Development of the Child Image Assessment Scale for Older Adults (CIAO): REPRINTS Cohort Study.

Although many scales measure children's image of older adults, none measure the image that older adults hold of children. This study creates a new scale with reference to previous studies. Using a preliminary survey, we examined whether the Child Image Scale originally designed for teachers could be applied to older adults; however, we found that it was insufficiently reliable.

The Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Inhibits the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells and Alters microRNA Signatures.

Background/aim: The polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a primary catechin found in green tea, is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cultured cells. However, its effect on gastric cancer cells and its effects on miRNA expression remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effects of EGCG on gastric cancer cells and and analyze the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EGCG-treated gastric cancer cells, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG.

Antitumor Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Colorectal Cancer: An and Study.

Background/aim: Tea consumption is widely reported to have beneficial effects on cancer prevention. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive component of green tea, has demonstrated anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cell types. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of EGCG on human colon and colorectal cancer cells both and and to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with its antitumor activity.

Glacier preservation doubled by limiting warming to 1.5°C versus 2.7°C.

Glaciers adapt slowly to changing climatic conditions, with long-term implications for sea-level rise and water supply. Using eight glacier models, we simulated global glacier evolution over multicentennial timescales, allowing glaciers to equilibrate with climate under various constant global temperature scenarios. We estimate that glaciers globally will lose 39 (range, 15 to 55)% of their mass relative to 2020, corresponding to a global mean sea-level rise of 113 (range, 43 to 204) mm even if temperatures stabilized at present-day conditions.

Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of brachial plexus ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of brachial plexus cross-sectional area (BP-CSA) measured by nerve ultrasound (NUS) for differentiating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from controls.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted including patients with ALS and control patients who underwent NUS evaluation of the BP-CSA and the cervical nerve root CSA (C-CSA). Reference values for BP-CSA were built using reference cohort.

Efficacy of olanzapine as an antiemetic drug for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Although the addition of olanzapine to conventional antiemetic therapy has been reported to be useful for systemic chemotherapy with highly emetogenic agents such as cisplatin, no studies have evaluated its efficacy in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the antiemetic efficacy of olanzapine in patients with HCC undergoing cisplatin-based TACE. This prospective study included 68 patients with HCC scheduled for cisplatin-based TACE between 2021 and 2022.

Acidity-driven gas-particle partitioning of nitrate regulates its transport to Arctic through the industrial era.

Anthropogenic NO emissions have altered the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle since the Industrial Revolution, yet Arctic ice core nitrate (NO) records are inconsistent with post-1970s NO emission reductions. Here we show a NO deposition history covering 1800-2020 using an ice core from the southeastern Greenland dome with high snow accumulation. The ice core NO concentrations are particularly disconnected from NO source regions during the peak pollution period and post-1990s.

A Noninvasive Method of Diagnosing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Using Cytokeratin-18 Fragment and FIB-3 Index.

We aim to determine if cytokeratin-18 fragment (CK-18F) could be used to diagnose metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). A total of 289 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) were enrolled in the analysis. To evaluate the association between CK-18F levels and the histological features of MASH, weighted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.

One-Step Low-Temperature Synthesis of Metastable ε-Iron Carbide Nanoparticles with Unique Catalytic Properties Beyond Conventional Iron Catalysts.

ε-Iron carbide has garnered increasing interest for its superior magnetic characteristics and catalytic performance compared to other iron carbides. However, its metastable nature has posed significant challenges for synthesis, often requiring ultrahigh pressure, multistep processes, complex reaction condition control, and highly toxic reagents. Consequently, the properties of ε-iron carbide remain largely unexplored.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in a case of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with pre-existing anti-SOX1 antibody.

Neurological immune-related adverse events can manifest as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS), especially in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). We herein report a 73-year-old man with SCLC treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combined with chemotherapy. Although the chemo-immunotherapy induced a favorable response to SCLC, he later developed acute cerebellar ataxia.

Circulating miR-485-3p as a biomarker for VEGF-associated therapeutic response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: In atezolizumab/bevacizumab (atezo/bev) therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the tumor immune environment is regulated through vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) inhibition to maximize immune checkpoint blockade; however, evidence for VEGFA as a biomarker is limited. This study aimed to investigate serum VEGFA and associated microRNAs (miRNAs) as rapid biomarkers and their regulatory mechanisms in the microenvironment of HCC.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with atezo/bev therapy were enrolled and assigned into objective response (OR) and non-OR groups according to the best therapeutic response in 12 weeks using the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.

Usefulness of Repeated Lusutrombopag Administration in Clinical Practice and its Correlation with the Simulation Software-Predicted Platelet Count: A Multicenter Study.

Objective Lusutrombopag is recommended for severe thrombocytopenia (<5.0×10/μL) in patients with chronic liver disease who are scheduled to undergo invasive procedures. However, reports on the efficacy of repeated lusutrombopag dosing are scarce.

Transarterial Chemoembolization for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Miriplatin Without the Need for Hydration.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with a rising incidence. The most common therapeutic choice for HCC is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). While the standard protocol of TACE adopts cisplatin, the application of cisplatin needs hydration before and after the procedure to alleviate adverse effects on kidney function.

Pronation angle changes with progression of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

We evaluated thumb pronation angles in patients with trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Patients with a significantly decreased pronation angle showed a moderate correlation with the Eaton-Littler classification. Weakness of opponens pollicis function is associated with the development of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

Development of novel nucleic acid therapy aimed at directly controlling liver fibrosis.

Currently, no drugs directly treat liver fibrosis. Previously, we have shown that treatment with miR-29a-3p improved liver fibrosis in a mouse model. To investigate the effectiveness of nucleic acid therapy at a lower dose, a modified nucleic acid was prepared based on miR-29a-3p.

Galectins and Liver Diseases.

Galectins are widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, from marine sponges to mammals. Galectins are a family of soluble lectins that specifically recognize β-galactoside-containing glycans and are categorized into three subgroups based on the number and function of their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). The interaction of galectins with specific ligands mediates a wide range of biological activities, depending on the cell type, tissue context, expression levels of individual galectin, and receptor involvement.

Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Do Not Correlate with Survival Times in Patients with Prion Disease.

Prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), are deadly neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the buildup of abnormal prion proteins in the brain. This accumulation disrupts neuronal functions, leading to the rapid onset of psychiatric symptoms, ataxia, and cognitive decline. The urgency of timely diagnosis for effective treatment necessitates the identification of strongly correlated biomarkers in bodily fluids, which makes our research crucial.

Thermally Controlled -site Cation Ordering and Coupled Polarity in Double Perovskite NaLaZrO.

-site cation ordering in double perovskites is crucially important for their physical properties. In this study, polycrystalline samples of Zr-based double perovskite NaLaZrO were synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reactions, and the influence of the heating temperature and cooling rate on their crystal structures was investigated using synchrotron X-ray diffractometry and optical second harmonic generation. The samples prepared at 1200 °C, followed by slow cooling to room temperature, crystallize in a polar 2 structure, exhibiting partial -site cation ordering, with Na- and La-rich -site layers alternately stacked along the axis.

Cervical Spine Range of Motion and Sleep Disturbances in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common and distressing among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), often resulting in a cycle of worsening skin conditions. Among various factors affecting sleep in AD, cervical spine movement has been suggested to influence sleep quality; however, these studies mostly relied on subjective measures. Owing to the lack of objective and quantitative analyses of cervical spine movement, its association with sleep disturbances remains poorly understood.

Efficiency of Skeletal Muscle Mass/Weight Measurement for Distinguishing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Prospective Analysis Using InBody Bioimpedance Devices.

Background/objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is diagnosed when hepatic steatosis is proven by imaging and one of the five cardiometabolic criteria is present. The relationship between MASLD and body composition components has recently received increased research attention. However, the five cardiometabolic criteria do not include components of body composition.

Immune Microenvironment and the Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Systemic therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has progressed with the development of multiple kinases, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, targeting cancer growth and angiogenesis. Additionally, the efficacy of sorafenib, regorafenib, lenvatinib, ramucirumab, and cabozantinib has been demonstrated in various clinical trials, and they are now widely used in clinical practice. Furthermore, the development of effective immune checkpoint inhibitors has progressed in systemic therapy for unresectable HCC, and atezolizumab + bevacizumab (atezo/bev) therapy and durvalumab + tremelimumab therapy are now recommended as first-line treatment.

Decompensated Cirrhosis with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in a Patient with Interrupted Treatment for Hypopituitarism.

A 32-year-old man presented with cirrhosis. At 8 years of age, he underwent resection of a craniopharyngioma, which resulted in panhypopituitarism. He underwent self-interrupted hormone replacement therapy at 20 years of age.

Treatment for Overgrowth of a Finger Owing to Vascular Malformations: A Case Report.

Treatment for mild macrodactyly with only overgrowth of the solitary finger caused by vascular malformations (VMs) is rarely reported. We encountered a case of right middle finger overgrowth resulting from a VM in a seven-year-old girl. The length of her middle finger was 7.

Th17 and effector CD8 T cells relate to disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case control study.

The immune system has garnered attention due to its association with disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the role of peripheral immune cells in this context remains controversial. Here, we conducted single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to comprehensively profile immune cells concerning the rate of disease progression in patients with ALS.