Impact of energetic-anthropometric features on 50-m and 100-m freestyle kinematic indices in young male swimmers.

: The determinants of the sports results of young and adult swimmers differ, especially in sprint races (50-100 m). Their identification can be used to assess the athlete's potential and to set appropriate requirements. The aim was to distinguish energy-anthropometric profiles (clusters) among young athletes and to characterize their kinematic indices in freestyle sprint races (50-100 m).

Underwater and surface tethered swimming, lower limb strength, and somatic traits as the basic indices of young swimmers' sprint performance.

: The ability to swim fast underwater is believed to be connected to lower limb strength and some somatic traits. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate strength and speed parameters based on the relationship between the strength of underwater dolphin kicks and the countermovement jump test () among adolescent swimmers. : 48 adolescent male swimmers (13.

Acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplement on anaerobic performance in untrained men: a randomized, crossover, single blind study.

Background: Multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplements (MIPS), which are combinations of different ingredients acting on different physiological mechanisms, can have a synergistic effect and improve performance. The aim of the study was to determine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement containing: beta-alanine, taurine, caffeine, L-tyrosine, and cayenne pepper (capsaicin) on anaerobic performance.

Methods: A randomized, crossover, single-blind study was designed.

Nonlinear Analysis of the Hand and Foot Force-Time Profiles in the Four Competitive Swimming Strokes.

Human locomotion on water depends on the force produced by the swimmer to propel the body forward. Performance of highly complex motor tasks like swimming can yield minor variations that only nonlinear analysis can be sensitive enough to detect. The purpose of the present study was to examine the nonlinear properties of the hand/feet forces and describe their variations across the four competitive swimming strokes performing segmental and full-body swimming.

Oxygen uptake kinetics and biological age in relation to pulling force and 400-m front crawl performance in young swimmers.

The study aimed to assess differences in the biological age () of 13-year-old swimmers and show their ability, as biologically younger- or older-, to develop fast 60-s oxygen uptake () kinetics and tethered swimming strength. Furthermore, the interplay between swimming strength, , and 400-m front crawl race performance was examined. The study involved 36 competitive young male swimmers (metrical age: 12.

kinetics and tethered strength influence the 200-m front crawl stroke kinematics and speed in young male swimmers.

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the fast component of oxygen consumption developed in 1-min and force indices both measured in tethered swimming test and to assess the influence of the gathered indices on speed and swimming kinematics in 200-m front crawl race. Forty-eight male swimmers (aged 13.5 ± 0.

Body composition and anthropometrics of young male swimmers in relation to the tethered swimming and kinematics of 100-m front crawl race.

Background: The aim was to analyze the relationship of body mass and predicted muscle mass of body segments on swimming kinematics and tethered swimming indices, and further assess the influence of those indices on 100-m front crawl performance of adolescent male swimmers.

Methods: In 19 volunteer swimmers (age: 13.5±0.

Acute Effect of Caffeine-Based Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Reactive Agility and Jump Height in Recreational Handball Players.

Pre-exercise caffeine and guarana-based multi-ingredient supplement (MS) consumption may be more effective for physical performance improvement than caffeine and guarana alone due to the synergistic effect of biologically active ingredients in multi-ingredient supplements. This study aimed to examine the acute effect of MS on the reactive agility and jump performance in recreational handball male players. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study involved twenty-four male handball players (body mass 74.

Correlations between Crawl Kinematics and Speed with Morphologic, Functional, and Anaerobic Parameters in Competitive Swimmers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a unique complex of predictors and 100 m front crawl race kinematics and swimming speed. In 28 male competitive swimmers (age: 19.6 ± 2.

Study of talented young male swimmers - scientific approach to the kinematic and physiological predictors of 400-m front crawl race.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of physiological and kinematic predictors on 400-m front crawl race in young male swimmers and to consider the interrelation between them.

Methods: Nineteen male swimmers took part in this study (age: 13.5 ± 0.

Time-of-Day Effects on Anaerobic Power and Concentration of Selected Hormones in Blind Men.

Knowledge of the circadian rhythm of the blind person and diurnal changes in anaerobic power and hormones concentration can create the possibility of individualising physical training. The aim of the study was to examine the time-of-day effects on anaerobic performance and the concentration of selected hormones. The measurements were performed at two different times of the day (10:00 a.

Biological Age in Relation to Somatic, Physiological, and Swimming Kinematic Indices as Predictors of 100 m Front Crawl Performance in Young Female Swimmers.

Background: Some swimmers reach high performance level at a relatively young age. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between adolescent female swimmers' 100 m front crawl race (Vtotal100) and several anthropometry, body composition, and physiological and specific strength indices.

Methods: Nineteen adolescent female swimmers were examined for biological age () and body composition.

Specific and Holistic Predictors of Sprint Front Crawl Swimming Performance.

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of selected water- and dry-land predictors of 50-m front crawl performance among 27 male swimmers aged 19.3 ± 2.67 years.

Effects of Short-Term Plyometric Training on Agility, Jump and Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Soccer Players.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of short-term (4 weeks, twice a week: 8 sessions) plyometric training on agility, jump, and repeated sprint performance in female soccer players. The study comprised 17 females performing this sports discipline. The players were randomly divided into two groups: with plyometric training (PLY) and the control (CON).

Body composition and specific and general strength indices as predictors of 100-m front crawl performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of body composition on the anaerobic ability to generate strength and power produced separately by upper and lower limbs during dry-land and in-water (propulsion force) tests. Further examination included the influence of all gathered anaerobic strength indices on the results of 100-m front crawl race.

Methods: The study involved 26 male swimmers (age: 19.

Butterfly Sprint Swimming Technique, Analysis of Somatic and Spatial-Temporal Coordination Variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate somatic properties and force production of leg extensor muscles measured in the countermovement jump test (CMJ), as well as to analyse kinematic variables of sprint surface butterfly swimming. Thirty-four male competitive swimmers were recruited with an average age of 19.3 ± 1.

Influence of Morphology and Strength on Front Crawl Swimming Speed in Junior and Youth Age-Group Swimmers.

Strzała, M, Stanula, A, Krężałek, P, Ostrowski, A, Kaca, M, and Głąb, G. Influence of morphology and strength on front crawl swimming speed in junior and youth age-group swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2836-2845, 2019-This study, conducted in 2 male age groups, was aimed at analyzing the influence of body properties, dry-land strength and swimming strength on 50-m crawl (VCrawl).

Propulsive limb coordination and body acceleration in sprint breaststroke swimming.

Background: This work aimed at examining how coordination and kinematic indices interplay with swimming performance measured by average speed in 50 m all-out test.

Methods: The group of 34 male competitive swimmers (19.1±1.

Shaping physiological indices, swimming technique, and their influence on 200m breaststroke race in young swimmers.

The aim of this study was to investigate somatic properties and physiological capacity, and analyze kinematic parameters in the 200 m breaststroke swimming race. Twenty-seven male swimmers participated in the study. They were 15.

Coordination and propulsion and non-propulsion phases in 100 meter breaststroke swimming.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination, propulsion and non-propulsion phases in the 100 meter breaststroke race.

Methods: Twenty-seven male swimmers (15.7 ± 1.

Intra-cyclic phases of arm-leg movement and index of coordination in relation to sprint breaststroke swimming in young swimmers.

Despite the limitations set by FINA regulations, execution technique in breaststroke swimming is being improved thanks to more and more advanced analyses of the efficiency of the swimmer's movements. The aim of this study was to detect the parameters of the time structure of the cycle correlated with the maximal swimming speed at the of 50 meters distance, in order to focus to specific technical aspects in the breaststroke training. In the group of 23 participants, between the age of 15.

The role of training in the development of adaptive mechanisms in freedivers.

Freediving is a sport in which athletes aim to achieve the longest or the deepest breath-hold dive. Divers are at risk of gradually increasing hypoxia and hypercapnia due to a long time spent underwater and additionally of increasing hyperoxia while depth diving. Exceeding the limits of hypoxia endurance leads to loss of consciousness or even to death whithout immediate first aid.

Swimming speed of the breaststroke kick.

The breaststroke kick is responsible for a considerable portion of the forward propulsion in breaststroke swimming. The aim of this study was to measure selected anthropometric variables and functional properties of a swimmer's body: length of body parts; functional range of motion in the leg joints and anaerobic power of the lower limbs. Chosen kinematic variables useful in the evaluation of swimming performance in the breaststroke kick were evaluated.

The development and prediction of athletic performance in freestyle swimming.

This paper analyses the dynamics of changes between the performances of elite freestyle swimmers recorded at particular Olympic Games. It also uses a set of chronologically ordered results to predict probable times of swimmers at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. The analysis of past performances of freestyle swimmers and their prediction have revealed a number of interesting tendencies within separately examined results of men and women.

Altitude training and its influence on physical endurance in swimmers.

It is possible to plan an altitude training (AT) period in such a way that the enhanced physical endurance obtained as a result of adaptation to hypoxia will appear and can be used to improve performance in competition. Yet finding rationales for usage of AT in highly trained swimmers is problematic. In practice AT, in its various forms, is still controversial, and an objective review of research concentrating on the advantages and disadvantages of AT has been presented in several scientific publications, including in no small part the observations of swimmers.