Demonstration of the effective intestinal immunity activity of a high branched rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin polysaccharide from wolfberry via exploration its interaction with mechanical barrier.

Rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin polysaccharide from wolfberry has immunity activity, but its intestinal immunity activity and structure-activity relationship in the small intestine was still unclear. This study comparatively investigated the intestinal immune activity of wolfberry-derived high and low branched Rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin polysaccharides (H-LBP and L-LBP) and explored the interaction mechanism with mechanical barrier. In the normal mechanical barrier model, both H-LBP and L-LBP could cross mechanical barrier with transport rates of 23.

Utilization of pectin in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium residue as prebiotic via depolymerization, dissolution, and modification of cell wall polysaccharides.

The residue of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) after the extraction of essential oils and flavonoids is a by-product in the CRP industry, and its utilization is often neglected. However, the residue (CRPR) contains many functional pectic polysaccharides. In the study, cellulase, alkali and deep eutectic solvent (DES)-water system were used to extract pectin (CRPP) from CRPR.

A comparative study on the bioactivities and chemical compositions of Dancong summer tea and Anhua dark tea: Excavation of glycolipid-lowering functional factors.

Drinking tea is beneficial to reduce the incidence of obesity. Unlike Fuzhuan brick tea (DT, a typical dark tea) widely reported to have good glycolipid-lowering activity (GLA), there is little information on GLA of Dancong summer tea (OT, a typical oolong tea). A comparative study on GLA and chemical compositions of OT and DT was systematically conducted.

A new perspective to explore the bioactive ingredients of honeysuckle tea infusion by structure, function and stability characterization of self-assembled nano/microaggregates.

The self-assembled nano/microaggregates formed by the interaction of polyphenols and polysaccharide are key bioactive ingredients in substitute tea infusions, but lack in-depth investigation. Taking honeysuckle tea infusion as a mode infusion, the self-assembled nano/microaggregates were characterized as compact advanced spherical submicroparticles with a particle size of about 155 nm and composed of 47.75 % esterification pectin, 6.

Combination of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid: Characterization of solution property, interaction, and regulatory function on typical gut Bacteroides and pathogens.

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a prebiotic that promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, but lacks of regulatory function on harmful bacteria. In this study, chlorogenic acid (CGA) was used to achieve the functional enhancement of two LBPs (LBP-A and LBP-M). The combination of CGA resulted in changes in the solution properties of LBPs, manifested as increased pseudoplasticity, viscosity, turbidity, and decreased water mobility, absolute potential value, pH value.

Exploration of the Fasting Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Casein Hydrolysate Enriched with Glu/Gln and Glu/Gln-Containing Peptides in db/db Diabetic-like Mice Using Multiomics Analysis.

The fasting hypoglycemic effect of casein hydrolysate (CH) was investigated in db/db diabetic-like mice using a multiomics integrated analysis of peptidome, transcriptome, and metabolome. Results showed that the oral administration of CH at a dose of 600 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks reduced the fasting blood glucose levels by 14.73 ± 9.

Structural characterization of two poly-galacturonic acids: the important basis to elucidate spherical conformation of pectin from submicroparticles in chrysanthemum tea infusion.

Pectin exhibits potential as an excellent food additive for its processing properties and biological activities, but its application is hindered because of complex and unclear structure. Water-insoluble and water-soluble poly-galacturonic acids, hydrolyzed from the spherical pectin from submicroparticles in chrysanthemum tea infusion, were characterized for obtaining the detail structural information. The water-insoluble poly-galacturonic acid was a crystal which constructed by hydrogen bonds and long linear chains comprised of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and galacturonic acid residues.

Calcium Transport Activity of UV/HO-Degraded Fucoidans and Their Structural Characterization.

Calcium-chelated polysaccharides have been increasingly considered as promising calcium supplements. In this study, degraded fucoidans (DFs) with different molecular weights (Mws) were prepared after UV/HO treatment; their calcium-chelating capacities and intestinal absorption properties were also investigated. The results showed that the calcium-chelating capacities of DFs were improved with a decrease in Mw.

Simultaneous recycling of flavonone and polymethoxyflavonoids from Chenpi processing residue based on their complementary action on glycolipid lowering activity: Innovative combination use of yeast and aqueous two-phase system.

This study aimed at recycling flavonoids with glycolipid lowering activity from Chenpi processing residue produced by essential oil extraction. The crude Chenpi flavonoids obtained by ethanol reflux mainly contained flavonone (hesperidin) and polymethoxyflavonoids (nobiletin, tangeretin, sinensetin, and isosinensetin), which complementally exerted strong glycolipid lowering activity as revealed by digestive enzyme inhibitory activity, molecular docking and network pharmacology. The reducing sugar and water-soluble impurities were efficiently removed by yeast fermentation and aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) extraction, respectively.

Hydrolyzable tannins and pectin are glycolipid lowering ingredients in Phyllanthus emblica Linn.: Valid interaction with gut action targets.

Phyllanthus emblica L., a distinctive fruit, is rich in polyphenols and polysaccharide. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of these compounds as glycolipid lowering ingredients.

Highly Branched Rhamnogalacturonan-I Type Pectin from Wolfberry: Purification, Characterization, and Structure-Prebiotic/Immunomodulatory Activity Relationship.

Due to the difficulty in obtaining highly branched rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) type pectin, the relationship between the extent of RG-I branching (EB) of pectin and prebiotic/immunomodulatory activity has not been systematically investigated. Moreover, it is only possible to establish a structure-activity relationship using pectin that is highly purified and accurately characterized. In this study, a homogeneous highly branched RG-I type pectin (LBP-P4, a final product) with dual proliferative effects on and macrophage was effectively purified for the first time using enzyme hydrolysis combined with ultrafiltration.

Molecular Mechanistic Insights into Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Peptides to Decipher the Structural Basis of Activity.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibiting peptides have attracted increased attention because of their possible beneficial effects on glycemic homeostasis. However, the structural basis underpinning their activities has not been well understood. This study combined computational and in vitro investigations to explore the structural basis of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides.

Simultaneously efficient dissolution and structural modification of chrysanthemum pectin: Targeting at proliferation of Bacteroides.

Pectic polysaccharide is a bioactive ingredient in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Hangbaiju' (CMH), but the high proportion of HG domain limited its use as a prebiotic. In this study, hot water, cellulase-assisted, medium-temperature alkali, and deep eutectic solvent extraction strategies were firstly used to extract pectin from CMH (CMHP).

Exploration of green preparation strategy for Lycium barbarum polysaccharide targeting Bacteroides proliferative and immune-enhancing activities and its potential use in geriatric foods.

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is beneficial for elderly people, but its use is limited in geriatric foods due to the lack of comprehensive information on its preparation strategy and physical property. In this study, the low-ester rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) type pectic polysaccharide-protein complexes with varying physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, proliferative activities on Bacteroides, and immune-enhancing activities on RAW 264.7 cells, were obtained by moderate-temperature acid extraction within adjustment of enzymatic and physical pretreatments.

Exploration of optimal preparation strategy of Chenpi (pericarps of Citrus reticulata Blanco) flavouring essence with great application potential in sugar and salt-reduced foods.

To obtain flavouring essence with application potential in sugar and salt-reduced foods, the optimal strategy for extraction and microencapsulation of essential oil (EO) from Chenpi was investigated. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and liquid-liquid-extraction-GC-MS confirmed the selectivity for volatiles ranked in hydrodistillation > supercritical fluid extraction > solvent extraction. The aroma characteristic of Chenpi EO was distinguished by 33 key volatiles (screened out via headspace-SPME-GC-MS) and quantitative descriptive analysis.

Chemical basis and self-assembly mechanism of submicroparticles forming in chrysanthemum tea infusion.

Submicroparticles are important components generally existed in chrysanthemum tea infusion, but their functionality, chemical composition, structure and self-assembly mechanism are unclear due to lack of suitable preparation method and research strategy. This study showed that submicroparticles promoted the intestinal absorption of phenolics in chrysanthemum tea infusion by comparison of chrysanthemum tea infusion, submicroparticles-free chrysanthemum tea infusion and submicroparticles. Submicroparticles efficiently prepared by ultrafiltration mainly consisting of polysaccharide and phenolics accounted for 22% of total soluble solids in chrysanthemum tea infusion.

Combination of Lycium barbarum L. and Laminaria japonica polysaccharides as a highly efficient prebiotic: Optimal screening and complementary regulation of gut probiotics and their metabolites.

The combination of polysaccharides is an effective way to develop prebiotics with stable performance during processing and digestion for human wellness. However, there is little information on optimal screening and complementary regulation of compound polysaccharides. This study aimed to optimally select a combination of Lycium barbarum L.

Rhamnogalacturonan I-Enriched Pectin, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids from Lotus Leaf Infusion in Regulating Glycolipid Absorption and Metabolism: Isolation, In Vitro Bioactivity Verification, and Structural Characterization.

Lotus leaf is effective in regulating glycolipid absorption and metabolism, but the roles of small-molecule compounds and polysaccharides are unknown. In this study, the small-molecule compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides were gradually isolated from lotus leaf infusion by multi-column chromatography and applied to in vitro activity verification and structural characterization. Although flavonoids and alkaloids were effective in inhibiting pancrelipase and α-glucosidase, polysaccharides more effectively bounded bile acids, inhibited cholesterol micelle solubility, and stimulated the growth of than lotus leaf infusion.

Pectin-type polysaccharide from galangal: An efficient emulsifier to construct the emulsion-based delivery system for galangal flavonoids.

Galangal is rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides but underutilized. In this study, galangal flavonoids and polysaccharides (GP-HN and GP-UN) were obtained by segmented extraction, used for chemical composition determination/structural characterization, and constructed for the emulsion delivery system. The results showed that galangin accounted for 71.

Effect of Bergamot and Laoxianghuang Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota Derived from Patients with Hyperlipidemia: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome during In Vitro Fermentation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bergamot polysaccharide (BP) and Laoxianghuang polysaccharides (LPs, fermented bergamot) on the microbiome and metabolome during the in vitro fermentation of gut microbiota from patients with hyperlipidemia. Results indicated that both BP and LPs were able to increase the production of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. However, only LPs could decrease the content of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid, which are detrimental to gut health.

The potential mechanisms of polysaccharides mitigating type 2 diabetes in rats.

Our previous studies have proved that the anti-digestive polysaccharide from possesses potential hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activities; however, its potential mechanisms for improving diabetes have not been elucidated. The current study was aimed to determine the anti-diabetic effects and possible mechanisms of polysaccharides (MPP) in diabetic rats. After 8-week MPP treatment, the serum profiles, gut bacteria composition and relative gene expressions of rats were determined.

The Beneficial Effects of Two Polysaccharide Fractions from against Diabetes Mellitus Accompanied by Dyslipidemia in Rats and Their Underlying Mechanisms.

The current study aimed to assess the anti-diabetic effects and potential mechanisms of two polysaccharide fractions (SFPs, named SFP-1 and SFP-2). The carbohydrate-loading experiment revealed that SFP-2 could control postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting the activity of digestive enzymes in rats. The analysis of diabetic symptoms and serum profiles indicated that SFPs could mitigate diabetes accompanied by dyslipidemia, and SFP-2 showed better regulatory effects on body weight, food intake and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and free fatty acid (FFA) in diabetic rats.

Construction of in vitro fermentation model using gut microbiota relating to glucose and lipid metabolism: a supplementary method for initial screening of polysaccharides with hypoglycemic potentials.

Background: Besides in vitro fecal fermentation model, a few supplementary methods have been constructed for high-throughput screening of polysaccharides with hypoglycemic potentials. The purpose of this study was to establish a co-culture fermentation model constructed by gut microbiota relating to glucose and lipid metabolism as a supplementary method for comparatively evaluating the proliferative effects and hypoglycemic potentials of typical plant polysaccharides, e.g.