Ethnoveterinary Practices Related to Captive Elephants in Sauraha, Chitwan, Nepal.

The use of medicinal plants for treating animal diseases is a longstanding and widespread practice in Nepal, providing farmers with an accessible and cost-effective option. This study aimed to document traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants used to treat ailments in captive elephants in Sauraha, Chitwan. A total of 56 mahouts, responsible for the care of privately and government-owned captive elephants, were interviewed through face-to-face interactions.

Microplastic in upper Himalayan Ganga river: Occurrence, seasonal dynamics and ecological risk.

Ganga river supports about 500 million population in the Gangetic Plain. Still, the occurrence of toxic pollutants in the Ganga river is an emerging concern, questioning its ecological health. This study is the first to quantify the microplastic (MP) and its characteristics, seasonal dynamics (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon), and environmental risk in the 19 sites (sample size, n = 228) in the upper Himalayan stretch of Ganga (Devprayag, Zone-I; Rishikesh, Zone-II; Haridwar, Zone-III) with multiples sampling (6 months).

A Brief Review on Recent Developments in Diels-Alder Reactions.

The [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition has been widely used for the synthesis of six-mem-ber scaffolds. In recent years, there have been significant developments in this area, including the discovery and design of novel dienes and dienophiles with improved reactivity and selectivity. These new building blocks can be used to develop diverse molecular structures with functional group compatibility.

Artificial viruses: A nanotechnology based approach.

Objectives: The main objective of this work was to review and summarise the detailed literature available on viral nanoparticle and the strategies utilised for their manufacture along with their applications as therapeutic agents.

Data Acquisition: The reported literature related to development and application of virus nanoparticles have been collected from electronic data bases like ScienceDirect, google scholar, PubMed by using key words like "viral nanoparticles", "targeted drug delivery" and "vaccines" and related combinations.

Result: From the detailed literature survey, virus nanoparticles were identified as carriers for the targeted delivery.

Thiazolidinedione as a Promising Medicinal Scaffold for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Thiazolidinediones, also known as glitazones, are considered as biologically active scaffold and a well-established class of anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thiazolidinediones act by reducing insulin resistance through elevated peripheral glucose disposal and glucose production. These molecules activate peroxisome proliferated activated receptor (PPARγ), one of the sub-types of PPARs, and a diverse group of its hybrid have also shown numerous therapeutic activities along with antidiabetic activity.

Measurement-Based Deterministic Imaginary Time Evolution.

We introduce a method to perform imaginary time evolution in a controllable quantum system using measurements and conditional unitary operations. By performing a sequence of weak measurements based on the desired Hamiltonian constructed by a Suzuki-Trotter decomposition, an evolution approximating imaginary time evolution can be realized. The randomness due to measurement is corrected using conditional unitary operations, making the evolution deterministic.

Comprehensive Review on Recent Strategies for Management of Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and SAR.

Prostate cancer is a disease that is affecting a large population worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a foundation for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, as used in most clinical settings from neo-adjuvant to metastatic stage. In spite of the success of ADT in managing the disease in the majority of men, hormonal manipulation fails eventually.

Therapeutic Management with Repurposing Approaches: A Mystery During COVID-19 Outbreak.

The ubiquitous pandemic that emerged due to COVID-19 affected the whole planet. People all over the globe became vulnerable to the unpredictable emergence of coronavirus. The sudden emergence of respiratory disease in coronavirus infected several patients.

An Insight into the Development of Potential Antidiabetic Agents along with their Therapeutic Targets.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that has been reported to increase the mortality rate worldwide. About 40 million people across the globe suffer from diabetes, with people living in developing countries being affected the most due to this deadly disease. Although the therapeutic management of hyperglycaemia can treat diabetes, metabolic disorders associated with this disease are a greater challenge in its treatment.

Withdrawal Notice: Therapeutic Targets Underlying the Evolution of Po-tential Anti-Diabetic Agents: A Comprehensive Review.

Unlabelled: The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Diabetes Reviews due to incoherent content. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.

Management of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer.

Esophageal cancer is diagnosed usually at a locally advanced stage. Surgery alone has less optimal results and a multimodality approach has been established as the standard of care for cII-III stages of esophageal cancer. This review focuses on the recent evidences of management of esophageal cancer with various variations in approaches in Eastern and Western countries.

Evidence Based Surgical Approach to Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is endemic in China, Japan, Korea, Brazil and Former Soviet Union. Patients are diagnosed usually in locally advanced stage. Endoscopy, Positron Emission Therapy- Computed Tomography, Endoscopic ultrasound and staging laparoscopy are the tools for proper evaluation of such patients.

Correlation of nuclear density using the Lens Opacity Classification System III versus Scheimpflug imaging with phacoemulsification parameters.

Purpose: To grade nuclear cataracts using the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III) and the correlation with maximum nuclear density on Scheimpflug imaging and phacoemulsification parameters.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Design: Longitudinal interventional study.

A new surgical technique using steel suture for trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Background: A new emerging complication of trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) with polypropylene suture is high rates of spontaneous dislocation of the IOL due to disintegration or breakage of suture.

Materials: We report a new surgical technique of trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens (SF PCIOL) with steel suture to eliminate the complication of dislocation of IOL fixed with polypropylene suture in one adult and a child.

Results: We successfully achieved stable fixation and good centration of IOL after SF PCIOL with steel suture in these patient having inadequate posterior capsular support.

Effect of penetrating and blunt ocular trauma on the outcome of traumatic cataract in children in northern India.

Background: We studied the demographic profile and outcome of traumatic cataract after penetrating and blunt ocular trauma in children in northern India.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of children with penetrating and blunt ocular trauma associated with traumatic cataract who underwent cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and having more than 1 year follow up. We evaluated the demographic characteristics and visual outcome in the affected eye.

AcrySof toric intraocular lens for post-keratoplasty astigmatism.

We report a 63-year-old male who had undergone left eye optical penetrating keratoplasty for central leucomatous corneal opacity 10 years earlier. The eye had clear donor graft with residual astigmatism of -6.50 diopter cylinder (DC) at 30°.

Outcome of cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens implantation in children.

Aim: To report the results of paediatric cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: Children with congenital or developmental cataract who underwent phacoaspiration with posterior chamber (PC) IOL implantation were retrospectively studied. Group A included children with polymethyl methacrylate, group B hydrophobic acrylic and group C silicone IOLs.