Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in the absence of tuberous sclerosis complex: illustrative case.

Background: The authors present a rare case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in a patient without tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and report characteristics of similar cases in the literature via a systematic review.

Observations: A healthy 16-year-old male presented with headache and papilledema and was found to have an intraventricular mass. The mass was resected, and pathological analysis revealed SEGA.

Nucleobase and Linker Modification for Triple-Helical Recognition of Pyrimidines in RNA Using Peptide Nucleic Acids.

Triple-helical recognition of any sequence of double-stranded RNA requires high affinity Hoogsteen hydrogen binding to pyrimidine interruptions of polypurine tracts. Because pyrimidines have only one hydrogen bond donor/acceptor on Hoogsteen face, their triple-helical recognition is a formidable problem. The present study explored various five-membered heterocycles and linkers that connect nucleobases to backbone of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to optimize formation of X•C-G and Y•U-A triplets.

Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging With a Manganese-Based Alternative to Gadolinium for Tissue Characterization of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is an effective and reproducible method for characterizing myocardial infarction. However, gadolinium-based contrast agents are contraindicated in patients with acute and chronic renal insufficiency. In addition, several recent studies have noted tissue deposition of free gadolinium in patients who have undergone serial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Asynchronous magnetic resonance elastography: Shear wave speed reconstruction using noise correlation of incoherent waves.

Purpose: The noninvasive measurement of biological tissue elasticity is an evolving technology that enables the robust characterization of soft tissue mechanics for a wide array of biomedical engineering and clinical applications. We propose, design, and implement here a new MRI technique termed asynchronous magnetic resonance elastography (aMRE) that pushes the measurement technology toward a driverless implementation. This technique can be added to clinical MRI scanners without any additional specialized hardware.

Apply MIKE 11 model to study impacts of climate change on water resources and develop adaptation plan in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: a case of Can Tho city.

Can Tho city in the Mekong Delta is in the top ten areas affected by climate change. Therefore, assessing climate change impacts, social and economic activities require proposed solutions to respond to climate change. This study aims to (i) apply the MIKE 11 model (Hydrodynamic module and Advection-Dispersion module) to simulate the impacts of climate change scenarios on water resources in Can Tho city; (ii) calculate water balance in Can Tho city; and (iii) suggest climate change adaptation plan for sustainable social-economic activities of the city.

Hydrological impacts of future climate and land use/cover changes in the Lower Mekong Basin: a case study of the Srepok River Basin, Vietnam.

This study presents hydrological impacts of future climate change (CC) and land use/cover change (LUCC) for the Srepok River Basin (SRB) in the Vietnam's Central Highlands. The hydrology cycle of this basin was reproduced using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) allowing an evaluation of hydrological responses to CC and LUCC. Future climate scenarios of the 2015-2100 period under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.

Dynamic multivariate analysis for pollution assessment and river habitat conservation in the Vietnamese La Buong watershed.

Analysis of temporal patterns of high-dimensional time-series water quality data is essential for pollution management worldwide. This study has applied dynamic factor analysis (DFA) and cluster analysis (CA) to analyze time-series water quality data monitored at the five stations installed along the La Buong river in Southern Vietnam. Application of the DFA identified two types of temporal patterns, one of the run-off driven parameters (total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, and iron) and the other of diffuse source pollution.

The responses of river discharge and sediment load to historical land-use/land-cover change in the Mekong River Basin.

The large river basins throughout the world have undergone land-use/land-cover (LULC)-induced changes in river discharge and sediment load. Evaluating these changes is consequently important for efficient management of soil and water resources. In addition, these changes in the transboundary Mekong River Basin (Mekong RB) are not well-known.

The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management.

Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally, yet their impacts are still increasing. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced.

The effects of climate variability and land-use change on streamflow and nutrient loadings in the Sesan, Sekong, and Srepok (3S) River Basin of the Lower Mekong Basin.

This paper aimed at examining the climate variability and land-use change effects on streamflow and pollutant loadings, namely total suspended sediment (TSS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P), in the Sesan, Sekong, and Srepok (3S) River Basin in the period 1981-2010. The well-calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used for this purpose. Compared to the reference period, climate variability was found to be responsible to a 1.

Series of M-MOF-184 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) Metal-Organic Frameworks for Catalysis Cycloaddition of CO.

In light of the chemical exploitation of CO, new reusable materials for efficiently catalyzing the cycloaddition of CO and epoxides under moderate conditions are needed. Herein, a new series of isostructural metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) M(EDOB) [EDOB = 4,4'-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)bis(2-oxidobenzoate), M = Mg, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Fe], known as M-MOF-184, analogous to a well-studied MOF-74 structure, were synthesized and fully characterized. The M-MOF-184 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) frameworks exhibit accessible mesopore channels (24 Å) and high porosity.

A simple and cost-effective model for ventricular catheter placement training: technical note.

Objective: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is one of first cranial procedures neurosurgery residents are expected to perform independently. While proper training improves patient outcomes, there are few options for practicing EVD placement prior to placing the EVD in patients in a clinical setting. Proposed solutions to this include using cadaveric models and virtual simulations, but barriers exist with these as well in regard to authenticity.

Sellar/Suprasellar Ganglioglioma: Clinical Image.

Background: This report presents a rare presentation of a ganglioglioma in the sellar/suprasellar region. On the basis of the patient's presentation and imaging characteristics, the initial diagnosis was craniopharyngioma. While gangliogliomas are already rare brain tumors that are usually found in the frontal and temporal lobes of young patients, the presentation of this tumor in the sellar region is exceedingly rare.

Pediatric occipital condyle morphometric analysis using computed tomography with evaluation for occipital condyle screw placement.

Objective: Occipitocervical fusions in the pediatric population are rare but can be challenging because of the smaller anatomy. The procedure is even more exacting in patients with prior suboccipital craniectomy. A proposed method for occipitocervical fusion in such patients is the use of occipital condyle screws.

Dural Sandwich Technique for Hemicraniectomy and Benefits During Cranioplasty.

Objective: Hemicraniectomy is a commonly performed neurosurgical procedure used in the setting of medically refractory malignant intracranial hypertension. Complications from cranioplasty after hemicraniectomy can be significant, including infection and wound issues. Difficulty with scar tissue during exposure for cranioplasty can be challenging and can lead to prolonged surgical time and increased bleeding.

Active Viscoelasticity of Sarcomeres.

The perturbation response of muscle is important for the versatile, stable and agile control capabilities of animals. Muscle resists being stretched by developing forces in the passive tissues and in the active crossbridges. This review focuses on the active perturbation response of the sarcomere.

The intercostal nerve as a target for diagnostic biopsy.

OBJECTIVE Peripheral nerve biopsy is a useful tool in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies. Sural and gracilis nerves have become the most common targets for nerve biopsy. However, the yield of sural nerve biopsy is limited in patients who have motor neuropathies, and gracilis nerve biopsy presents technical challenges and increased complications.

Bilateral transverse sinus stenosis causing intracranial hypertension.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been associated with transverse sinus stenosis in a number of cases. Some authors advocate for stent placement when transverse sinus stenosis is responsible for pseudotumor symptoms. A 19-year-old man with IIH, bilateral transverse sinus stenosis was apparent on a CT venography, with reconstitution of the lateral sinus.

Persistent dyspnea and leg edema.

This case illustrates a complexity of confounding and overlapping symptoms that can masquerade as another diagnosis. A 56-year-old African American man with persistent dyspnea and leg edema was hospitalized three times in a period of 6 months. The patient was treated for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure.