The association between muscle strength and z scores of pulmonary function.

Z scores and percent predicted values of spirometry parameters are widely used for the evaluation of pulmonary function and detection of respiratory diseases. Decreased pulmonary function should correlate with reduction of muscle strength although it is unclear whether z scores of respiratory parameters are associated with muscle strength. In a cohort of 398 adults, pulmonary function assessment and muscle strength measurement by handgrip strength and physical activity level were evaluated.

Non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a narrative review.

The high mortality rate and extended ventilator use associated with invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe COVID-19 have sparked a debate about the use of non-invasive respiratory support, such as high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), as treatment options. According to the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society clinical practice guidelines, NIV is recommended to prevent intubation in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in patients with community-acquired pneumonia or early acute respiratory distress syndrome without major organ dysfunction. Central to this debate is the role of NIV in managing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Unraveling functional decline: the relationship between muscle strength and ultrasound evaluation of biceps brachii thickness.

Skeletal muscle characteristics play a crucial role in understanding physical capacity, overall health, and outcomes. Muscle strength and muscle mass are key indicators of muscular function and sarcopenia. While previous research has explored biceps brachii muscle characteristics in isolation, there is a notable gap in comprehensive studies examining the direct correlation between biceps brachii muscle thickness (BMT), as measured by ultrasound, and muscle strength.

Vaccination coverage among adolescent athletes: Patterns, gaps, and implications for sports medicine.

Physical activity is fundamental for health. However, it could expose even young and healthy individuals to infections which can be prevented through vaccinations. We aimed to evaluate the vaccination status in a population of adolescent athletes, to identify possible sex-related differences, and the role of comorbidities on the immunization of athletes.

The role of diabetes mellitus on delirium onset: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Delirium may develop in association with an underlying cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and complicates one out of three medical admissions representing a significant economic burden for healthcare systems. However, a clear relationship between delirium onset and diabetes mellitus has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between DM and delirium with the following aims: (a) to assess the incidence of delirium among DM patients (b) to assess the risk of delirium onset in patients with DM (c) to assess the role of anti-diabetic drugs on delirium onset.

The Role of Stress Hyperglycemia on Delirium Onset.

Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that recognizes one or more underlying causal medical conditions. Stress hyperglycemia usually refers to transient hyperglycemia associated with stress conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and major surgery. Both delirium and stress hyperglycemia share common pathways, such as activation of inflammation.

Vitreous cortex remnants in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The terminology "vitreous cortex remnants" (VCR) indicates the outermost lamellae of vitreous cortex that remains attached to the retinal surface as a consequence of vitreoschisis. The relevance of VCR removal in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is unknown. We conducted a review from January 1, 2000, to July 30, 2023, examining 1493 eyes.

Time to negative conversion and cardiopulmonary performance in athletes with COVID-19.

https://bit.ly/3TMdrFL.

Frailty and Parkinson's disease: the role of diabetes mellitus.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, clinically characterized by motor and non-motor signs. Frailty is a clinical condition of increased vulnerability and negative health outcomes due to the loss of multiple physiological reserves. Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which characterize diabetes mellitus (DM), have been reported to alter dopaminergic activity, increase the risk of PD, and influence the development of frailty.

GATA3 and TGF-β in normal placenta and pre-eclampsia.

GATA3 plays critical roles in the development and function of various tissues and organs throughout the body. Likewise, TGF-β signaling is critical for placental development and can interact with GATA3. We aimed to investigate the involvement of the multifunctional cytokine and transcription factor in trophoblast development.

Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin.

Background: Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

Methods: We screened elders with prefrail hypertension from March 2021 to January 2023. We assessed the correlation linking cognitive dysfunction (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score), insulin resistance (triglyceride-to-glucose index), and physical impairment (5-meter gait speed).

The relationship between muscle strength and epicardial fat in healthy adults.

Background: Muscular strength and muscle mass are considered key factors for healthy ageing. Modification of body composition and redistribution of adipose tissue has been described in advanced age. Muscle strength has an important predictive role for health outcomes.

Frail hypertensive older adults with prediabetes and chronic kidney disease: insights on organ damage and cognitive performance - preliminary results from the CARYATID study.

Background: Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose significant public health challenges, sharing intertwined pathophysiological mechanisms. Prediabetes is recognized as a precursor to diabetes and is often accompanied by cardiovascular comorbidities such as hypertension, elevating the risk of pre-frailty and frailty. Albuminuria is a hallmark of organ damage in hypertension amplifying the risk of pre-frailty, frailty, and cognitive decline in older adults.

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in the evaluation of liver steatosis: data reliability in different respiratory phases and body positions.

Liver steatosis is the most common chronic liver disease and affects 10-24% of the general population. As the grade of disease can range from fat infiltration to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, an early diagnosis is needed to set the most appropriate therapy. Innovative noninvasive radiological techniques have been developed through MRI and US.

Ventilatory efficiency in post-COVID-19 athletes.

Limitation in exercise capacity has not been described in athletes affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, patients who have recovered from COVID-19 without cardiopulmonary impairment show exaggerated ventilatory response during exercise. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ventilatory efficiency (VEf) in competitive athletes recovered from COVID-19 and to characterize the ventilation versus carbon dioxide relationship (VE/VCO ) slope in this population.

The role of body composition on cardio-respiratory fitness in futsal competitive athletes.

Futsal is an intermittent high intensity sport which has become popular worldwide. Body composition and physical fitness have been studied in different sports disciplines. However, little is known regarding body composition and cardio-respiratory performance in competitive futsal players.

Long-Term Physical Activity Effectively Reduces the Consumption of Antihypertensive Drugs: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Although physical activity (PA) has been shown to enhance hypertension control, the impact of exercise on the potential decrease of the use of antihypertensive medications remains inadequately researched.

Aim: The aim was to assess the impact of a two-year PA on the medication requirements of individuals with hypertension.

Methods: A clinical trial was conducted, involving 130 participants with essential hypertension who took at least one antihypertensive medication.

Self-reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination in athletes: A retrospective study.

Billions of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered worldwide. However, limited data on side effects have been reported in athletes. This study aimed to describe the incidence of side effects following COVID-19 vaccination in athletes and to identify the factors associated with the main side effects in this population.