Breath Analysis of Propofol and Associated Metabolic Signatures: A Pilot Study Using Secondary Electrospray Ionization-High-resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic for total IV anesthesia. Although it is generally safe, rare but serious complications can occur in vulnerable groups, such as critically ill patients and children. Clinicians often rely on surrogate measures ( e.

Urinary marker of oxidative stress in children correlates with molecules in exhaled breath.

Real-time breath analysis has shown potential as a non-invasive method for detecting oxidative stress and airway inflammation. However, there is a lack of data on the association of full-breath profiles with established urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and respiratory inflammation, which could help advance the implementation of this method in clinical practice. We analyzed breath profiles of 25 tobacco smoke-exposed and 103 non-exposed children via real-time secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) and determined in parallel the urinary concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress and respiratory inflammation.

Early detection of bacterial pneumonia by characteristic induced odor signatures.

Introduction: The ability to detect pathogenic bacteria before the onsets of severe respiratory symptoms and to differentiate bacterial infection allows to improve patient-tailored treatment leading to a significant reduction in illness severity, comorbidity as well as antibiotic resistance. As such, this study refines the application of the non-invasive Secondary Electrospray Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) methodology for real-time and early detection of human respiratory bacterial pathogens in the respiratory tract of a mouse infection model.

Methods: A real-time analysis of changes in volatile metabolites excreted by mice undergoing a lung infection by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae were evaluated using a SESI-HRMS instrument.

Pharmacometabolomics via real-time breath analysis captures metabotypes of asthmatic children associated with salbutamol responsiveness.

Asthma is a widespread respiratory disease affecting millions of children. Salbutamol is a well-established bronchodilator available to treat asthma. However, response to bronchodilators is very heterogeneous, particularly in children.

Metabolic trajectories of diabetic ketoacidosis onset described by breath analysis.

Purpose: This feasibility study aimed to investigate the use of exhaled breath analysis to capture and quantify relative changes of metabolites during resolution of acute diabetic ketoacidosis under insulin and rehydration therapy.

Methods: Breath analysis was conducted on 30 patients of which 5 with DKA. They inflated Nalophan bags, and their metabolic content was subsequently interrogated by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS).

Preservation of exhaled breath samples for analysis by off-line SESI-HRMS: proof-of-concept study.

Secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is an established technique in the field of breath analysis characterized by its short analysis time, as well as high levels of sensitivity and selectivity. Traditionally, SESI-HRMS has been used for real-time breath analysis, which requires subjects to be at the location of the analytical platform. Therefore, it limits the possibilities for an introduction of this methodology in day-to-day clinical practice.

Prediction of systemic free and total valproic acid by off-line analysis of exhaled breath in epileptic children and adolescents.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of medications with a narrow therapeutic window is a common clinical practice to minimize toxic effects and maximize clinical outcomes. Routine analyses rely on the quantification of systemic blood concentrations of drugs. Alternative matrices such as exhaled breath are appealing because of their inherent non-invasive nature.

Real-Time Volatile Metabolomics Analysis of Dendritic Cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) actively sample and present antigen to cells of the adaptive immune system and are thus vital for successful immune control and memory formation. Immune cell metabolism and function are tightly interlinked, and a better understanding of this interaction offers potential to develop immunomodulatory strategies. However, current approaches for assessing the immune cell metabolome are often limited by end-point measurements, may involve laborious sample preparation, and may lack unbiased, temporal resolution of the metabolome.

UHPLC-MS/MS-Based Identity Confirmation of Amino Acids Involved in Response to and Side Effects from Antiseizure Medications.

Real-time breath analysis using secondary electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry is a fast and noninvasive method to access the metabolic state of a person. However, it lacks the ability to unequivocally assign mass spectral features to compounds due to the absence of chromatographic separation. This can be overcomed by using exhaled breath condensate and conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) systems.

An interoperability framework for multicentric breath metabolomic studies.

Exhaled breath contains valuable information at the molecular level and offers promising potential for precision medicine. However, few breath tests transition to routine clinical practice, partly because of the missing validation in multicenter trials. Therefore, we developed and applied an interoperability framework for standardized multicenter data acquisition and processing for breath analysis with secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Rapid detection of and by real-time analysis of volatile metabolites.

Early detection of pathogenic bacteria is needed for rapid diagnostics allowing adequate and timely treatment of infections. In this study, we show that secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) can be used as a diagnostic tool for rapid detection of bacterial infections as a supportive system for current state-of-the-art diagnostics. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by growing .

Personalised therapeutic management of epileptic patients guided by pathway-driven breath metabolomics.

Background: Therapeutic management of epilepsy remains a challenge, since optimal systemic antiseizure medication (ASM) concentrations do not always correlate with improved clinical outcome and minimal side effects. We tested the feasibility of noninvasive real-time breath metabolomics as an extension of traditional therapeutic drug monitoring for patient stratification by simultaneously monitoring drug-related and drug-modulated metabolites.

Methods: This proof-of-principle observational study involved 93 breath measurements of 54 paediatric patients monitored over a period of 2.

Health insurance support on maternal health care: evidence from survey data in India.

Background: Maternal health care financing is key to the smooth functioning of health systems in a country. In India, maternal health care still persists as a major public health issue. Adequate health insurance could transform the utilization of maternal health care services.

Comparison of Plasma Ionization- and Secondary Electrospray Ionization- High-resolution Mass Spectrometry for Real-time Breath Analysis.

Real-time breath analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a promising method to noninvasively retrieve relevant biochemical information. In this work, we conducted a head-to-head comparison of two ionization techniques: Secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) and plasma ionization (PI), for the analysis of exhaled breath. Two commercially available SESI and PI sources were coupled to the same HRMS device to analyze breath of two healthy individuals in a longitudinal study.

Combination of Exhaled Breath Analysis with Parallel Lung Function and FeNO Measurements in Infants.

Breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) offers the possibility to measure comprehensive metabolic profiles. The technology is currently being deployed in several clinical settings in Switzerland and China. However, patients are required to exhale directly into the device located in a dedicated room.

In vivo monitoring of volatile metabolic trajectories enables rapid diagnosis of influenza A infection.

We report that influenza A virus infection induces changes in odor traits that could be captured by real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry in a living mouse model. The most striking changes in the volatile metabolites may be associated mostly to glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism.

Real-time breath analysis of exhaled compounds upon peppermint oil ingestion by secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry: technical aspects.

Breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) has potential for clinical diagnosis and drug monitoring. However, there is still a lack of benchmarking data that shows the capability of this technique and allows comparability with other breath analysis techniques. In this regard, the goal of this study was the identification of volatile compounds upon ingestion of a specific peppermint oil capsule to get benchmark data for real-time breath analysis with SESI-HRMS.

Standardization procedures for real-time breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Despite the attractiveness of breath analysis as a non-invasive means to retrieve relevant metabolic information, its introduction into routine clinical practice remains a challenge. Among all the different analytical techniques available to interrogate exhaled breath, secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) offers a number of advantages (e.g.

MINA-1 and WAGO-4 are part of regulatory network coordinating germ cell death and RNAi in C. elegans.

Post-transcriptional control of mRNAs by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) has a prominent role in the regulation of gene expression. RBPs interact with mRNAs to control their biogenesis, splicing, transport, localization, translation, and stability. Defects in such regulation can lead to a wide range of human diseases from neurological disorders to cancer.

Real-Time Monitoring of Tricarboxylic Acid Metabolites in Exhaled Breath.

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the most important metabolic pathway for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. It provides and collects intermediates for many other interconnecting pathways and acts as a hub connecting metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. Alteration in intracellular levels of its intermediates has been linked with a wide range of illnesses ranging from cancer to cellular necrosis or liver cirrhosis.

Translating secondary electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry to the clinical environment.

While there has been progress in making use of breath tests to guide clinical decision making, the full potential of exhaled breath analysis still remains to be exploited. Here we summarize some of the reasons why this is the case, what we have done so far to overcome some of the existing obstacles, and our vision of how we think breath analysis will play a more prominent role in the coming years. In particular, we envision that real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry will provide valuable information in biomarker discovery studies.

Differential regulation of germ line apoptosis and germ cell differentiation by CPEB family members in C. elegans.

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins are evolutionary conserved RNA-binding proteins that control mRNA polyadenylation and translation. Orthologs in humans and other vertebrates are mainly involved in oogenesis. This is also the case for the C.