Exceeding the guidelines: A descriptive study of exercise, pregnancy, maternal and neonatal health outcomes in elite and recreational athletes.

Background: Exercise during pregnancy is associated with numerous health benefits. However, guidelines for elite and recreational athletes, who often exceed general recommendations regarding intensity, duration, and frequency are lacking, and potential risks remain unclear. The aim of the study was to describe exercise levels, pregnancy, and maternal and neonatal health outcomes in elite and recreational athletes.

Factors predicting disordered eating and the prevalence of eating disorders in adolescent elite athletes, trained athletes and a reference group: a prospective controlled two-step study.

Objective: To prospectively examine the prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders (ED-diagnosis), ED-symptoms and factors predicting ED-symptoms in three male and female high school student groups: elite athletes, trained athletes and a non-athlete reference group at baseline (T1) and 1-year follow-up (T2).

Methods: A survey was administered at baseline (T1) (n=1186) and 1-year follow-up (T2) (n=1144) (step-one). Participants classified with ED-symptoms by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ 6.

Are Sub-elite Athletes at Higher Risk of Eating Disorders, Exercise Addiction, Depression, and Low Energy Availability Compared With Elite Athletes?

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk of eating disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and low energy availability (LEA) in Danish female and male elite compared with sub-elite athletes.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: An online survey.

Risk and prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) among professional female football players.

A high prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) has been reported in female football players. This is of concern as problematic LEA may evolve into a syndromic pattern known as relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). Given the difficulties in accurately assessing LEA, our study shifts emphasis to measurable indicators of REDs, serving as proxies for health detriments caused by LEA.

Sexual harassment, sexual violence and subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms among Swedish university students: a cohort study.

Purpose: To determine the gender-specific impact of recent exposure to different forms of sexual harassment and sexual violence (SHV) on depression and anxiety symptoms three, six, and nine months later.

Methods: We recruited 2229 women and 1274 men studying at Swedish universities and followed them with web-surveys every three months over one year. We estimated mean differences (MDs) of depression and anxiety symptoms between exposed and unexposed at each follow-up, adjusting for prior SHV, prior depression and anxiety symptoms and potential confounders.

Expectations of a new eating disorder treatment and its delivery: Perspectives of patients and new therapists.

Background: A significant number of people with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge-eating disorder (BED) do not seek professional help. Important reasons include limited knowledge of eating disorders (EDs), feelings of shame, treatment costs, and restricted access to specialized healthcare. In this study, we explored if a novel therapy delivered in a primary care setting could overcome these barriers.

The "Young Athlete Body Project"-A pilot study evaluating the acceptability of and results from an eating disorder prevention program for adolescent athletes.

Background: The high frequency of eating disorders (EDs) in sports speaks of a need for early-stage preventive measures.

Objectives: This study evaluated the acceptability of an age, sex, and sports adapted version of the "Body Project" and changes in mental health symptoms.

Methods: This noncontrolled pilot study included a class of athletes from 18 sports (N = 73, 13-14 years) at a sport-specialized junior high school in six small-group workshops.

2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee's expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance outcomes experienced by female and male athletes exposed to low energy availability (LEA; inadequate energy intake in relation to exercise energy expenditure). Since the 2018 REDs consensus, there have been >170 original research publications advancing the field of REDs science, including emerging data demonstrating the growing role of low carbohydrate availability, further evidence of the interplay between mental health and REDs and more data elucidating the impact of LEA in males. Our knowledge of REDs signs and symptoms has resulted in updated Health and Performance Conceptual Models and the development of a novel Physiological Model.

Best practice recommendations for body composition considerations in sport to reduce health and performance risks: a critical review, original survey and expert opinion by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).

Background: The assessment of body composition (BC) in sport raises concern for athlete health, especially where an overfocus on being lighter or leaner increases the risk of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and disordered eating.

Methods: We undertook a critical review of the effect of BC on performance (29 longitudinal, prospective or intervention studies) and explored current practice related to BC considerations via a follow-up to a 2013 internationally distributed survey.

Results: The review found that a higher level of body fat was negatively associated with endurance performance, while a gain in muscle mass resulted in performance benefits across sports.

Intersection of mental health issues and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs.

Overall athlete health is a stated priority by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), yet it can be difficult for athletes to safely balance nutritional needs, training load, recovery, social interactions, expectations and other demands. The effect of energy intake and, especially, low energy availability (LEA) on athlete mental health, is understudied. In this narrative review, we examine research that has included psychological factors and mental health variables when investigating the effect of LEA, dieting/restrictive eating and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), since the 2018 IOC consensus statement on REDs.

Mental health profiles among 13-16-year-Old Norwegian talent and mainstream students - A prospective person-centered analytical approach.

Objectives: To contribute further knowledge about symptoms of anxiety, depression, body concerns, and self-worth among young talent development (TD) and mainstream students by exploring the indicators within-person combinations prospectively, aiming to identify distinct profiles.

Methods: We included 946 students, n = 168 (45% girls) from three TD sports schools and one ballet class, n = 778 (52% girls) from ten mainstream schools. All were 13-14 years at T1 and 15-16 years at T2.

Sexual harassment and abuse; disclosure and awareness of report- and support resources in Norwegian sport- and non-sport high schools: a prospective exploratory study.

Purpose: To examine high school students' disclosure of sexual harassment and abuse (SHA), and awareness of reporting systems and support mechanisms in school among students, leaders, and coaches.

Method: Norwegian 17-year-old high school elite athletes ( = 630), recreational athletes ( = 307), and reference students ( = 263) responded to an online questionnaire at two measurement points, 1 year apart (T1 and T2). Leaders and coaches ( = 249) at the participating high schools responded to an adapted version of the questionnaire at T1.

Mental health problems in elite sport: the difference in the distribution of mental distress and mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes.

Objectives: To, based on diagnostic interviews, investigate the distribution of mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes with 'at-risk scores' on a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of mental health problems. Then, to investigate the relationship between 'at-risk scores' and diagnosed mental disorders.

Methods: A two-phase, cross-sectional design was used.

Effectiveness and acceptability of the physical exercise and dietary therapy in a healthy life center.

Objective: The high burden of eating disorders (EDs) and limited availability of treatment speaks of a need to explore new avenues for treatment delivery. To understand if new treatment avenues are helpful and acceptable to patients, we investigated the effectiveness of Physical Exercise and Dietary Therapy (PED-t) in participants with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder, and acceptability when the PED-t was implemented in a Healthy Life Center in a municipal primary healthcare service.

Method: Exercise physiologists and one dietitian were trained in ED literacy and to run PED-t, before screening women for eligibility.

Female athlete health domains: a supplement to the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport.

The IOC made recommendations for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injuries and illness in sports in 2020, but with little, if any, focus on female athletes. Therefore, the aims of this supplement to the IOC consensus statement are to (i) propose a taxonomy for categorisation of female athlete health problems across the lifespan; (ii) make recommendations for data capture to inform consistent recording and reporting of symptoms, injuries, illnesses and other health outcomes in sports injury epidemiology and (iii) make recommendations for specifications when applying the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS) to female athlete health data.In May 2021, five researchers and clinicians with expertise in sports medicine, epidemiology and female athlete health convened to form a consensus working group, which identified key themes.

Preventing Disordered Eating in Teenage Ballet Students: Evaluation of DancExcellent, a Combined CBT and Nutrition Education Intervention.

Background: Disordered eating (DE) behaviors are relatively common among high-level dancers, especially in classical ballet. At the same time, interventions aimed at reducing DE behaviors in this population are scarce.

Methods: An 8-week exploratory preventive intervention for DE behaviors was carried out in a high-level ballet school for 40 teenagers aged 12-15 years (77.

Energy expenditure, dietary intake and energy availability in female professional football players.

Objectives: To quantify energy expenditure and intake in professional female footballers playing on a national and/or international level. Second, to determine the prevalence of low energy availability among these players, defined as <30 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day.

Methods: Fifty-one players completed a 14-day prospective observational study during the 2021/2022 football season.