Epidemiologic trends and characteristics of cancer-related emergency department visits of older patients living with cancer in South Korea.

We aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, common chief complaints, and diagnosis of geriatric cancer-related emergency department (ED) visits and trends of ED outcomes. This retrospective observational study included all ED visits in South Korea between 2016 and 2020. The study population was older people ≥ 65 years living with cancer who visited ED with cancer-related problems.

Epidemiology and characteristics of emergency department utilization by patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Korea from 2016 to 2020: A nationwide study.

Introduction/aims: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) inevitably visit the emergency department (ED) due to their increased risk of respiratory failure and mobility limitations. However, nationwide data on ED visits by patients with ALS are limited. This study investigated the characteristics of patients with ALS-related ED visits.

Trauma system establishment and outcome improvement: a retrospective national cohort study in South Korea.

Background: Trauma is a major cause of mortality, disability, and health care costs worldwide. The establishment of a trauma system is known to solve these problems, but few studies have objectively evaluated the impact of a trauma system on outcomes. Since 2012, South Korea has established a national trauma system based on the implementation of 17 regional trauma centers nationwide and the improvement of the prehospital transfer system.

Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in The Emergency Department Designed for Emerging Infectious Diseases in Korea.

Background: According to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic experience, many emergency departments experience difficulties in responding to emerging infectious diseases and this has led to a public health crisis. Our emergency department (ED) is designed to respond to mass outbreaks of infection. Three major preparations were taken to respond to infectious disease; first, to improve the emergency department facilities; second, to created programs to respond to each phase of an epidemic of COVID-19; lastly, to implemented education and training to promote the safety of medical staff.

Duty cycle of 33% increases cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether 33% duty cycle increases end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) level, a surrogate measurement for cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), compared with 50% duty cycle.

Methods: Six pigs were randomly assigned to the DC33 or DC50 group. After 3 min of induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), CPR was performed for 5 min with 33% duty cycle (DC33 group) or with 50% duty cycle (DC50 group) (phase I).

Association between the simultaneous decrease in the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and S100 protein and good neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether simultaneous decreases in the serum levels of cell adhesion molecules (intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], and E-selectin) and S100 proteins within the first 24 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation were associated with good neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was based on prospectively collected data from a single emergency intensive care unit (ICU). Twenty-nine out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who were admitted to the ICU for post-resuscitation care were enrolled.

Validation of non-invasive brain temperature estimation models during swine therapeutic hypothermia.

Objectives: This paper introduces a mathematical model that can estimate deep brain temperature during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) based on a double sensor method (DSM). Although the cerebral temperature is more important than the non-cerebral core temperature during TH, pulmonary artery (PA), rectal, and esophageal measurements (i.e.

Relative tachycardia is associated with poor outcomes in post-cardiac arrest patients regardless of therapeutic hypothermia.

Background: To investigate whether the relationship between heart rate and neurological outcome is independent of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and whether heart rate is related to hemodynamic instability post-cardiac arrest.

Methods: Retrospective review of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry was performed. The primary exposure was heart rate quartiles at 24 h post-cardiac arrest.

End-tidal CO-guided automated robot CPR system in the pig. Preliminary communication.

Background: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of the end-tidal CO-guided automated robot CPR (robot CPR) system with manual CPR and mechanical device CPR.

Methods: We developed the algorithm of the robot CPR system which automatically finds the optimal compression position under the guidance of end-tidal CO feedback in swine models of cardiac arrest. Then, 18 pigs after 11 min of cardiac arrest were randomly assigned to one of three groups, robot CPR, LUCAS CPR, and manual CPR groups (n = 6 each group).

Prognostic performance of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) combined with qSOFA score.

Objective: We conducted this study to investigate whether ESI combined with qSOFA score (ESI+qSOFA) predicts hospital outcome better than ESI alone in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This was a retrospective study for patients aged over 15years who visited an ED of a tertiary referral hospital from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2015. We calculated and compared predictive performances of ESI alone and ESI+qSOFA for prespecified outcomes.

Admission levels of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-1 are associated with the neurologic outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: To investigate whether serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), after the return of spontaneous circulation, can predict the neurologic outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a single tertiary hospital intensive care unit. All adult OHCA survivors with admission lipid profiles were enrolled from March 2013 to December 2015.

Epileptiform discharge detection with the 4-channel frontal electroencephalography during post-resuscitation care.

Introduction: We performed this study to investigate whether the SEDline system, a 4-channel-processed electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring device in the frontal area, can detect epileptiform discharges accurately during post-resuscitation care in comatose cardiac arrest survivors.

Methods: Adult comatose cardiac arrest survivors, who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for post-resuscitation care including TTM, were enrolled. Within 72h post-return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), conventional EEG was conducted for 30min.

Long-term survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with malignancy.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 1-year survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with malignancy was different from that of those without malignancy.

Methods: All adult OHCA patients were retrospectively analyzed in a single institution for 6years. The primary outcome was 1-year survival, and secondary outcomes were sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission, survival to discharge and discharge with a good neurological outcome (CPC 1 or 2).

Comparison of intubation times using a manikin with an immobilized cervical spine: Macintosh laryngoscope vs. GlideScope vs. fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Objective: Airway management in patients with suspected cervical spine injury is classified as a "difficult airway." The best device for managing difficult airways is not known. Therefore, we conducted an intubation study simulating patients with cervical spine injury using three devices: a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope, a video laryngoscope (GlideScope), and a fiberoptic bronchoscope (MAF-TM).

Acute pancreatitis complicated by massive inferior vena cava and right atrial thrombosis: a case report.

Venous thrombosis is a relatively common complication of acute pancreatitis. A 58-year-old man came to our emergency department with abdominal pain. Pancreatitis complicated with a huge thrombosis through inferior vena cava (IVC) to right atrium and left renal vein was diagnosed.

Headache: a rare manifestation of Debakey type I aortic dissection.

The most common manifestations of aortic dissection (AD) are severe chest pain and back pain. However, we experienced a rare case of type I aortic dissection with bilateral common carotid artery involvement, which presented with only a sudden thunderclap bifrontal headache.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma presenting as Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is a rare disease. Furthermore, Brown-Séquard syndrome due to spontaneous SEH has been rarely reported. Early detection of spontaneous SEH is not easy because early symptoms are often atypical and neurologic findings are often absent in the early stage.