Structural and regulatory determinants of flagellar motility in -the archetypal flagellum of DSM 17395.

Unlabelled: Flagellar motility is crucial for the swim-and-stick lifestyle and plays an important role in bacterial-algal interactions of . This alphaproteobacterial order contains three distinct types of flagellar gene clusters (FGCs) for the formation of a functional flagellum. Our phylogenetically broad taxon sampling of more than 300 genomes revealed that the most common FGC, the -type, was probably already present in the common ancestor of and was strictly vertically inherited, while the other two FGC types, 2 and , were spread via horizontal operon transfers.

a novel planctomycetotal strain from the volcanic habitat of Panarea divides by unusual lateral budding.

Unlabelled: Members of the phylum are ubiquitous bacteria that play important roles in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle. In this study, we sampled the shallow-sea hydrothermal vent system close to Panarea Island, Italy, and analyzed the bacterial diversity in this habitat using a cultivation-independent amplicon sequencing approach. Motivated by the observed abundance of members of the phylum , we employed cultivation conditions that facilitate the enrichment of planctomycetes and isolated strain Pan216.

Structural and regulatory determinants of flagellar motility in - The archetypal flagellum of DSM 17395.

Flagellar motility is crucial for the swim-and-stick lifestyle of and plays an important role for bacterial-algal interactions. This alphaproteobacterial order contains three distinct types of flagellar gene clusters (FGCs) for the formation of a functional flagellum. Our phylogenetically broad taxon sampling of more than 300 genomes revealed that the most common FGC, the -type, was probably already present in the common ancestor of and was strictly vertically inherited, while the other two FGC types, 2 and , were spread via horizontal operon transfers.

Multiple Chaperone DnaK-FliC Flagellin Interactions are Required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flagellum Assembly and Indicate a New Function for DnaK.

The DnaK (Hsp70) protein is an essential ATP-dependent chaperone foldase and holdase found in most organisms. In this study, combining multiple experimental approaches we determined FliC as major interaction partner of DnaK in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Implementing immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy techniques DnaK was found extracellularly associated to the assembled filament in a regular pattern.

Superior Resolution Profiling of the Coleofasciculus Microbiome by Amplicon Sequencing of the Complete 16S rRNA Gene and ITS Region.

The filamentous cyanobacterium Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes is the key primary producer of marine microbial mats. We elucidated the microbiomes of 32 non-axenic Coleofasciculus isolates using PacBio-based amplicon sequencing of the complete 16S rRNA gene and the internally transcribed spacer (16S-ITS). The length of authentic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) ranged from 1827 to 3044 nucleotides (median: 2267 nt).

Tracking the uptake of labelled host-derived extracellular vesicles by the human fungal pathogen .

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention as facilitators of intercellular as well as interkingdom communication during host-microbe interactions. Recently we showed that upon infection, host polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce antifungal EVs targeting the clinically important fungal pathogen ; however, the small size of EVs (<1 µm) complicates their functional analysis. Here, we employed a more tractable, reporter-based system to label host alveolar epithelial cell-derived EVs and enable their visualization during interaction.

Cultivation and molecular characterization of viable Helicobacter pylori from the root canal of 170 deciduous teeth of children.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a persistent pathogen in the human stomach. However, the proposed transmission route via the oral cavity is not understood and under intense debate. While dozens of studies have shown by PCR that H.

sp. nov., a new acidophilic representative of the isolated from fen soils.

Two new strains JP48 and JP55 affiliated with the acidobacterial class have been isolated from fen soil sampled in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains near Bayreuth, Germany. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that divide by binary fission, segregate exopolysaccharide-like material and form capsules. Strains JP48 and JP55 grew at 4-36 °C (optimum at 27 °C), pH 3.

Description and genome analysis of a novel archaeon isolated from a syntrophic pyrite-forming enrichment culture and reclassification of Methanospirillum hungatei strains GP1 and SK as Methanospirillum purgamenti sp. nov.

The archaeal isolate J.3.6.

RNase-mediated reprogramming of Yersinia virulence.

RNA degradation is an essential process that allows bacteria to regulate gene expression and has emerged as an important mechanism for controlling virulence. However, the individual contributions of RNases in this process are mostly unknown. Here, we tested the influence of 11 potential RNases in the intestinal pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the expression of its type III secretion system (T3SS) and associated effectors (Yops) that are encoded on the Yersinia virulence plasmid.

An untargeted cultivation approach revealed Pseudogemmatithrix spongiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., and sheds light on the gemmatimonadotal mode of cell division: binary fission.

Members of the phylum Gemmatimonadota can account for up to 10% of the phylogenetic diversity in bacterial communities. However, a detailed investigation of their cell biology and ecological roles is restricted by currently only six characterized species. By combining low-nutrient media, empirically determined inoculation volumes and long incubation times in a 96-well plate cultivation platform, we isolated two strains from a limnic sponge that belong to this under-studied phylum.

Surface-Bound Protease HtrA, but Not the Secreted Protease nor Protease in Shed Membrane Vesicles, Disrupts Epithelial Cell-to-Cell Junctions.

Fundamental functions of the intestinal epithelium include the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and its ability to act as the first barrier against intruding microbes. is a major zoonotic pathogen accounting for a substantial portion of bacterial foodborne illnesses. The germ colonizes the intestines of birds and is mainly transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated poultry meat.

gen. nov., sp. nov., the first characterized representative of the candidate family env.OPS 17 and proposal of fam. nov.

16S rRNA sequence types associated with the candidate family env.OPS 17 have been reported from various environments, but no representatives have been characterized and validly named. Bacteria of env.

Stratiformator vulcanicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine member of the family Planctomycetaceae isolated from a red biofilm in the Tyrrhenian Sea close to the volcanic island Panarea.

A novel planctomycetal strain, designated Pan189, was isolated from biofilm material sampled close to Panarea Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Cells of strain Pan189 are round grain rice-shaped, form pink colonies and display typical planctomycetal characteristics including asymmetric cell division through polar budding and presence of crateriform structures. Cells bear a stalk opposite to the division pole and fimbriae cover the cell surface.

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer development.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various human genes are key factors in carcinogenesis. However, whether SNPs in bacterial pathogens are similarly crucial in cancer development is unknown. Here, we analyzed 1,043 genomes of the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori and pinpointed a SNP in the serine protease HtrA (position serine/leucine 171) that significantly correlates with gastric cancer.

The group A interleukin-8 protease SpyCEP promotes bacterial intracellular survival by evasion of autophagy.

Autophagy serves an innate immune function in defending the host against invading bacteria, including group A (GAS). Autophagy is regulated by numerous host proteins, including the endogenous negative regulator calpain, a cytosolic protease. Globally disseminated serotype M1T1 GAS strains associated with high invasive disease potential express numerous virulence factors and resist autophagic clearance.

Functional diversity of nanohaloarchaea within xylan-degrading consortia.

Extremely halophilic representatives of the phylum Nanohaloarchaeota (members of the DPANN superphyla) are obligately associated with extremely halophilic archaea of the phylum (according to the GTDB taxonomy). Using culture-independent molecular techniques, their presence in various hypersaline ecosystems around the world has been confirmed over the past decade. However, the vast majority of nanohaloarchaea remain uncultivated, and thus their metabolic capabilities and ecophysiology are currently poorly understood.

Nanohaloarchaea as beneficiaries of xylan degradation by haloarchaea.

Climate change, desertification, salinisation of soils and the changing hydrology of the Earth are creating or modifying microbial habitats at all scales including the oceans, saline groundwaters and brine lakes. In environments that are saline or hypersaline, the biodegradation of recalcitrant plant and animal polysaccharides can be inhibited by salt-induced microbial stress and/or by limitation of the metabolic capabilities of halophilic microbes. We recently demonstrated that the chitinolytic haloarchaeon Halomicrobium can serve as the host for an ectosymbiont, nanohaloarchaeon 'Candidatus Nanohalobium constans'.

Characterization of Temperate LPS-Binding Bordetella avium Phages That Lack Superinfection Immunity.

Bordetella avium causes a highly infectious upper respiratory tract disease in turkeys and other poultry with high economic losses. Considering the antimicrobial resistance crisis, bacteriophages (phages) may be an alternative approach for treating bacterial infections such as bordetellosis. Here, we describe seven phages, isolated from drinking water and feces from chicken and turkey farms.

Staphylococcus aureus binding to Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Filter: Effects of surface protein expression and treatment duration.

Introduction: Extracorporeal blood purification systems represent a promising alternative for treatment of blood stream infections with multiresistant bacteria.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the binding activity of S. aureus to Seraph affinity filters based on heparin coated beads and to identify effectors influencing this binding activity.

Corrigendum: Genotype-phenotype correlations within the .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Genotype-phenotype correlations within the .

The integration of genomic information into microbial systematics along with physiological and chemotaxonomic parameters provides for a reliable classification of prokaryotes. analysis of chemotaxonomic traits is now being introduced to replace characteristics traditionally determined in the laboratory with the dual goal of both increasing the speed of the description of taxa and the accuracy and consistency of taxonomic reports. Genomics has already successfully been applied in the taxonomic rearrangement of but in the light of new genomic data the taxonomy of the family needs to be revisited.

sp. nov., isolated from limestone collected in Tunisia.

A new actinobacterium strain, designated BMG 823, was isolated from a limestone sample collected in Tunisia. Its taxonomic position was scrutinized using a polyphasic approach. Colonies of strain BMG 823 were pink orange-coloured, regular and had a moist surface.