were the least monitored.

LVR01 triggers antagonistic two-armed innate immune memory that impacts on antitumor efficacy.

The current understanding of innate immune memory encompasses both trained immunity and immune tolerance, where cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness or immune paralysis upon subsequent stimuli, respectively. Various agents induce either of these responses, including β-glucan, , BCG and LPS. BCG is a clinically approved immunotherapy for bladder cancer and BCG-induced trained immunity is important in driving anti-tumor adaptive immunity.

The central benefit of physiologically induced ketogenic states.

Ketones not only act as metabolic fuel for the brain in periods of carbohydrate shortage, but also serve as signalling molecules that improve cognition. Ketogenic states can be induced peripherally by physiological interventions such as fasting and exercise, or ketogenic diets/exogenous supplementation. These interventions beneficially act on the brain through partially overlapping peripheral metabolic pathways.

Comprehensive molecular profiling of advanced NSCLC using NGS: Prevalence of druggable mutations and clinical trial opportunities in the ATLAS study.

Background: In Spain, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is currently available in a limited number of specialized centers and remains inaccessible to a significant proportion of patients. The ATLAS study aims to explore the tumor molecular profile beyond known EGFR mutations and ALK translocations using NGS on tumor biopsy samples.

Methods: Patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations or ALK translocations were excluded.

Preclinical Animal Models to Investigate the Role of Na1.7 Ion Channels in Pain.

Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major global healthcare problem. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nas) are major drivers of the excitability of sensory neurons, and the Na subtype 1.7 (Na1.

Disentangling the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on a highly diverse European wildlife.

Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the main threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem services. While the effects of habitat loss on fauna are mostly negative, the responses of animals to fragmentation are varied. The frequency of negative impacts of both processes ultimately depends on taxonomic and functional diversity, the different landscape metrics, and the biological responses considered (e.

Nutritional and Functional Characterization of Flour from Seeds of Chañar () to Promote Its Sustainable Use.

(Gill. ex Hook. & Arn) Burk.

Passive Transport across Cell Membranes beyond the Overton Rule: Insights from Solute Exchange in Vesicles and Molecular Dynamics of Atropisomers.

Bioavailability of a drug is critically dependent on its cell membrane permeability. Empirical rules guiding drug design consolidated the dogma that large molecules cannot cross cell membranes by passive diffusion. However, the more amphiphilic atropisomers of redaporfin, an 1135 Da bacteriochlorin photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy, exhibited fast cell uptake and high photodynamic activity .

Interaction of the Antibiotic Rifampicin with Lipid Membranes.

Rifampicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, active against several bacterial infections such as tuberculosis. It is a relatively large and structurally complex molecule, including numerous polar groups. Although violating several of Lipinski's rules for efficient intestinal absorption, rifampicin shows good oral bioavailability, permeating through cell membranes in the absorption pathway and those of the target organisms.