Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Supervised Machine Learning as a Screening Tool for Neutropenia.

The use of non-invasive tools in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) to detect diseases has the potential to revolutionize healthcare. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a technology that can be used to analyze biological samples in a non-invasive manner. This study evaluated the use of NIR spectroscopy in the fingertip to detect neutropenia in solid-tumor oncologic patients.

Serum-based ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence that is causing worldwide concern. The pre-diabetes stage is the only reversible stage in the patho-physiological process towards DM. Due to the limitations of traditional methods, the diagnosis and detection of DM and pre-diabetes are complicated, expensive, and time-consuming.

Point-of-Care Disease Screening in Primary Care Using Saliva: A Biospectroscopy Approach for Lung Cancer and Prostate Cancer.

Saliva is a largely unexplored liquid biopsy that can be readily obtained noninvasively. Not dissimilar to blood plasma or serum, it contains a vast array of bioconstituents that may be associated with the absence or presence of a disease condition. Given its ease of access, the use of saliva is potentially ideal in a point-of-care screening or diagnostic test.

ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy with Chemometrics for Analysis of Saliva Samples Obtained in a Lung-Cancer-Screening Programme: Application of Swabs as a Paradigm for High Throughput in a Clinical Setting.

There is an increasing need for inexpensive and rapid screening tests in point-of-care clinical oncology settings. Herein, we develop a swab "dip" test in saliva obtained from consenting patients participating in a lung-cancer-screening programme being undertaken in North West England. In a pilot study, a total of 211 saliva samples ( = 170 benign, 41 designated cancer-positive) were randomly taken during the course of this prospective lung-cancer-screening programme.

Ultrarapid On-Site Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Simple ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and an Analysis Algorithm: High Sensitivity and Specificity.

There is an urgent need for ultrarapid testing regimens to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] infections in real-time within seconds to stop its spread. Current testing approaches for this RNA virus focus primarily on diagnosis by RT-qPCR, which is time-consuming, costly, often inaccurate, and impractical for general population rollout due to the need for laboratory processing. The latency until the test result arrives with the patient has led to further virus spread.

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy discriminates a spectral signature of endometriosis independent of inter-individual variation.

Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Its aetiology remains obscure, and it is difficult to diagnose ranging from asymptomatic to debilitating disease. Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy has become recognised as a potential clinical diagnostic tool.

Derivation of a subtype-specific biochemical signature of endometrial carcinoma using synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy.

Endometrial carcinoma consists of endometrioid (type I) and serous papillary (SP; type II) subtypes; a rarer form is malignant mixed müllerian tumours (MMMT; type II/mixed). We set out to determine whether one might be able to biochemically signature these subtypes using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and distinguish non-tamoxifen associated from tamoxifen-associated cases. Paraffin-embedded blocks were obtained from non-tamoxifen associated cases reported as endometrioid (n=7), SP (n=4) or MMMT (n=4).

Elevated expression of CYP1A1 and gamma-SYNUCLEIN in human ectopic (ovarian) endometriosis compared with eutopic endometrium.

Endometriosis is a debilitating disease in which apoptotic, genetic, immunological, angiogenic and environmental factors have been implicated. Endocrine-disrupting agents (e.g.

The multiple applications of tamoxifen: an example pointing to SERM modulation being the aspirin of the 21st century.

Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with an established role in the treatment and chemoprevention of hormone-related breast cancer. It is also cardioprotective and increases bone mineral density. However, due to pleiotrophic ligand-receptor properties, its role in a variety of seemingly unrelated disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and urological cancers, has been investigated in many studies.

FTIR Microspectroscopy Coupled with Two-Class Discrimination Segregates Markers Responsible for Inter- and Intra-Category Variance in Exfoliative Cervical Cytology.

Infrared (IR) absorbance of cellular biomolecules generates a vibrational spectrum, which can be exploited as a "biochemical fingerprint" of a particular cell type. Biomolecules absorb in the mid-IR (2-20 mum) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy applied to discriminate different cell types (exfoliative cervical cytology collected into buffered fixative solution) was evaluated. This consisted of cervical cytology free of atypia (i.

Quantifiable mRNA transcripts for tamoxifen-metabolising enzymes in human endometrium.

Tamoxifen has been used in the management of receptor-positive breast cancer for >20 years. Usage confers an elevated risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. Its mechanism of carcinogenicity remains unresolved with controversy as to whether or not this is mediated through a genotoxic mechanism.

Gamma-synuclein and the progression of cancer.

The synucleins are a small, soluble, highly conserved group of neuronal proteins that have been implicated in both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The synuclein family consists of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synucleins (gamma-syn). They are a natively unfolded group of proteins that share sequence homologies and structural properties.

Incarcerated retroverted uterus in the third trimester complicated by postpartum pulmonary embolism.

Background: Incarceration of the retroverted gravid uterus is an extremely rare diagnosis in the third trimester that carries significant maternal operative and postoperative morbidity.

Case: The condition was diagnosed clinically in the third trimester of a primigravida. Despite the preoperative diagnosis, operative delivery proved difficult, requiring delivery of the fetus through the posterior wall of the uterus.

Tamoxifen: important considerations of a multi-functional compound with organ-specific properties.

Tamoxifen remains a frontline treatment for hormone-responsive breast cancer despite its use being associated with a 2-7-fold elevated risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. Several groups have investigated whether tamoxifen induces DNA-damaging (genotoxic) versus non-genotoxic mechanisms. Some studies point to the presence of tamoxifen-DNA adducts while others suggest otherwise.

ATR microspectroscopy with multivariate analysis segregates grades of exfoliative cervical cytology.

Although cervical cancer screening in the UK has led to reductions in the incidence of invasive disease, this programme remains flawed. We set out to examine the potential of infrared (IR) microspectroscopy to allow the profiling of cellular biochemical constituents associated with disease progression. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform IR (ATR) microspectroscopy was employed to interrogate spectral differences between samples of exfoliative cervical cytology collected into liquid based cytology (LBC).