Age-Related Differences in the Appetite-Regulating Hormone Response to Exercise.

Background: Acute exercise alters appetite-regulating hormones like peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin, suppressing appetite and reducing food intake. The effect of exercise on hunger and satiety has been shown to vary by body composition, sex, and habitual physical activity, but the influence of aging is less understood.

Objectives: We aimed to examine age-related differences in the effect of acute exercise on appetite-regulating hormones.

A single HIIT session does not alter blood sphingolipid levels in healthy young adults: The SphingoHIIT randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Sphingolipids and ceramides have been identified as critical drivers of cardiometabolic diseases. Ceramide-based scores were developed, predicting cardiometabolic risk independently of and beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, it remains largely unknown whether exercise can modulate sphingolipid levels.

Supplementation of Creatine Monohydrate Improves Sprint Performance but Has no Effect on Glycolytic Contribution: A Nonrandomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial in Trained Cyclists.

Background: Sprint performance may be crucial for athletes in sprint and endurance sports. In this regard, the maximal glycolytic rate (νLa) is a variable within Mader's model of metabolism that is commonly tested in a 15-s all-out sprint test. The product of lactate accumulation (ΔLa) and lactate distribution space approximated by fat-free mass (FFM) is strongly linked to sprint performance.

Digital dietary interventions for healthy adolescents: A systematic review of behavior change techniques, engagement strategies, and adherence.

Background: Adolescence is a crucial phase for developing healthy eating habits with lifelong health implications. Digital interventions, such as smartphone apps and web platforms, have emerged as promising strategies to promote healthy eating habits among adolescents by using behavior change techniques (BCTs). This study aims to systematically review internet-based dietary interventions targeting adolescents, focusing on the analysis of BCTs employed, their delivery modes, and their impact on adolescents' adherence and engagement.

Screening for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: Detection of Clinical Indicators in Female Endurance Athletes.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the individual and combined use of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire (BEDA-Q) to detect clinical indicators associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 female endurance athletes training ≥4× a week completed the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q and were assessed for presence of selected REDs indicators. Athletes meeting the criteria for mild or more severe REDs severity/risk according to the International Olympic Committee REDs Clinical Assessment Tool Version 2 (IOC REDs CAT2) were classified as REDs cases.

Effects of time-of-day on the noradrenaline, adrenaline, cortisol and blood lipidome response to an ice bath.

While the effect of time-of-day (morning versus evening) on hormones, lipids and lipolysis has been studied in relation to meals and exercise, there are no studies that have investigated the effects of time-of-day on ice bath induced hormone and lipidome responses. In this crossover-designed study, a group of six women and six men, 26 ± 5 years old, 176 ± 7 cm tall, weighing 75 ± 10 kg, and a BMI of 23 ± 2 kg/mhad an ice bath (8-12 °C for 5 min) both in the morning and evening on separate days. Absence from intense physical exercise, nutrient intake and meal order was standardized in the 24 h prior the ice baths to account for confounders such as diet or exercise.

Gut microbiota, physical activity and/or metabolic markers in healthy individuals - towards new biomarkers of health.

Background: The global prevalence of the metabolic disease Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is increasing. Risk factors contributing to the development of T2D include overweight and obesity, lack of physical activity (PA), and an unhealthy diet. In addition, the gut microbiota has been shown to affect metabolic regulation.

Prediction of individual weight loss using supervised learning: findings from the CALERIE 2 study.

Background: Predicting individual weight loss (WL) responses to lifestyle interventions is challenging but might help practitioners and clinicians select the most promising approach for each individual.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to develop machine learning (ML) models to predict individual WL responses using only variables known before starting the intervention. In addition, we used ML to identify pre-intervention variables influencing the individual WL response.

Exploring the relationship between low energy availability, depression and eating disorders in female athletes: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the role of low energy availability (LEA) in the interplay between depression and disordered eating/eating disorders (DE/EDs) among female athletes. The International Olympic Committee consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) identified depression as both an outcome of LEA and a secondary risk factor for REDs. However, the direct link between LEA and depression has yet to be fully established.

Relationship of peak capillary blood lactate accumulation and body composition in determining the mechanical energy equivalent of lactate during sprint cycling.

Aim: A 15-s all-out sprint cycle test (i.e., νLa-test) and the post-exercise change in capillary blood lactate concentration is an emerging diagnostic tool that is used to quantify the maximal glycolytic rate.

Reliability of power output, maximal rate of capillary blood lactate accumulation, and phosphagen contribution time following 15-s sprint cycling in amateur cyclists.

Based on Mader's mathematical model, the rate of capillary blood lactate concentration (νLa) following intense exercise is thought to reflect the maximal glycolytic rate. We aimed to investigate the reliability of important variables of Mader's model (i.e.

Effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training programme on circulating sphingolipid levels in middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (SphingoFIT)-Protocol for a randomised controlled exercise trial.

Introduction: Evidence indicates that sphingolipid accumulation drives complex molecular alterations promoting cardiometabolic diseases. Clinically, it was shown that sphingolipids predict cardiometabolic risk independently of and beyond traditional biomarkers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, little is known about therapeutic modalities to lower sphingolipid levels.

Continuous glucose monitoring for automatic real-time assessment of eating events and nutrition: a scoping review.

Background: Accurate dietary assessment remains a challenge, particularly in free-living settings. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) shows promise in optimizing the assessment and monitoring of ingestive activity (IA, i.e.

Short-term effects and long-term changes of FUEL-a digital sports nutrition intervention on REDs related symptoms in female athletes.

Unlabelled: Female endurance athletes are at high risk for developing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), resulting in symptoms such as menstrual dysfunction and gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The primary aim of this study was to investigate effects of the FUEL (Food and nUtrition for Endurance athletes-a Learning program) intervention consisting of weekly online lectures combined with individual athlete-centered nutrition counseling every other week for sixteen weeks on REDs related symptoms in female endurance athletes at risk of low energy availability [Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) score ≥8]. Female endurance athletes from Norway (= 60), Sweden (= 84), Ireland (= 17), and Germany (= 47) were recruited.

Energy constraint and compensation: Insights from endurance athletes.

The Constrained Model of Total Energy Expenditure predicts that increased physical activity may not influence total energy expenditure, but instead, induces compensatory energetic savings in other processes. Much remains unknown, however, about concepts of energy expenditure, constraint and compensation in different populations, and it is unclear whether this model applies to endurance athletes, who expend very large amounts of energy during training and competition. Furthermore, it is well-established that some endurance athletes consciously or unconsciously fail to meet their energy requirements via adequate food intake, thus exacerbating the extent of energetic stress that they experience.

Investigating the circulating sphingolipidome response to a single high-intensity interval training session within healthy females and males in their twenties (SphingoHIIT): Protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Growing scientific evidence indicates that sphingolipids predict cardiometabolic risk, independently of and beyond traditional biomarkers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, it remains largely unknown if and how exercise, a simple, low-cost, and patient-empowering modality to optimise cardiometabolic health, influences sphingolipid levels. The SphingoHIIT study aims to assess the response of circulating sphingolipid species to a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT).

Does eating less or exercising more to reduce energy availability produce distinct metabolic responses?

When less energy is available to consume, people often lose weight, which reduces their overall metabolic rate. Their cellular metabolic rate may also decrease (metabolic adaptation), possibly reflected in physiological and/or endocrinological changes. Reduced energy availability can result from calorie restriction or increased activity energy expenditure, raising the following question that our review explores: do the body's metabolic and physiological responses to this reduction differ or not depending on whether they are induced by dietary restriction or increased activity? First, human studies offer indirect, contentious evidence that the body metabolically adapts to reduced energy availability, both in response to either a calorie intake deficit or increased activity (exercise; without a concomitant increase in food intake).

Effects of internal cooling on physical performance, physiological and perceptional parameters when exercising in the heat: A systematic review with meta-analyses.

An elevated core temperature (core) increases the risk of performance impairments and heat-related illness. Internal cooling (IC) has the potential to lower core when exercising in the heat. The aim of the review was to systematically analyze the effects of IC on performance, physiological, and perceptional parameters.

Effects of a 16-Week Digital Intervention on Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Behavior in Female Endurance Athletes with Risk of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).

Female endurance athletes are considered a high-risk group for developing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). Due to the lack of educational and behavioral intervention studies, targeting and evaluating the effects of the practical daily management of REDs, we developed the Food and nUtrition for Endurance athletes-a Learning (FUEL) program, consisting of 16 weekly online lectures and individual athlete-centered nutrition counseling every other week. We recruited female endurance athletes from Norway ( = 60), Sweden ( = 84), Ireland ( = 17), and Germany ( = 47).

Biological and behavioral predictors of relative energy intake after acute exercise.

Energy intake in the post-exercise state is highly variable and compensatory eating - i.e., (over-) compensation of the expended energy via increased post-exercise energy intake - occurs in some individuals but not others.

Case Study: Improving Energy Status in a Wheelchair Athlete With Suppressed Resting Energy Expenditure.

Purpose: Wheelchair athletes experience a reduction in fat-free mass due to the underlying condition and/or muscle disuse. This leads to a lower resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as a lower energy expenditure during exercise or daily activities. Traditional markers of low energy availability (LEA), including amenorrhea and low bone mineral density, are often inconclusive in wheelchair athletes.

Risk of Low Energy Availability, Disordered Eating, Exercise Addiction, and Food Intolerances in Female Endurance Athletes.

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a complex syndrome describing health and performance consequences of low energy availability (LEA) and is common among female endurance athletes. Various underlying causes of LEA have been reported, including disordered eating behavior (DE), but studies investigating the association with exercise addiction and food intolerances are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between DE, exercise addiction and food intolerances in athletes at risk of LEA compared to those with low risk.