Evaluation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy factors by treatment site and technique for various linear accelerators.

Purpose: The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) factor, which is essential for calculating leakage radiation and secondary barrier thicknesses, is represented by the ratio of average monitor units (MUs) per unit dose in IMRT compared to conventional radiotherapy. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements recommends a broad range of 2-10 for this factor, which can complicate its practical use. This study aims to calculate and compare the IMRT factors of Halcyon, VitalBeam, and TrueBeam based on actual MUs, offering a more accurate foundation for effective and reasonable radiation shielding determination.

Development and evaluation of a comprehensive QA phantom for image quality and geometrical accuracy in CT and CBCT for radiotherapy.

Purpose: This study presents MZ CUBE, a newly developed multipurpose phantom designed to assess both image quality and geometrical accuracy in image-guided radiotherapy.

Methods: The phantom is a 16 × 16 × 16 cm cube made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and designed to evaluate HU constancy, HU uniformity, spatial integrity, spatial resolution, low contrast resolution, and geometrical accuracy. Two CT simulators (Big Bore RT and Discovery RT Gen3) and two cone-beam CT (CBCT) systems (XVI and OBI) were used for verification alongside commercial phantoms (ACR 464 and CatPhan 504).

Tattoo Sticker for GHB Detection to Prevent Date Rape.

In this study, we report the development of a wearable tattoo sticker designed for rapid and noninvasive detection of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is commonly associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). The tattoo sticker for GHB detection utilizes a colorimetric sensor integrated into a tattoo-like patch that responds to the presence of GHB by changing its color, thus providing real-time monitoring and detection. The tattoo sticker comprised a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, 12 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution, and an agarose gel embedded with the chemical receptor 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxystyryl)-3-ethylbenzothiazol-3-ium iodide (BHEI).

Clinical Application of Patient-Specific Bolus Based on Molding and Casting Method in Radiotherapy.

: The use of a patient-specific bolus in radiation therapy is critical for achieving precise dose delivery, particularly for irregular anatomical surfaces. Conventional boluses often suffer from poor conformity and air gaps, leading to suboptimal dose distribution. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel bolus fabrication method using the mold-and-casting (M&C) technique, which integrates 3D printing and flexible silicone materials to address these limitations.

Two-dimensional dynamic multileaf collimator (2DDMLC) technique for improved treatment quality in intensity modulated radiation therapy.

This study aims to evaluate feasibility of the two-dimensional dynamic MLC (2DDMLC) technique through analytical and experimental investigations, focusing on its potential to improve intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The leaf motion calculator (LMC), which calculates the leaf motion of the MLC during the treatment, was developed to obtain the MLC sequence including the bank's movement and anticipate the actual fluence delivery. The effect of the y-axis MLC motion was evaluated by calculating the actual fluence distributions from the optimal fluence maps.

Evaluation of internal scatter contribution to gonadal dose in colorectal radiotherapy.

Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers in terms of both incidence and mortality. External beam radiotherapy is frequently used to treat colorectal cancer. In colorectal radiotherapy, the gonad is considered as an organ that must be spared owing to its radiosensitivity.

Respiratory Protective Effects of Perilla Leave Varieties () Against Fine Particulate Matter (PM)-induced Damage in Human Nasal Cells.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to exacerbate chronic respiratory disorders, primarily by inducing inflammatory responses and mucus overproduction. Perilla leaves are reported to have significant health benefits, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiallergic properties, attributed to phenolic compounds that vary depending on genetic diversity.

Comparative analysis of delivered and planned doses in target volumes for lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy.

Background: Adaptive therapy has been enormously improved based on the art of generating adaptive computed tomography (ACT) from planning CT (PCT) and the on-board image used for the patient setup. Exploiting the ACT, this study evaluated the dose delivered to patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and derived relationship between the delivered dose and the parameters obtained through the evaluation procedure.

Methods: SABR treatment records of 72 patients with NSCLC who were prescribed a dose of 60 Gy (D) to the 95% volume of the planning target volume (PTV) in four fractions were analysed in this retrospective study; 288 ACTs were generated by rigid and deformable registration of a PCT to a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) per fraction.

Base preference for inosine 3'-riboendonuclease activity of human endonuclease V: implications for cleavage of poly-A tails containing inosine.

Deamination of bases is a form of DNA damage that occurs spontaneously via the hydrolysis and nitrosation of living cells, generating hypoxanthine from adenine. E. coli endonuclease V (eEndoV) cleaves hypoxanthine-containing double-stranded DNA, whereas human endonuclease V (hEndoV) cleaves hypoxanthine-containing RNA; however, hEndoV in vivo function remains unclear.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in Nutrition: A Systematic Review.

In industry 4.0, where the automation and digitalization of entities and processes are fundamental, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming a pivotal tool offering innovative solutions in various domains. In this context, nutrition, a critical aspect of public health, is no exception to the fields influenced by the integration of AI technology.

Improvement of performance for flexible film dosimeter by incorporating additive agents.

To evaluate the reduction in energy dependence and aging effect of the lithium salt of pentacosa-10,-12-diynoic acid (LiPCDA) films with additives including aluminum oxide (AlO), propyl gallate (PG), and disodium ethylenediaminetetracetate (EDTA).. LiPCDA films exhibited energy dependence on kilovoltage (kV) and megavoltage (MV) photon energies and experienced deterioration over time.

Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare: An Overview of the Applications of Digital Technologies in Diet Management.

Diet management has long been an important practice in healthcare, enabling individuals to get an insight into their nutrient intake, prevent diseases, and stay healthy. Traditional methods based on self-reporting, food diaries, and periodic assessments have been used for a long time to control dietary habits. These methods have shown limitations in accuracy, compliance, and real-time analysis.

Assessment and validation of glottic motion using cone-beam CT and real-time cine MRI.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the margin for the planning target volume (PTV) using the Van Herk formula. We then validated the proposed margin by real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: An analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from early glottic cancer patients was performed to evaluate organ motion.

Daraesoon (shoot of hardy kiwi) mitigates hyperglycemia in db/db mice by alleviating insulin resistance and inflammation.

Background/objectives: Mitigating insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is associated with a decreased risk of diabetic complications. The effect of Daraesoon (shoot of hardy kiwi, ) on hyperglycemia was investigated using a type 2 diabetes animal model.

Materials/methods: Seven-week-old db/db mice were fed either an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.

Gromwell ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy through the regulation of Akt/mTOR pathway.

Background: Muscle atrophy is characterized by decreased muscle mass, function, and strength. Synthetic glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (Dexa), are commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases. However, prolonged exposure of Dexa with high dose exerts severe side effects, including muscle atrophy.

Identification of QTLs and allelic effect controlling lignan content in sesame ( L.) using QTL-seq approach.

Sesame ( L.), an oilseed crop, is gaining worldwide recognition for its healthy functional ingredients as consumption increases. The content of lignans, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, is a key agronomic trait that determines the industrialization of sesame.

Quantitative radiomics approach to assess acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients.

Purpose: We applied a radiomics approach to skin surface images to objectively assess acute radiation dermatitis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 20 patients was conducted. Skin surface images in normal, polarized, and ultraviolet (UV) modes were acquired using a skin analysis device before starting radiotherapy ('Before RT'), approximately 7 days after the first treatment ('RT D7'), on 'RT D14', and approximately 10 days after the radiotherapy ended ('After RT D10').

Novel tongue-positioning device to reduce tongue motions during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: Geometric and dosimetric evaluation.

This study aimed to assess the performance of a tongue-positioning device in interfractional tongue position reproducibility by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Fifty-two patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) while using a tongue positioning device were included in the study. All patients were treated with 28 or 30 fractions using the volumetric modulated arc therapy technique.

Sample-efficient multi-agent reinforcement learning with masked reconstruction.

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a powerful approach that combines reinforcement learning (RL) and deep learning to address complex decision-making problems in high-dimensional environments. Although DRL has been remarkably successful, its low sample efficiency necessitates extensive training times and large amounts of data to learn optimal policies. These limitations are more pronounced in the context of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL).

Lignan-Rich Sesame ( L.) Cultivar Exhibits In Vitro Anti-Cholinesterase Activity, Anti-Neurotoxicity in Amyloid-β Induced SH-SY5Y Cells, and Produces an In Vivo Nootropic Effect in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impaired Mice.

Alzheimer's disease, a major cause of dementia, is characterized by impaired cholinergic function, increased oxidative stress, and amyloid cascade induction. Sesame lignans have attracted considerable attention owing to their beneficial effects on brain health. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of lignan-rich sesame cultivars.