Redox-Responsive Comparison of Diselenide and Disulfide Core-Cross-Linked Micelles for Drug Delivery Application.

In this study, diselenide (Se-Se) and disulfide (S-S) redox-responsive core-cross-linked (CCL) micelles were synthesized using poly(ethylene oxide)--poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PEO--PFMA), and their redox sensitivity was compared. A single electron transfer-living radical polymerization technique was used to prepare PEO--PFMA from FMA monomers and PEO-Br initiators. An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was incorporated into PFMA hydrophobic parts of the polymeric micelles, which were then cross-linked with maleimide cross-linkers, 1,6-bis(maleimide) hexane, dithiobis(maleimido) ethane and diselenobis(maleimido) ethane via Diels-Alder reaction.

Ligand-Specific Nano-Contrast Agents Promote Enhanced Breast Cancer CT Detection at 0.5 mg Au.

For many cancer types, being undetectable from early symptoms or blood tests, or often detected at late stages, medical imaging emerges as the most efficient tool for cancer screening. MRI, ultrasound, X-rays (mammography), and X-ray CT (CT) are currently used in hospitals with variable costs. Diagnostic materials that can detect breast tumors through molecular recognition and amplify the signal at the targeting site in combination with state-of-the-art CT techniques, such as dual-energy CT, could lead to a more precise detection and assist significantly in image-guided intervention.

Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Shell-Crosslinked Micelles of Poly(d,l-lactide)--poly((furfuryl methacrylate)--(-acryloylmorpholine)) Prepared by Diels-Alder Reaction for the Triggered Release of Doxorubicin.

In the present study, we developed near-infrared (NIR)-responsive shell-crosslinked (SCL) micelles using the Diels-Alder (DA) click reaction between an amphiphilic copolymer poly(d,l-lactide)--poly((furfuryl methacrylate)--(-acryloylmorpholine)) (PLA--P(FMA--NAM)) and a diselenide-containing crosslinker, bis(maleimidoethyl) 3,3'-diselanediyldipropionoate (BMEDSeDP). The PLA--P(FMA--NAM) copolymer was synthesized by RAFT polymerization of FMA and NAM using a PLA-macro-chain transfer agent (PLA-CTA). The DA reaction between BMEDSeDP and the furfuryl moieties in the copolymeric micelles in water resulted in the formation of SCL micelles.

Biological Stimuli-Induced Phase Transition of a Synthesized Block Copolymer: Preferential Interactions between PNIPAM--PNVCL and Heme Proteins.

The beguiling world of functional polymers is dominated by thermoresponsive polymers with unique structural and molecular attributes. Limited work has been reported on the protein-induced conformational transition of block copolymers; furthermore, the literature lacks a clear understanding of the influence of proteins on the phase behavior of thermoresponsive copolymers. Herein, we have synthesized poly(-isopropylacrylamide)--poly(-vinylcaprolactam) (PNIPAM--PNVCL) by RAFT polymerization using -isopropylacrylamide and -vinylcaprolactam.

Preparation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Amphiphilic Poly(D,L-Lactide--Glycolide)-b-Poly(-Acryloylmorpholine) AB Miktoarm Star Block Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery.

Owing to their unique topology and physical properties, micelles based on miktoarm amphiphilic star block copolymers play an important role in the biomedical field for drug delivery. Herein, we developed a series of AB-type poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(-acryloyl morpholine) (PLGA-b-PNAM) miktoarm star block copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and ring-opening copolymerization. The resulting miktoarm star polymers were investigated by H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography.

Methotrexate-Loaded Four-Arm Star Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Elicits CD8+ T Cell Response against a Highly Aggressive and Metastatic Experimental Lymphoma.

We have synthesized a well-defined four-arm star amphiphilic block copolymer [poly(DLLA)-b-poly(NVP)]4 [star-(PDLLA-b-PNVP)4] that consists of D,L-lactide (DLLA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) via the combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and xanthate-mediated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Synthesis of the polymer was verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The amphiphilic four-arm star block copolymer forms spherical micelles in water as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 1H NMR spectroscopy.