Positional BMP signaling orchestrates villus length in the small intestine.

The intestinal epithelium undergoes fast turnover, and the villus length in the small intestine gradually decreases from the duodenum to the ileum. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the regional disparity of villus length.

The critical role of BMP signaling in gastric epithelial cell differentiation revealed by organoids.

The efficient differentiation of adult gastric stem cells into specific epithelial cell types is crucial for gastric homeostasis. Although it is well appreciated that the niche plays a critical role in gastric epithelium cell differentiation, the relevant molecular factors and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, by combining the knowledge of the niche cells obtained from single-cell RNA sequencing and manipulation of signaling pathways, we achieved effective differentiation of various gastric epithelial cell types in mouse and human gastric organoids.

A safe and effective surgical approach for congenital tracheo-oesophageal fistula in adults.

Congenital tracheo-oesophageal fistula in adults is a very rare condition; there is no standard surgical procedure for adult patients. This case report describes a successful surgical treatment of an adult congenital tracheo-oesophageal fistula using a central sternotomy approach and summarizes the specific surgical steps. We believe that this approach is a safe and effective method for treating such disease.

Thoracoscopic Sublobectomy for Lung Cancer in a Patient with Unilateral Absence of Pulmonary Artery: Case Report and Narrative Review.

Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery (UAPA) is an uncommon congenital anomaly. Among the rarer conditions, UAPA with lung cancer has been previously reported in 13 cases; however, there remains controversy regarding the surgical approach and precautions. Herein, we present a case study of a 56-year-old female patient who was incidentally diagnosed with a nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung during a routine physical examination and subsequently found to have an absent right pulmonary artery upon preoperative evaluation.

Mesenchymal-epithelial interaction regulates gastrointestinal tract development in mouse embryos.

After gut tube patterning in early embryos, the cellular and molecular changes of developing stomach and intestine remain largely unknown. Here, combining single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial RNA sequencing, we construct a spatiotemporal transcriptomic landscape of the mouse stomach and intestine during embryonic days E9.5-E15.

BMP gradient along the intestinal villus axis controls zonated enterocyte and goblet cell states.

Intestinal epithelial cells derive from stem cells at the crypt base and travel along the crypt-villus axis to die at the villus tip. The two dominant villus epithelial cell types, absorptive enterocytes and mucous-secreting goblet cells, are mature when they exit crypts. Murine enterocytes switch functional cell states during migration along the villus.

DDB1 promotes the proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes during mouse skeleton development.

The proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes play important roles in endochondral ossification, which is tightly regulated during skeleton development. However, the regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we show that DDB1 (Damaged DNA Binding Protein 1) has a critical function in the development of growth plates.

[Purification, identification and characterization of an endoglucanase Egn20 from Fusarium sp. Q7-31T].

Objective: The endoglucanase from Fusarium sp. Q7-31T was isolated, purified, identified and characterized to provide data for enzyme system of Fusarium sp. .