Combined inflation and cooling method improves lung function in uncontrolled donation after circulatory death.

Objective: Currently, the two methods used to preserve lungs from uncontrolled donation after circulatory death-topical cooling and inflation-result in the suboptimal utilization of lungs. This study aimed to introduce an approach that combines cooling and inflation to investigate whether it improves lung conditions in a swine model, even if the lungs had been damaged with long-term warm ischemia, such as in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods: Donor lungs subjected to 1.

Similar Trend in Benefit of Adjuvant Platinum in Lung Cancer Patients Irrespective of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Status.

Objectives: Adjuvant osimertinib is currently the standard of care after pulmonary resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. Several guidelines recommended up to 4 cycles of adjuvant platinum-doublet before adjuvant osimertinib treatment. However, whether adjuvant platinum-doublet prolongs the overall survival (OS) of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC as it did in the unselected LACE meta-analysis cohort is unclear.

[Lung Volume Reduction Surgery in the Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Era:Reassessment of Indications and Strategies].

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction( BLVR) and lung volume reduction surgery( LVRS) represent two complementary strategies in the management of advanced emphysema. BLVR has emerged as a minimally invasive and reversible approach, demonstrating significant clinical benefit in carefully selected patients without collateral ventilation, supported by advances in physiological assessment and imaging technologies. LVRS, by contrast, remains a well-validated surgical option offering sustained improvements in pulmonary mechanics, exercise tolerance, and quality of life, particularly in patients with heterogeneous upper-lobe predominant disease.

Co-occurrence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary embolism as adverse events of adjuvant osimertinib treatment for EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a case report.

Background: Postoperative osimertinib for EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer has become the standard of care. However, its adverse events in clinical practice remain unclear. We report a case of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary embolism occurring simultaneously as adverse events during adjuvant osimertinib treatment.

Close Spatial Interactions between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Suppress Antitumor Immunity.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play immunosuppressive roles in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, they reportedly act as physical barriers preventing immune cell infiltration. However, the spatial relationships between CAFs and cancer cells in antitumor immunity remain unknown.

Downward hyperinflation of the native lung after right single lung transplantation for COPD: A case report highlighting diaphragmatic mobility.

A 60-year-old male with COPD underwent right single lung transplantation. Despite progressive hyperinflation of the native left lung, the transplanted lung maintained function, as downward expansion of the left lung displaced the diaphragm without compressing the mediastinum. This suggests diaphragm mobility, aided by the absence of the liver beneath the left diaphragm, contributes to favorable outcomes in right single lung transplantation by preventing mechanical compression of the transplanted lung.

Recurrent diffuse panbronchiolitis after lung transplantation: Off-label use of inhaled tobramycin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa control in a transplant recipient.

Objectives: This report highlights a clinical case of recurrent diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) after bilateral lung transplantation (LTx), with a focus on the therapeutic impact of off-label inhaled tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) in managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization.

Methods: A Japanese woman with a history of DPB experienced disease recurrence following bilateral LTx. Persistent colonization by P.

Primary chest wall sarcoma: advances in surgical management and outcomes.

Purpose: Although rare, primary chest wall sarcomas are complex malignancies necessitating optimal local control and comprehensive treatment. This study aimed to review 9 years of cases of primary chest wall sarcomas at a single institution, focusing on their histology, surgical management, and prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 19 patients undergoing chest wall resection for sarcoma from 2012 to 2020.

Comparable Clinical Outcomes Between Segmentectomy and Lobectomy for NSCLC With Unsuspected N1/N2: A Multicenter Real-World Data Study.

Background: Segmentectomy for lung cancer has been increasingly performed. However, evidence regarding the necessity of additional surgical resection after the diagnosis of unsuspected N1 or N2 lymph node metastasis is limited.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, real-world data study of patients with any clinical T and N0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy between 2012 and 2021 and who subsequently received a diagnosis of pathologic N1 or N2 lymph node metastasis.

Prognostic Analysis of Pathological Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring Major EGFR Mutations.

Background: While Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has favorable outcomes with targeted therapy, early-stage prognosis remains influenced by pathological factors and central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. The study aimed to clarify prognostic factors in pathological stage (pStage) I EGFR mutation-positive LUAD.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 2,191 pStage I LUAD cases with known EGFR status (excluding EGFR testing after recurrence) who received anatomical resection were included from multiple institutions in Japan.

Long short-term memory algorithm for personalized tacrolimus dosing: A simple and effective time series forecasting approach post-lung transplantation.

Background: Management of tacrolimus trough levels (TTLs) influences morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Several studies have explored pharmacokinetic and artificial intelligence models to monitor tacrolimus levels. However, many models depend on a wide range of variables, some of which, like genetic polymorphisms, are not commonly tested for in regular clinical practice.

Prophylactic effect of tissue flap in the prevention of bronchopleural fistula after surgery for lung cancer.

Purpose: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a serious complication of lung resection. To avoid BPF, the bronchial stump/anastomotic site is often covered with a flap of surrounding tissue. One risk factor for BPF is radical lung resection after induction chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer.

Somatic mutations in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes impact on antitumor immunity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exert clinical efficacy against various types of cancers by reinvigorating exhausted CD8 T cells that can expand and directly attack cancer cells (cancer-specific T cells) among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Although some reports have identified somatic mutations in TILs, their effect on antitumor immunity remains unclear. In this study, we successfully established 18 cancer-specific T cell clones, which have an exhaustion phenotype, from the TILs of four patients with melanoma.

Augmented humoral response to third and fourth dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in lung transplant recipients.

Background: Since lung transplant recipients (LTRs) exhibit low immunogenicity after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, optimal vaccine strategies for SARS-CoV-2 are required in LTRs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the third and fourth doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in LTRs.

Methods: We conducted a single-center study of 73 LTRs and 23 healthy controls (HCs).

Utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of tumor immune status in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the underlying biological rationale remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the potential utility of NLR as a surrogate biomarker for immune response to cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Methods: This retrospective study included the medical records of 120 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery at the study institution in 2012.

Adrenergic microenvironment driven by cancer-associated Schwann cells contributes to chemoresistance in patients with lung cancer.

Doublecortin (DCX)-positive neural progenitor-like cells are purported components of the cancer microenvironment. The number of DCX-positive cells in tissues reportedly correlates with cancer progression; however, little is known about the mechanism by which these cells affect cancer progression. Here we demonstrated that DCX-positive cells, which are found in all major histological subtypes of lung cancer, are cancer-associated Schwann cells (CAS) and contribute to the chemoresistance of lung cancer cells by establishing an adrenergic microenvironment.

Effective division of the intersegmental plane using a robotic stapler in robotic pulmonary segmentectomy.

Purposes: Robot-assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) segmentectomy is becoming increasingly common because of the expanded indications for segmentectomy and the widespread adoption of robotic surgery. The precise division of the intersegmental plane is necessary to ensure oncologic margins from the tumor and to preserve the lung function. In this study, we present a strategy for accurately dividing the intersegmental plane using a robotic stapler and review the surgical outcomes.

Postoperative Complications in Living Donors for Lung Transplantation.

Background: Living donor lobar lung transplantation is a life-saving procedure for critically ill patients. This requires 2 healthy donors exposed to risks and without medical benefit. Therefore, the donor's safety and minimal postoperative complications are crucial.

Plasma concentrations of histidine-rich glycoprotein in primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

Objectives: Histidine-rich glycoprotein has been reported as an anti-inflammatory glycoprotein that inhibits acute lung injury in mice with sepsis and as a prognostic biomarker in patients with sepsis. We investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of histidine-rich glycoprotein and the risk of occurrence of primary graft dysfunction.

Methods: According to the primary graft dysfunction grade at post-transplant 72 h, patients who underwent lung transplantation were divided into three groups: non-primary graft dysfunction group (grade 0-1), moderate primary graft dysfunction group (grade 2), and severe primary graft dysfunction group (grade 3).

[Perioperative Management for Patients with Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders].

In recent years, the number of surgical cases involving patients with comorbidities has been increasing due to the aging society. Such patients may have a higher risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Therefore, surgeons are required to evaluate the current control status of the comorbidity, and perform appropriate perioperative management to decrease perioperative risk.