Salinity-induced capsaicin biosynthesis in L.: mechanistic and molecular insights into its potential role in prostate adenocarcinoma.

Prostate cancer incidence is expected to double by 2040, with related deaths rising by 80% highlighting the urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. This growing concern has increased interest in utilising natural plant compounds for cancer therapies. Capsaicin, a key component of L.

Self-assessment in machines boosts human Trust.

Low trust in autonomous systems remains a significant barrier to adoption and performance. To effectively increase trust in these systems, machines must perform actions to calibrate human trust based on an accurate assessment of both their capability and human trust in real time. Existing efforts demonstrate the value of trust calibration in improving team performance but overlook the importance of machine self-assessment capabilities in the trust calibration process.

Utilizing UHPLC-HRMS-metabolomic profiling to uncover enhanced bioactive potential and health benefits in chili (Capsicum annum L.) under salinity stress.

The modern emphasis on food quality, nutritional value, and health benefits has increased demand for nutrient-rich foods. Incorporating functional foods with enhanced nutritional profiles into diets is becoming a key strategy in addressing chronic and acute diseases. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted on the 'Kashi Ratna' cultivar of Capsicum annuum L.

UV-B orchestration of growth, yield and grain quality traits highlights modifications of source-to-sink relationship in pearl millet cultivars.

Climate change and stratospheric ozone layer dynamics have altered the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation, affecting the growth, yield, and metabolic responses of major cereal crops. As a result, to meet the future demand scenario for growing population and health concerns, millets have been recognized as important substitutes. Among them, pearl millet has shown resilience against various abiotic stresses, but its response to UV-B radiation has not yet been explored.

Mechanistic insights on physiological, biochemical, and metabolite profiling of pearl millet cultivars focusing bioactive compounds under elevated UV-B radiation.

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a potent stressor showing functional duality in plants. The escalating impact of climate change and UV-B radiation trigger a series of stress acclimation responses in plants, which are initiated through UVR8 signaling and result in accumulation of secondary metabolites. The impact of UV-B on major cereal crops has been explored, but its impact on pearl millet has not been investigated, specifically secondary metabolites linked with beneficial bioactive compounds.

Isolation and identification of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria from Cucumber plants irrigated with wastewater: Exploring their roles in plant growth promotion and disease suppression.

Wastewater contains various emerging contaminants, including heavy metals, residues of pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, irrigation with wastewater can enhance heavy metal contamination in soil and adversely affect plant growth. To mitigate this problem, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) can improve plant growth under heavy metal stress.

Spontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in vivo reveals differential cortico-entorhinal functional connectivity.

Understanding the functional connectivity between brain regions and its emergent dynamics is a central challenge. Here we present a theory-experiment hybrid approach involving iteration between a minimal computational model and in vivo electrophysiological measurements. Our model not only predicted spontaneous persistent activity (SPA) during Up-Down-State oscillations, but also inactivity (SPI), which has never been reported.

Effectiveness of bio-effectors on maize, wheat and tomato performance and phosphorus acquisition from greenhouse to field scales in Europe and Israel: a meta-analysis.

Biostimulants (Bio-effectors, BEs) comprise plant growth-promoting microorganisms and active natural substances that promote plant nutrient-acquisition, stress resilience, growth, crop quality and yield. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of BEs, particularly under field conditions, appears highly variable and poorly quantified. Using random model meta-analyses tools, we summarize the effects of 107 BE treatments on the performance of major crops, mainly conducted within the EU-funded project BIOFECTOR with a focus on phosphorus (P) nutrition, over five years.

A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors.

Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification.

Salt stress resilience in plants mediated through osmolyte accumulation and its crosstalk mechanism with phytohormones.

Salinity stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that influence critical metabolic processes in the plant. Salinity stress limits plant growth and development by adversely affecting various physiological and biochemical processes. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced salinity stress subsequently alters macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and thus constrains crop productivity.

Experimental and real-world evidence supporting the computational repurposing of bumetanide for -related Alzheimer's disease.

The evident genetic, pathological, and clinical heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses challenges for traditional drug development. We conducted a computational drug repurposing screen for drugs to treat apolipoprotein (apo) E4-related AD. We first established apoE-genotype-dependent transcriptomic signatures of AD by analyzing publicly-available human brain database.

Transcription Factor GATA4 Regulates Cell Type-Specific Splicing Through Direct Interaction With RNA in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors.

Background: GATA4 (GATA-binding protein 4), a zinc finger-containing, DNA-binding transcription factor, is essential for normal cardiac development and homeostasis in mice and humans, and mutations in this gene have been reported in human heart defects. Defects in alternative splicing are associated with many heart diseases, yet relatively little is known about how cell type- or cell state-specific alternative splicing is achieved in the heart. Here, we show that GATA4 regulates cell type-specific splicing through direct interaction with RNA and the spliceosome in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors.

Introducing R as a smart version of calculators enables beginners to explore it on their own.

Rapid technological advances in the past decades have enabled molecular biologists to generate large-scale and complex data with affordable resource investments, or obtain such data from public repositories. Yet, many graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and senior researchers in the biosciences find themselves ill-equipped to analyze large-scale data. Global surveys have revealed that active researchers prefer short training workshops to fill their skill gaps.

Transcription factor protein interactomes reveal genetic determinants in heart disease.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is present in 1% of live births, yet identification of causal mutations remains challenging. We hypothesized that genetic determinants for CHDs may lie in the protein interactomes of transcription factors whose mutations cause CHDs. Defining the interactomes of two transcription factors haplo-insufficient in CHD, GATA4 and TBX5, within human cardiac progenitors, and integrating the results with nearly 9,000 exomes from proband-parent trios revealed an enrichment of de novo missense variants associated with CHD within the interactomes.

Moving bar of light evokes vectorial spatial selectivity in the immobile rat hippocampus.

Visual cortical neurons encode the position and motion direction of specific stimuli retrospectively, without any locomotion or task demand. The hippocampus, which is a part of the visual system, is hypothesized to require self-motion or a cognitive task to generate allocentric spatial selectivity that is scalar, abstract and prospective. Here we measured rodent hippocampal selectivity to a moving bar of light in a body-fixed rat to bridge these seeming disparities.

Transient Cell Cycle Induction in Cardiomyocytes to Treat Subacute Ischemic Heart Failure.

Background: The regenerative capacity of the heart after myocardial infarction is limited. Our previous study showed that ectopic introduction of 4 cell cycle factors (4F; CDK1 [cyclin-dependent kinase 1], CDK4 [cyclin-dependent kinase 4], CCNB [cyclin B1], and CCND [cyclin D1]) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in 15% to 20% of infected cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice.

Methods: Using temporal single-cell RNA sequencing, we aimed to identify the necessary reprogramming stages during the forced cardiomyocyte proliferation with 4F on a single cell basis.

scNetViz: from single cells to networks using Cytoscape.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized molecular biology and medicine by enabling high-throughput studies of cellular heterogeneity in diverse tissues. Applying network biology approaches to scRNA-seq data can provide useful insights into genes driving heterogeneous cell-type compositions of tissues. Here, we present a Cytoscape app to aid biological interpretation of cell clusters in scRNA-seq data using network analysis.

Trends of adult height in India from 1998 to 2015: Evidence from the National Family and Health Survey.

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the trends in adult height between two consecutive surveys of NHFS and explore differences across variables such as gender, wealth, social groups etc.

Methods: We used the NFHS-II (1998-99), NFHS-III (2005-2006) and NFHS-IV (2015-16) (all three for women and last two for men) data to examine the trends in average height. Comparison was done between the two age strata of 15-25 and 26-50 years, across both male and female, to assess the trends.

Phenotypic Differences between the Alzheimer's Disease-Related hAPP-J20 Model and Heterozygous Knock-Out Mice.

Diverse gene products contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental models have helped elucidate their mechanisms and impact on brain functions. Human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice from line J20 (hAPP-J20 mice) are widely used to simulate key aspects of AD.

Urn models for stochastic gene expression yield intuitive insights into the probability distributions of single-cell mRNA and protein counts.

Fitting the probability mass functions from analytical solutions of stochastic models of gene expression to the single-cell count distributions of mRNA and protein molecules can yield valuable insights into mechanisms underlying gene expression. Solutions of chemical master equations are available for various kinetic schemes but, even for the basic ON-OFF genetic switch, they take complex forms with generating functions given as hypergeometric functions. Interpretation of gene expression dynamics in terms of bursts is not consistent with the complete range of parameters for these functions.

Stability and nuclear localization of yeast telomerase depend on protein components of RNase P/MRP.

RNase P and MRP are highly conserved, multi-protein/RNA complexes with essential roles in processing ribosomal and tRNAs. Three proteins found in both complexes, Pop1, Pop6, and Pop7 are also telomerase-associated. Here, we determine how temperature sensitive POP1 and POP6 alleles affect yeast telomerase.

Artificial plant optimization algorithm to detect heart rate & presence of heart disease using machine learning.

In today's world, cardiovascular diseases are prevalent becoming the leading cause of death; more than half of the cardiovascular diseases are due to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) which generates the demand of predicting them timely so that people can take precautions or treatment before it becomes fatal. For serving this purpose a Modified Artificial Plant Optimization (MAPO) algorithm has been proposed which can be used as an optimal feature selector along with other machine learning algorithms to predict the heart rate using the fingertip video dataset which further predicts the presence or absence of Coronary Heart Disease in an individual at the moment. Initially, the video dataset has been pre-processed, noise is filtered and then MAPO is applied to predict the heart rate with a Pearson correlation and Standard Error Estimate of 0.

Analytical Expressions and Physics for Single-Cell mRNA Distributions of the lac Operon of E. coli.

Mechanistic models of stochastic gene expression are of considerable interest, but their complexity often precludes tractable analytical expressions for messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein distributions. The lac operon of Escherichia coli is a model system with regulatory elements such as multiple operators and DNA looping that are shared by many operons. Although this system is complex, intuition suggests that fast DNA looping may simplify it by causing the repressor-bound states of the operon to equilibrate rapidly, thus ensuring that the subsequent dynamics are governed by slow transitions between the repressor-free and the equilibrated repressor-bound states.