Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in Adult Cardiac Surgery.

Importance: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is a well-known blood conservation technique, yet its adoption in the US remains low (<20%), and cardiac surgery remains the largest consumer of blood components. Increasing vulnerabilities in the US blood supply underscore the need to reassess ANH effectiveness in blood conservation.

Objective: To evaluate ANH use in perioperative transfusion and blood component use in patients undergoing surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Quantification of liver steatosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease based on body composition analysis.

Liver steatosis can be measured with ultrasound techniques such as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) on an equipped FibroScan. For more widespread screening and quantitative evaluation of liver steatosis, a predictive model using body composition data obtained by body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was developed. In the training cohort including 365 patients suspected of having metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, a stepwise selection method was used to determine the BIA-related variables associated with CAP.

Controlling Joint Instability Reduces Inflammatory Pain in Early Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background and aim Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by joint deformity and pain, both of which exert physical and psychological effects on affected individuals. The pain that often appears in the early stages is influenced by the production of inflammatory pain-related factors that respond to nociceptive stimulation from the periarticular tissues. These factors are expressed in small cells within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the spinal cord.

Incidence, kinetics, and clinical impact of thrombocytopenia in venovenous ECMO: insights from the multicenter observational PROTECMO study.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a recognized risk factor for bleeding during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This study determines the incidence, risk factors, and clinical relevance of thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusions during venovenous (VV) ECMO.

Methods: The multicenter, prospective observational PROTECMO study included 652 adult patients who received VV ECMO for respiratory failure.

Effectiveness of evocalcet for hypercalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) ineligible for surgery require medical management for hypercalcemia and osteoporosis. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the long-term effects of evocalcet on serum corrected calcium (cCa) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in PHPT. The study included 26 patients with PHPT and hypercalcemia treated with evocalcet (7 switched from cinacalcet) for at least 24 months.

Association of red blood cell distribution width/albumin ratio with renal prognosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The red blood cell distribution width/albumin ratio (RAR) has been reported to be a prognostic marker for adverse clinical outcomes. However, there is limited data on the relationship between RAR and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the effect of RAR on renal prognosis in patients with T2DM.

The relationship of the ratio of platelet distribution width to serum albumin with kidney disease progression in patients with hypertension.

Platelet distribution width (PDW), which represents the heterogeneity of platelet size, can predict a poor prognosis in various populations. However, the PDW-to-serum albumin ratio (PAR) has not been evaluated in any disease population, and whether the PAR could be a prognostic marker in hypertension remains unknown. The relationship between the PAR and adverse outcomes was examined retrospectively using longitudinal data of 1,578 patients with hypertension from the Fukushima Cohort Study.

Adjunct Therapy with Ipragliflozin Exerts Limited Effects on Kidney Protection in Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study Conducted at 25 Centers in Japan (IPRA-CKD).

: While sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated additional non-glycemic benefits for renal protection in individuals with type 2 diabetes, less evidence is available for those with type 1 diabetes (T1D). To determine whether the adjunctive use of the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin confers kidney protection in individuals with T1D, we retrospectively analyzed data from a real-world cohort examined at 25 centers in Japan. : We enrolled 359 subjects aged 20-74 years with T1D (IPRA group: 159 ipragliflozin users; control [CTRL] group: 200 non-users).

A Randomized Trial of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often receive red-cell transfusions, along with the associated risks and costs. Early intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution (i.e.

A prospective non-inferiority trial of pathogen reduced platelets compared to non-pathogen reduced platelets for correction of viscoelastic platelet function testing in cardiac surgery.

Background: Cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may alter platelet (PLT) function causing bleeding. The goal of this study is to evaluate the hemostatic effect of PRT-PLTs compared to untreated PLTs stored in platelet additive solution (PAS) following transfusion in bleeding patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective single-blinded two-arm noninferiority trial, patients being weaned off CPB were allocated to either a PRT-PLT or a standard PAS-PLT.

Association of antepartum anemia and red blood cell mass with racial and ethnic disparities in transfusion rates after cesarean delivery: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Antepartum anemia among patients undergoing cesarean deliveries has increased over the past decades in the United States. We hypothesized that red blood cell (RBC) mass, reflecting both prepartum anemia and body mass index (BMI), predicts transfusion risk after cesarean delivery beyond racial/ethnic categories.

Study Design And Methods: A retrospective analysis of cesarean deliveries from 2019 to 2021 was performed using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Bleeding Complications, Transfusion, and Acute Care Costs After Major Arthroplasty in Patients With Hereditary Bleeding Disorders: A National Healthcare Database Analysis.

Background: Advances in blood conservation have reduced the need for allogeneic transfusions in total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). This study aimed to assess whether perioperative bleeding complications, including hemorrhage/hematoma, allogeneic transfusions, and postoperative anemia, occurred at similar rates between patients with hereditary bleeding disorders (BDs) and controls. Using a national health care database, we assessed the use of clotting factor concentrates (CFCs), perioperative outcomes, and resource utilization.

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate vs Frozen Plasma for Coagulopathic Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery: The FARES-II Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Excessive bleeding is a common and prognostically important complication of cardiac surgery. For bleeding related to coagulation factor deficiency, frozen plasma is the most used therapy. Preliminary trials indicate that 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) may be a suitable alternative.

Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aims: This study determined the association of the glycaemia risk index (GRI), a novel comprehensive metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: We evaluated the relationship between GRI and intima-media thickness (IMT), gray-scale median (GSM), tissue characteristics of the carotid artery wall, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), using baseline data from a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1000 Japanese patients with T2DM free of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Results: The study subjects were 999 patients (age: 64.