Coronary flow reserve increase after 4-year dapagliflozin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DAPAHEART follow-up study.

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce CV mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We previously found that 4 weeks of SGLT2i treatment increased coronary flow reserve (CFR) by 30% and reduced epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness by 19% in T2DM patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, long-term effects remain unclear.

Role of F FDG-PET-CT in Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) remain complex diagnostic challenges due to their heterogeneous presentations and broad differential diagnoses. FUO was first described by Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961 and later redefined by Durack and Street, while IUO was introduced more recently by Vanderschueren et al. in 2009.

Emerging PET-radiotracers in cardiovascular, neuro-inflammation, lung and rheumatological diseases: a narrative review.

Background: Imaging plays a crucial role in the clinical management of patients with inflammatory diseases, both for diagnosis and in evaluating treatment response. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that is gaining prominence in the study of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Advances in PET imaging technology, along with the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, have the potential to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of imaging in the evaluation of inflammation, allowing for the tracking of disease activity through mechanisms distinct from FDG.

In Vivo Versus In Vitro Somatostatin Receptor Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Correlation Studies.

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are characterized by hyperexpression on the cell membrane of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). The demonstration of SSTRs, mainly the subtype 2 (SSTR2), is the prerequisite for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (SSAs). SSTRs can be routinely demonstrated in vivo by SSA-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SSA-PET/CT) and in vitro by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Association of Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature.

• CS is a rare inflammatory disease with immune-mediated pathogenesis. • The authors report a rare case of coexistence of CS and ulcerative colitis. • CS and ulcerative colitis may share common pathogenetic pathways.

Role of FDG PET/CT in bacteremia and fever of unknown origin: a pictorial overview of finding the culprit.

F fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has established itself as a critical diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with bacteremia and fever of unknown origin (FUO), particularly following futile conventional investigations. These conditions are often challenging due to diverse underlying etiologies, including infections, inflammatory conditions and malignancies. PET/CT has the advantage of being a whole-body imaging technique with high sensitivity for detecting areas of increased metabolism often associated with infection or inflammation.

The Predictive Role of Baseline F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Follicular Lymphoma on Watchful Waiting: A Preliminary Study.

: Patients with low tumour burden follicular lymphoma (FL) are managed with an initial watchful waiting (WW) approach. The way to better predict the time-to-treatment (TTT) is still under investigation for its possible clinical impact. This study explored whether radiomic features extracted from baseline F-FDG PET/CT could predict TTT in FL patients on WW.

N-Ammonia PET-CT for Evaluating Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy and Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate dynamic N-ammonia PET-CT for evaluating early treatment response and predicting prognosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who have undergone antiangiogenic therapy.

Methods: Dynamic N-ammonia PET-CT was performed in 23 advanced HCC patients before antiangiogenic therapy (baseline) and in 18/23 patients after 8-10 weeks of treatment (post-therapy). At kinetic PET-CT analysis, mean, maximum, and peak values of (mL/cm/min) and (min) were estimated in HCC lesions and non-neoplastic liver using cardiologic N-ammonia PET-CT in 15 patients without any liver diseases as normal controls.

Long-Term Safety and Survival Outcomes of [Ac]Ac-PSMA (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen) and [Ac]Ac-/[Lu]Lu-PSMA (TANDEM) Radioligand Therapy (PRLT) in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

This study aims to retrospectively assess the safety of [Ac]Ac-PSMA-PRLT, both as monotherapy and in combination (TANDEM) with Lutetium-177, concerning tolerance after the radiopharmaceutical administration and long-term safety, its impact on salivary glands' function, overall survival (OS), and follow-up duration. Between December 2020 and September 2024, 89 patients received a total of 151 cycles of [Ac]Ac-PSMA-PRLT. Patients with at least one follow-up (n = 71) were included in the analysis to evaluate xerostomia, as well as long-term hematological, renal, and hepatic toxicities, graded according to CTCAE v5.

Baseline Tumor Burden Assessed With AI-Guided PET/CT Total Metabolic Tumor Volume (TMTV) and LDH Levels Predict Efficacy of CAR-T in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma.

Disease burden is a critical determinant of outcomes in CAR-T therapy for B-cell lymphomas, and one of the most widely used techniques for its assessment is Total Metabolic Tumor Volume (TMTV) measured via [F]FDG PET/CT. Biological parameters may further refine the risk profile. We analyzed baseline [F]FDG PET/CT scans from 40 patients treated with CAR-T, using an AI-based automated segmentation algorithm to determine TMTV.

Defining the Position of [Lu]Lu-PSMA Radioligand Therapy in the Treatment Landscape of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

Background: In recent years, theranostics has become a promising approach for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), with trials investigating targeted radioligand therapy, particularly using prostate-specific membrane antigen labeled with lutetium-177 ([Lu]Lu-PSMA). The proper position of [Lu]Lu-PSMA in the therapeutic algorithm of mCRPC is yet to be identified.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase II/III randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of [Lu]Lu-PSMA in treating mCRPC.

The Role of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor Positron Emission Tomography in Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review.

The role of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is emerging for the assessment of non-oncological diseases, such as inflammatory and infectious diseases, even if the evidence in the literature is still in its initial phases. We conducted a systematic search of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library databases for studies published before 31 December 2023 reporting infectious and inflammatory disease imaging with FAPI PET/CT. We included twenty-one studies for a total of 1046 patients.

Atypical Presentation of Splenic Tissue Mimicking Neuroendocrine Tumor Relapse.

A 61-year-old man underwent splenopancreasectomy for a 3-cm neuroendocrine tumor of the body of the pancreas (G2, pT1 pN0, Ki67 3%). Five months after surgery 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT showed increased radiotracer uptake in a solid tissue of the splenic fossa, possibly referring to a splenosis nodule. After 19 months, a further 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT showed a significant functional and dimensional increase of the previously detected tissue and the appearance of a new finding in the left lateral abdominal wall.

Role of F-FDG PET/CT in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Innovative Applications.

This article provides an overview of the use of F-FDG PET/CT in various clinical scenarios of head-neck squamous cell carcinoma, ranging from initial staging to treatment-response assessment, and post-therapy follow-up, with a focus on the current evidence, debated issues, and innovative applications. Methodological aspects and the most frequent pitfalls in head-neck imaging interpretation are described. In the initial work-up, F-FDG PET/CT is recommended in patients with metastatic cervical lymphadenectomy and occult primary tumor; moreover, it is a well-established imaging tool for detecting cervical nodal involvement, distant metastases, and synchronous primary tumors.

Breast Relapse of Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia After CAR-T Therapy Detected by F-FDG PET/CT.

Background: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. Medullary and extramedullary disease relapse is a well-known occurrence in B-ALL pediatric patients treated with standard chemo-immunotherapy and, more recently, with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) emerges as a sensitive imaging tool for detecting disease relapse at extra-medullary sites, with only limited literature evidence in the CAR-T therapy setting.

EANM consensus document on the use of [F]FDG PET/CT in fever and inflammation of unknown origin.

Purpose: Patients with fever and inflammation of unknown origin (FUO/IUO) are clinically challenging due to variable clinical presentations with nonspecific symptoms and many differential diagnoses. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is increasingly used in FUO and IUO, but the optimal diagnostic strategy remains controversial. This consensus document aims to assist clinicians and nuclear medicine specialists in the appropriate use of [F]FDG-PET/CT in FUO and IUO based on current evidence.

The role of PET/CT in connective tissue disorders: systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Advanced imaging techniques are needed to help clinicians in the diagnosis, in the choice of the right time for therapeutic interventions or for modifications and monitoring of treatment response in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Nuclear medicine imaging, especially PET/CT and PET/MRI, may play an important role in detecting disease activity, assessing early treatment response as well as in clarifying the complex mechanisms underlying systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, [F]FDG PET/CT may help in excluding or detecting coexisting malignancies.

Dapagliflozin improves myocardial flow reserve in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DAPAHEART Trial: a preliminary report.

Objective: Cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials have shown that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) reduces CV mortality and hospital admission rates for heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms behind these benefits are not fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the effects of the SGLT-2i dapagliflozin on myocardial perfusion and glucose metabolism in patients with T2D and stable coronary artery disease (coronary stenosis ≥ 30% and < 80%), with or without previous percutaneous coronary intervention (> 6 months) but no HF.