Indirect Genomic Predictions for Indicine Cattle Breeds With SNP Effects From a Multi-Breed Genomic Evaluation.

Indirect predictions (IP) are used for young genotyped animals that lack phenotypes (of their own or from progeny) or are from commercial herds. The former can be left behind because they do not contribute to the official genomic evaluations. The latter are often excluded from the evaluations because they are not registered and may not have pedigree information.

Aligning phenotypic and genetic trends: comparing trends from threshold and linear models in pigs.

This study aimed to compare phenotypic and genetic trends when genomic breeding values (GEBV) were computed using linear and threshold models or when GEBV were transformed to the probability scale for wean-to-finish mortality (WFM) and front leg structure (FLS). A total of 270,064 and 998,289 observations were available for WFM measured on crossbred and FLS measured on purebred, respectively. The total number of animals in the analyses was 577,947 for WFM and 1,079,080 for FLS.

Optimizing the single-step model for predicting fumonisins resistance in maize hybrids accounting for the genotype-by-environment interaction.

In Brazil, disease outbreaks in plant cultivars are common in tropical zones. For example, the fungus produces mycotoxins called fumonisins (FUMO) which are harmful to human and animal health. Besides the genetic component, the expression of this polygenic trait is regulated by interactions between genes and environmental factors (G × E).

The Sepsis Chain of Survival: A Comprehensive Framework for Improving Sepsis Outcomes.

The "Chain of Survival" concept, developed for cardiac arrest, emphasizes a seamless and interconnected set, of time-critical interventions that are not strictly linear, to improve survival. This paradigm of urgent recognition and response to life-threatening conditions has evolved to apply to acute medical conditions, including sepsis. The "Sepsis Chain of Survival" underscores the importance of early recognition, prompt emergency medical services activation, timely antimicrobial administration and appropriate fluid resuscitation, optimized critical care management, effective source control and infection management, and comprehensive post-sepsis care.

Validating Single-Step Genomic Predictions for Growth Rate and Disease Resistance in with Metafounders.

Background: Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) has gained increasing interest from forest tree breeders. ssGBLUP combines phenotypic and pedigree data with marker data to enhance the prediction accuracy of estimated breeding values. However, potential errors in determining progeny relationships among open-pollinated species may result in lower accuracy of estimated breeding values.

Genomic Evaluation in Nellore Cattle for Reproductive Traits: Multiple Ways to Account for Missing Pedigrees.

Missing pedigrees are a common problem in most populations. Animals with unknown ancestors are usually treated as founders; however, this can underestimate inbreeding, not properly account for different base populations, and bias breeding values. We aimed to assess the use of unknown parent groups (UPG) or metafounders (MF) to model missing pedigrees in a beef cattle population.

Genotype-by-environment interaction with high-dimensional environmental data: an example in pigs.

Background: In traditional genetic prediction models, environments are typically treated as uncorrelated effects, either fixed or random. Environments can be correlated when they share the same location, management practices, or climate conditions. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is often used to address environmental effects related to climate or heat stress.

Applying the algorithm for Proven and young in GWAS Reveals high polygenicity for key traits in Nellore cattle.

Background: Identifying genomic regions associated with traits of interest and their biological processes provides valuable insights into the phenotypic variability of these traits. This study aimed to identify candidate genes and genomic regions associated with 16 traits currently evaluated by the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ). These traits include reproductive traits such as age at first calving (AFC), stayability (STAY), and scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365) and 450 days (SC450).

Impact of genomic selection for growth and carcass traits on foot structure in Angus cattle.

Genomic evaluation improves accuracy and enables shorter generation intervals, accelerating genetic changes, possibly strengthening the antagonism between performance and less-selected traits. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of genomic selection for performance on foot structure in Angus cattle. Variance component estimation was done under the Bayesian approach (variance components estimation [VCE]) with partial or no genotypes, and with a new method based on predictivity (PRED) using all genotypes, to examine changes in genetic parameters over time.

Beef cattle phenotypic plasticity and stability of dry matter intake and respiration rate across varying levels of temperature humidity index.

Expected changes in climate warrant research on selection for a phenotypically stable cattle population that can perform consistently across diverse environmental conditions. In this study, we utilize a heteroscedastic random regression model to 1) characterize the additive genetic and other phenotypic components of dry matter intake (DMI) and respiration rate (RR) concerning the temperature humidity index (THI), 2) assess the presence of genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E) by determining whether the additive genetic reaction norm changes along the observed THI range and by evaluating the additive genetic correlations between DMI or RR at different THI values, and 3) evaluate model-derived accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV) along a range of THI. Data consisted of repeated observations of DMI and RR on 788 and 569 steers, respectively, over a period of 70 d.

Bayesian Recursive and Structural Equation Models to Infer Causal Links Among Gait Visual Scores on Campolina Horses.

Gait visual scores are widely applied to horse breeding because they are a fast and easy phenotyping strategy, allowing the numeric interpretation of a complex biological process such as gait quality. However, they may suffer from subjectivity or high environmental influence. We aimed to investigate potential causal relationships among six visual gait scores in Campolina horses.

Genome-wide scan for selection signatures in Mexican Sardo Negro Zebu cattle.

The Sardo Negro cattle (SN) is the only zebu cattle breed developed in Mexico. Since its development, the selection could have led to an increase in the homozygosity level in some regions of the genome and made differentiation with other cattle populations. We aimed to identify and characterize selection signatures in SN using medium-density SNP data using four approaches: 1) Runs of homozygosity (ROH) 2) Nucleotide Diversity 3) Tajima's D and 4) the Wright's fixation index (FST).

The COSMOS Registry of CytoSorb Hemoadsorption Therapy in Critically Ill Patients: Protocol for an International, Prospective Registry.

Background: Extracorporeal blood purification with CytoSorb has been increasingly used as an adjunctive therapy in several hyperinflammatory critical care conditions, as well as to remove elevated levels of myoglobin or bilirubin in patients with rhabdomyolysis or liver failure. Despite the increasing worldwide use of hemoadsorption, data from large international multicenter studies are still lacking.

Objective: The COSMOS (CytoSorb Treatment Of Critically Ill Patients) registry is a company-sponsored registry by CytoSorbents Corporation and CytoSorbents Medical Inc.

Transforming estimated breeding values from observed to probability scale: how to make categorical data analyses more efficient.

Threshold models are often used in genetic analysis of categorical data, such as calving ease. Solutions in the liability scale are easily transformed into probabilities; therefore, estimated breeding values are published as the probability of expressing the category of main interest and are the industry's gold standard because they are easy to interpret and use for selection. However, because threshold models involve nonlinear equations and probability functions, implementing such a method is complex.

Supervised Machine Learning Techniques for Breeding Value Prediction in Horses: An Example Using Gait Visual Scores.

Gait scores are widely used in the genetic evaluation of horses. However, the nature of such measurement may limit genetic progress since there is subjectivity in phenotypic information. This study aimed to assess the application of machine learning techniques in the prediction of breeding values for five visual gait scores in Campolina horses: dissociation, comfort, style, regularity, and development.

Corrigendum to "WCN24-465 RISK OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HIGH-VOLUME ONLINE HEMODIAFILTRATION (OL-HDF) VERSUS HIGH-FLOW HEMODIALYSIS (HD) THERAPY IN 14 FRESENIUS MEDICAL CARE ECUADOR (FMC) CLINICS" [ Volume 9, Issue 4, Supplement, April 2024, Page S359].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.

Reviewing the definition of mortality in broiler chickens and its implications in genomic evaluations.

Mortality is an economically important trait usually handled as a discrete outcome from hatch time until selection in most broiler breeder programs. However, in other species, it has been shown that not only does the genetic component change over time, but also there are maternal genetic effects to be considered when mortality is recorded early in life. This study aimed to investigate alternative trait definitions of mortality with varying models and effects.

Converting estimated breeding values from the observed to probability scale for health traits.

Dairy cattle health traits are paramount from a welfare and economic viewpoint, and modern breeding programs therefore prioritize the genetic improvement of these traits. Estimated breeding values for health traits are published as the probability of animals staying healthy. They are obtained using threshold models, which assume that the observed binary phenotype (i.

Strategies for genomic predictions of an indicine multi-breed population using single-step GBLUP.

Brazilian livestock breeding programmes strive to enhance the genetics of beef cattle, with a strong emphasis on the Nellore breed, which has an extensive database and has achieved significant genetic progress in the last years. There are other indicine breeds that are economically important in Brazil; however, these breeds have more modest sets of phenotypes, pedigree and genotypes, slowing down their genetic progress as their predictions are less accurate. Combining several breeds in a multi-breed evaluation could help enhance predictions for those breeds with less information available.

Effect of genotyping density on the detection of runs of homozygosity and heterozygosity in cattle.

Runs of homozygosity (ROHom) are contiguous stretches of homozygous regions of the genome. In contrast, runs of heterozygosity (ROHet) are heterozygosity-rich regions. The detection of these two types of genomic regions (ROHom and ROHet) is influenced by the parameters involved in their identification and the number of available single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

In-Hospital Violence and Its Impact on Critical Care Practitioners.

Objectives: To provide a narrative review of hospital violence (HV) and its impact on critical care clinicians.

Data Sources: Detailed search strategy using PubMed and OVID Medline for English language articles describing HV, risk factors, precipitating events, consequences, and mitigation strategies.

Study Selection: Studies that specifically addressed HV involving critical care medicine clinicians or their practice settings were selected.

Derivation of indirect predictions using genomic recursions across generations in a broiler population.

Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) of animals without phenotypes can be indirectly predicted using recursions on GEBV of a subset. To maximize predictive ability of indirect predictions (IP), the subset must represent the independent chromosome segments segregating in the population. We aimed to 1) determine the number of animals needed in recursions to maximize predictive ability, 2) evaluate equivalency IP-GEBV, and 3) investigate trends in predictive ability of IP derived from recent vs.

Efficient ways to combine data from broiler and layer chickens to account for sequential genomic selection.

In broiler breeding, superior individuals for growth become parents and are later evaluated for reproduction in an independent evaluation; however, ignoring broiler data can produce inaccurate and biased predictions. This research aimed to determine the most accurate, unbiased, and time-efficient approach for jointly evaluating reproductive and broiler traits. The data comprised a pedigree with 577K birds, 146K genotypes, phenotypes for three reproductive (egg production [EP], fertility [FE], hatch of fertile eggs [HF]; 9K each), and four broiler traits (body weight [BW], breast meat percent [BP], fat percent [FP], residual feed intake [RF]; up to 467K).

Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Runs of Homozygosity, and Signatures of Selection in Tropical Milking Criollo Cattle Using Pedigree and Genomic Data.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the Tropical Milking Criollo cattle (TMC) breed in Mexico through parameters derived from pedigree and genomic information assessment. The pedigree file consisted of 3780 animals. Seventy-nine bovines were genotyped with the medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism chip and considered a reference population for pedigree analysis.