Unmasking enteritis: reply to commentary titled "Clarifying Gastrointestinal toxicity attribution in WP-SBRT: A commentary on Dinesan et al. and proposal of a bladder-bowel displacement index".

We thank the authors for their insightful commentary on our manuscript, "Acute Enteritis with Pelvic SBRT: Influence of Bowel Delineation Methods." In this response, we clarify our methodological decision to focus exclusively on acute enteritis and to exclude proctitis. We highlight the distinct clinical profiles of proctitis and enteritis, emphasizing the importance of careful history taking and clinical evaluation.

Debate 3: Metastasis Directed Therapy in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer.

Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC), characterized by limited metastatic burden (≤5 lesions), encompasses 3 major subtypes: de novo synchronous oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (om-HSPC), metachronous oligorecurrent HSPC (or-HSPC), and oligoprogressive castrate-resistant prostate cancer (op-CRPC). Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT), particularly stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), has been widely adopted and offers a noninvasive approach for delaying disease progression and achieving durable local control while maintaining the quality of life (QoL). This review examines the evolving evidence supporting MDT across OMPC spectrum.

A new species of Pristaciura Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae:Tephrellini) and new distribution record of Procecidochares utilis Stone from Himalayas.

A new species, Pristaciura hancocki Maneesh & Prabhakar, sp. nov., is described from Himachal Pradesh, India, along with an identification key to species in the genus Pristaciura Hendel.

Interstitial brachytherapy for periocular nonmelanoma skin cancers: Impact on organ and function preservation.

Purpose: To study the local control, toxicity, organ and functional preservation and cosmetic outcomes after interstitial brachytherapy for periocular nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Methods And Materials: Patients with skin cancers of upper and lower eyelid, medial and lateral canthus and the infra-orbital region treated with high dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) using 192-Iridium (Ir) between December 2010 and July 2022 were included and data collected from a prospectively maintained database. Local control, survival outcomes, acute and late RTOG toxicity, functional and cosmetic outcomes were analysed.

PSMA-PET Guided Intraprostatic Boost in Prostate SBRT (PROBE): A Phase 2 Trial.

Purpose: To assess the safety of using combined Gallium68-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) (Ga-PSMA-PET/CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for planning dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) boost in prostate stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) for dose escalation (PROBE).

Methods And Materials: Patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate adenocarcinoma with DIL identified on mpMRI and Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and suitable for SBRT were enrolled in this phase 2 trial. Ga-PSMA-PET/CT was fused with mpMRI for gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation.

Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Bladder Preservation: Transitioning to Hypofractionation.

Purpose: To present the clinical experience of bladder preservation with adaptive radiation therapy (ART) in conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (ConvRT) and discuss the challenges in transitioning to hypofractionated radiation therapy (HypoRT).

Methods And Materials: Consecutive patients from a prospectively maintained institutional database with histologically proven urothelial carcinoma, staged T1 to T4, N0 to N3, M0, treated with curative intent chemoradiation therapy from January 2014 to December 2023 were included. Patients from 2014 were treated with a dose of 64 Gy/32# to the bladder and 55 Gy/32# to the pelvis.

Acute enteritis with pelvic SBRT: Influence of bowel delineation methods.

Purpose: One fourth of the patients receiving SBRT to prostate and pelvis develop mild to moderate acute enteritis. In this study, we aim to study bowel dosimetry for different methods of bowel delineation in patients with and without acute bowel toxicity after whole-pelvic SBRT (WP-SBRT).

Methods And Materials: In this prospective study, patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated with WP-SBRT were identified.

A new species of genus Oedaspis Loew and new distribution records of Acidiostigma Hendel & Goniurellia Hendel from India (Diptera: Tephritidae).

A new species of genus Oedaspis Loew, Oedaspis nauniensis Maneesh & Hancock, sp. nov., is described from Himachal Pradesh, India and Oedaspis Loew, Acidiostigma bomiense Wang and Goniurellia lacerata (Becker) are newly recorded from India.

A MORC protein complex modulates epigenetic control of gene expression through interaction with heterochromatin.

Dynamic control of gene expression is critical for blood stage development of malaria parasites. Here, we used multi-omic analyses to investigate transcriptional regulation by the chromatin-associated microrchidia protein, MORC, during asexual blood stage development of the human malaria parasite . We show that MORC (PF3D7_1468100) interacts with a suite of nuclear proteins, including APETALA2 (ApiAP2) transcription factors (AP2-G5, AP2-O5, AP2-I, PF3D7_0420300, PF3D7_0613800, PF3D7_1107800, and PF3D7_1239200), a DNA helicase DS60 (PF3D7_1227100), and other chromatin remodelers (CHD1 and EELM2).

Bladder Adjuvant Radiation Therapy (BART): Acute and Late Toxicity From a Phase III Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To report toxicity from the multicenter phase III randomized trial of Bladder Adjuvant Radiation Therapy (BART) after radical cystectomy and chemotherapy in high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Methods And Materials: Patients with nonmetastatic urothelial MIBC with ≥1 high-risk feature after radical cystectomy- pT3-4, pN1-3, nodal yield <10, positive margin, or ≥cT3 downstaged with neoadjuvant chemotherapy- were randomized 1:1 to observation (Obs) or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) at 4 centers, stratified by pN stage (N0, N+) and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, none). Stoma-sparing image guided intensity modulated RT 50.

Late Urinary Toxicity After Extreme or Moderate Hypofractionated Prostate Radiation Therapy in Patients With Prior Transurethral Resection of Prostate.

Purpose: To study the late urinary toxicity in patients with prostate cancer with prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and treated with hypofractionated prostate radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, with a prior TURP, and treated with moderate or extreme hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (moderate hypofractionated radiation therapy [MHRT], stereotactic body radiation therapy [SBRT]), were included in this study. Severity and duration of urinary symptoms observed during serial follow-up after at least 3 months from radiation therapy were graded per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Supervised Machine Learning as a Screening Tool for Neutropenia.

The use of non-invasive tools in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) to detect diseases has the potential to revolutionize healthcare. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a technology that can be used to analyze biological samples in a non-invasive manner. This study evaluated the use of NIR spectroscopy in the fingertip to detect neutropenia in solid-tumor oncologic patients.

A new species of Bactrocera Macquart reared from Solanum khasianum Clarke in northern India and a new synonym.

A new species of genus Bactrocera Macquart, Bactrocera (Bactrocera) prabhakari Maneesh, Gupta & Hancock, sp. n., is described from Himachal Pradesh, Northern India, reared from Solanum khasianum Clarke commonly known as medicinal solanum or Dutch eggplant.

A new species of genus Tephritis Latreille and a new distribution record of genus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy, from India.

A new species ofTephritisLatreille,Tephritis himalayaeManeesh and Korneyev,sp. n.is described from the higher hills of Himachal Pradesh (India).

Serum-based ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence that is causing worldwide concern. The pre-diabetes stage is the only reversible stage in the patho-physiological process towards DM. Due to the limitations of traditional methods, the diagnosis and detection of DM and pre-diabetes are complicated, expensive, and time-consuming.

Point-of-Care Disease Screening in Primary Care Using Saliva: A Biospectroscopy Approach for Lung Cancer and Prostate Cancer.

Saliva is a largely unexplored liquid biopsy that can be readily obtained noninvasively. Not dissimilar to blood plasma or serum, it contains a vast array of bioconstituents that may be associated with the absence or presence of a disease condition. Given its ease of access, the use of saliva is potentially ideal in a point-of-care screening or diagnostic test.

ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy with Chemometrics for Analysis of Saliva Samples Obtained in a Lung-Cancer-Screening Programme: Application of Swabs as a Paradigm for High Throughput in a Clinical Setting.

There is an increasing need for inexpensive and rapid screening tests in point-of-care clinical oncology settings. Herein, we develop a swab "dip" test in saliva obtained from consenting patients participating in a lung-cancer-screening programme being undertaken in North West England. In a pilot study, a total of 211 saliva samples ( = 170 benign, 41 designated cancer-positive) were randomly taken during the course of this prospective lung-cancer-screening programme.

Deep Inspiratory Breath-Hold Radiation for Left-Sided Breast Cancer using Novel Frame-based Tactile Feedback.

A frame providing tactile feedback for the reproducibility of deep inspiratory breath-hold (DIBH) is described. The frame, fitted across the patient, comprises a horizontal bar, parallel to the patient's long axis, and holds a graduated pointer perpendicular to it. The pointer provides individualized tactile feedback for reproducibility of DIBH.

Early outcomes of abbreviated multi-fractionated brachytherapy schedule for cervix cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: Brachytherapy (BT) for cervix cancer was listed as a level I priority and reduced number of implants and multiple fractions were recommended during COVID-19 pandemic. We present early clinical outcome of this approach.

Methods And Materials: Patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy and BT with single implant and multiple fractions BT were included.

A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India.

A new species of Bactrocera Macquart, Bactrocera (Bactrocera) divenderi Maneesh, Hancock and Prabhakar, sp. n., is described from Himachal Pradesh, Northern India and also recorded from Bhutan and northern Pakistan.