Maintenance DNA methylation is required for induced regulatory T cell reparative function following viral pneumonia.

FOXP3+ natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) promote resolution of inflammation and repair of epithelial damage following viral pneumonia-induced lung injury, thus representing a cellular therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Whether in vitro induced Tregs (iTregs), which can be rapidly generated in substantial numbers from conventional T cells, also promote lung recovery is unknown. nTregs require specific DNA methylation patterns maintained by the epigenetic regulator, ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1).

Ileal Predominance in Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Increased Intestinal Surgery and Biological Therapy Use, With Lower Treatment Persistence.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) varies by location, potentially affecting therapy efficacy and surgery risk, although research on this topic is conflicting. This study aims to investigate the independent association between CD location and therapeutic patterns.

Methods: We analyzed patients with CD diagnosed from January 2005 to May 2023 registered in the nationwide ENEIDA registry.

Metadata for Data dIscoverability aNd Study rEplicability in obseRVAtional Studies (MINERVA): Development and Pilot of a Metadata List and Catalogue in Europe.

Purpose: Metadata for data dIscoverability aNd study rEplicability in obseRVAtional studies (MINERVA), a European Medicines Agency-funded project (EUPAS39322), defined a set of metadata to describe real-world data sources (RWDSs) and piloted metadata collection in a prototype catalogue to assist investigators from data source discoverability through study conduct.

Methods: A list of metadata was created from a review of existing metadata catalogues and recommendations, structured interviews, a stakeholder survey, and a technical workshop. The prototype was designed to comply with the FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable), using MOLGENIS software.

Disaggregation of canopy photosynthesis among tree species in a mixed broadleaf forest.

Carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere is commonly assessed using the eddy covariance method. Its net flux signal can be decomposed into gross primary production and ecosystem respiration components, but these have seldom been tested against independent methods. In addition, eddy covariance lacks the ability to partition carbon sequestration among individual trees or species within mixed forests.

The immunomodulatory effect of oral NaHCO is mediated by the splenic nerve: multivariate impact revealed by artificial neural networks.

Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy for treating systemic inflammatory disorders. Recent studies suggest oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) as a potential activator of the IR, offering a safe and cost-effective treatment approach. However, the mechanisms underlying NaHCO-induced anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear.

The mitochondrial inhibitor IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit and protects cancer cells from apoptosis.

The mitochondrial protein IF1 binds to the catalytic domain of the ATP synthase and inhibits ATP hydrolysis in ischemic tissues. Moreover, IF1 is overexpressed in many tumors and has been shown to act as a pro-oncogenic protein, although its mechanism of action is still debated. Here, we show that ATP5IF1 gene disruption in HeLa cells decreases colony formation in soft agar and tumor mass development in xenografts, underlining the role of IF1 in cancer.

Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Isolation and Distress Among People with Gastrointestinal Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to explore the association between perceived isolation and symptoms of distress in people with GI disorders at the time of the pandemic; and to examine factors which moderate this relationship. This online cross-sectional survey was advertised in May-September 2020 via patient organisations and associated social media. Overall, 831 people (82% female, mean age 49 years) from 27 countries participated.

An auxin-mediated regulatory framework for wound-induced adventitious root formation in tomato shoot explants.

Adventitious roots (ARs) are produced from non-root tissues in response to different environmental signals, such as abiotic stresses, or after wounding, in a complex developmental process that requires hormonal crosstalk. Here, we characterized AR formation in young seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Micro-Tom' after whole root excision by means of physiological, genetic and molecular approaches.

The role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cancer.

The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is essential for oxidative phosphorylation under physiological conditions. In this review, we analyse the enzyme functions involved in cancer progression by dissecting specific conditions in which ATP synthase contributes to cancer development or metastasis. Moreover, we propose the role of ATP synthase in the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) as an additional mechanism which controls tumour cell death.

Bacillus subtilis, an ideal probiotic bacterium to shrimp and fish aquaculture that increase feed digestibility, prevent microbial diseases, and avoid water pollution.

Beneficial microorganisms maintain the ecosystems, plants, animals and humans working in healthy conditions. In nature, around 95% of all microorganisms produce beneficial effects by increasing nutrients digestion and assimilation, preventing pathogens development and by improving environmental parameters. However, increase in human population and indiscriminate uses of antibiotics have been exerting a great pressure on agriculture, livestock, aquaculture, and also to the environment.

Integration of Phenotype and Hormone Data during Adventitious Rooting in Carnation ( L.) Stem Cuttings.

The rooting of stem cuttings is a highly efficient procedure for the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants. In cultivated carnations, an increased auxin level in the stem cutting base produced by active auxin transport from the leaves triggers adventitious root (AR) formation from the cambium. To provide additional insight into the physiological and genetic basis of this complex trait, we studied AR formation in a collection of 159 F lines derived from a cross between two hybrid cultivars ( and ) showing contrasting rooting performances.

Molecular and physiological control of adventitious rooting in cuttings: phytohormone action meets resource allocation.

Background: Adventitious root (AR) formation in excised plant parts is a bottleneck for survival of isolated plant fragments. AR formation plays an important ecological role and is a critical process in cuttings for the clonal propagation of horticultural and forestry crops. Therefore, understanding the regulation of excision-induced AR formation is essential for sustainable and efficient utilization of plant genetic resources.

Variability of stem CO2 efflux response to temperature over the diel period.

This study presents results from continuous measurements of stem CO2 efflux carried out for seven growing seasons in a young Norway spruce forest. The objective of the study was to determine differences in temperature sensitivity of stem CO2 efflux (Q10) during night (when sap flow is zero or nearly zero), during early afternoon (when the maximum rate of sap flow occurs) and during two transition periods between the aforementioned periods. The highest Q10 was recorded during the period of zero sap flow, while the lowest Q10 was observed in period of the highest sap flow.

Short and long-term effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: results from the ENEIDA registry.

Background: Effectiveness of vedolizumab in real world clinical practice is unknown.

Aim: To evaluate the short and long-term effectiveness of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Patients who received at least 1 induction dose of vedolizumab were included.

Drug Repurposing for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitor Safinamide Ameliorates the Pathological Phenotype in Mice and in Myogenic Cultures From DMD Patients.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies. We previously reported that the mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a relevant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only in murine models of muscular dystrophy, in which it directly contributes to contractile impairment, but also in muscle cells from collagen VI-deficient patients. Here, we now assessed the efficacy of a novel MAO-B inhibitor, safinamide, using and models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Enhanced Conjugation of Auxin by GH3 Enzymes Leads to Poor Adventitious Rooting in Carnation Stem Cuttings.

Commercial carnation () cultivars are vegetatively propagated from axillary stem cuttings through adventitious rooting; a process which is affected by complex interactions between nutrient and hormone levels and is strongly genotype-dependent. To deepen our understanding of the regulatory events controlling this process, we performed a comparative study of adventitious root (AR) formation in two carnation cultivars with contrasting rooting performance, "2101-02 MFR" and "2003 R 8", as well as in the reference cultivar "Master". We provided molecular evidence that localized auxin response in the stem cutting base was required for efficient adventitious rooting in this species, which was dynamically established by polar auxin transport from the leaves.

A comprehensive phylogeny of auxin homeostasis genes involved in adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings.

Understanding the functional basis of auxin homeostasis requires knowledge about auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin catabolism genes, which is not always directly available despite the recent whole-genome sequencing of many plant species. Through sequence homology searches and phylogenetic analyses on a selection of 11 plant species with high-quality genome annotation, we identified the putative gene homologs involved in auxin biosynthesis, auxin catabolism and auxin transport pathways in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).

Variability in temperature dependence of stem CO2 efflux from Norway spruce trees.

This study presents results from continuous measurements of stem CO2 efflux carried out for seven experimental seasons (from May to October) in a young Norway spruce forest. The objectives of the study were to determine variability in the response of stem CO2 efflux to stem temperature over the season and to observe differences in the calculated relationship between stem temperature and CO2 efflux based on full growing season data or on data divided into periods according to stem growth rate. Temperature sensitivity of stem CO2 efflux (Q10) calculated for the established periods ranged between 1.

Mutations in COQ8B (ADCK4) found in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome alter COQ8B function.

Mutations in COQ8B cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with variable neurological involvement. In yeast, COQ8 encodes a protein required for coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, whose precise role is not clear. Humans harbor two paralog genes: COQ8A and COQ8B (previously termed ADCK3 and ADCK4).

Probing a Device's Active Atoms.

Materials science and device studies have, when implemented jointly as "operando" studies, better revealed the causal link between the properties of the device's materials and its operation, with applications ranging from gas sensing to information and energy technologies. Here, as a further step that maximizes this causal link, the paper focuses on the electronic properties of those atoms that drive a device's operation by using it to read out the materials property. It is demonstrated how this method can reveal insight into the operation of a macroscale, industrial-grade microelectronic device on the atomic level.