Mechanism of Contrasting Ionic Conductivities in LiZrCl via I and Br Substitution.

Understanding the complex structural and chemical factors that influence ionic conduction mechanisms is paramount for developing advanced inorganic superionic conductors in all-solid-state batteries, particularly halide solid electrolytes with excellent electrochemical oxidative stability and mechanical sinterability. Herein, contrasting ionic conduction behaviors in I and Br substituted LiZrCl are revealed by combining experimental structural analyses and theoretical calculations. The inter-slab distance along the c-axis, which varies with the anion substitution and M2-M3 site disorder, is a key factor for opening the ab-plane conduction and facilitating the overall Li conduction.

Enhanced tuberculosis control via leveraging dendritic cell-mediated Th1 responses in preventive and immunotherapeutic vaccine strategies.

Introduction: Insufficient vaccine efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and long, expensive tuberculosis (TB) treatments highlight the need for better TB control measures.

Methods: This study evaluated whether the adoptive transfer of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines pulsed with culture filtrate antigens (CFA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) could enhance BCG efficacy and support anti-TB drug therapy.

Results: In BCG-vaccinated mice, adoptive transfer of CFA-pulsed DCs promoted swift T cell recruitment to the lung parenchyma, reducing bacterial load within 1 week post-infection, promoting the generation of tissue-resident T cells and expansion of CD4 T cells co-producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and/or TNF-α.

Surface Fluorination Shielding of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability in All-Solid-State Batteries.

Despite their high Li conductivity and deformability, sulfide solid electrolytes suffer from limited electrochemical stability, which prevents all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) from reaching their full performance potential. Herein, a facile surface fluorination strategy is presented for LiPSCl using XeF as a solid-state fluorinating agent, enabling a scalable dry process at moderate temperatures. An ≈37.

Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in recurrent pregnancy loss: a retrospective analysis of patients with abnormal cellular immunity.

Introduction: Various causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have been identified, but even with a detailed evaluation, almost half of the cases have unidentified etiologies. Immune imbalance is one of the proposed potential etiologies of these idiopathic RPL. To regulate abnormal cellular immunity, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a type of immunotherapy, is proposed to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Antitumor Activity of Expanded Tumor Antigen Priming Cytotoxic T Cells Against Malignant Melanoma.

Background/aim: Dendritic cells (DCs) can capture antigens from tissues and migrate to lymph nodes, where they cross-present cell-associated antigens to cluster of differentiation (CD) 8 T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes remove malignant cells through T-cell receptor recognition of specific peptides that appear on the surface of cancer cells by the MHC I/beta-2-microglobulin complex. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of expanded, tumor antigen-primed cytotoxic T cells against malignant melanoma.

Efficacy and immunogenicity of rKVAC85B in a BCG prime-boost regimen against H37Rv and HN878 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection accounted for 1.3 million deaths worldwide in 2022. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB); however, it has limited protective efficacy in adults.

Deep sequencing of Korean Jindo dog reveals evolutionary trajectory of coat color variations.

The inherent diversity of canines is closely intertwined with the unique color patterns of each dog population. These variations in color patterns are believed to have originated through mutations and selective breeding practices that occurred during and after the domestication of dogs from wolves. To address the significant gaps that persist in comprehending the evolutionary processes that underlie the development of these patterns, we generated and analyzed deep-sequenced genomes of 113 Korean Indigenous Jindo dogs that represent five distinct color patterns to identify the associated mutations in CBD103, ASIP, and MC1R.

Refining of cancer-specific genes in microsatellite-unstable colon and endometrial cancers using modified partial least square discriminant analysis.

Despite similarities in microsatellite instability (MSI) between colon and endometrial cancer, there are many clinically important organ-specific features. The molecular differences between these 2 MSI cancers are underexplored because the usual differentially expressed gene analysis yields too many noncancer-specific normally expressed genes. We aimed to identify cancer-specific genes in MSI colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) and MSI endometrial carcinoma (ECs) using a modified partial least squares discriminant analysis.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multi-antigenic adenovirus-based vaccine candidate against .

Introduction: The inadequate efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) necessitates the development of new and effective vaccines. Human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), which induces T-cell response, is a widely used viral vector. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-antigenic recombinant Ad5 vectored vaccine and determine the optimal immunization route for enhanced immune response against .

Restriction of mitochondrial oxidation of glutamine or fatty acids enhances intracellular growth of in macrophages.

(Mab), a nontuberculous mycobacterium, is increasing in prevalence worldwide and causes treatment-refractory pulmonary diseases. However, how Mab rewires macrophage energy metabolism to facilitate its survival is poorly understood. We compared the metabolic profiles of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) infected with smooth (S)- and rough (R)-type Mab using extracellular flux technology.

Tuning the Properties of Halide Nanocomposite Solid Electrolytes with Diverse Oxides for All-Solid-State Batteries.

Herein, we report halide nanocomposite solid electrolytes (HNSEs) that integrate diverse oxides with alterations that allow tuning of their ionic conductivity, (electro)chemical stability, and specific density. A two-step mechanochemical process enabled the synthesis of multimetal (or nonmetal) HNSEs, MO-2LiZrCl, as verified by pair distribution function and X-ray diffraction analyses. The multimetal (or nonmetal) HNSE strategy increases the ionic conductivity of LiZrCl from 0.

25-Hydroxycholesterol induces oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and ferroptosis in extravillous trophoblasts.

25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) is an oxysterol derived from cholesterol and plays a role in various cellular processes, such as lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell survival. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) are a major cell type found in the placenta, which are highly energetic cells with proliferative and invasive properties. EVT dysfunction can lead to pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.

Exploring the Role of Guanylate-Binding Protein-2 in Activated Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage.

Neuron damage by microglia, which act as macrophage cells in the brain, can result in various brain diseases. However, the function of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory microglia in the neurons remains controversial. Guanylate-binding protein-2 (GBP2) is expressed and activated in the microglia in the early phase of the inflammatory response and plays an important role in controlling immune responses.

Isoegomaketone exhibits potential as a new inhibitor.

Although the incidence of infection has recently increased significantly, treatment is difficult because this bacterium is resistant to most anti-tuberculosis drugs. In particular, is often resistant to available macrolide antibiotics, so therapeutic options are extremely limited. Hence, there is a pressing demand to create effective drugs or therapeutic regimens for infections.

Differential Immune Responses and Underlying Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Smooth and Rough Variants of Infections.

() is a rapidly growing mycobacteria that is classified as a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and is commonly found in environmental sources such as soil, water, and animals. is considered an opportunistic pathogen that causes infection in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Although there have been clinical reports on , reports of the immune response and metabolic reprogramming have not been published.

Methylsulfonylmethane ameliorates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by restoring autophagy flux via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway.

Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health concern because of its association with obesity, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an organic sulfur compound found in various plants and animals, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we aimed to assess the anti-obesity activity and autophagy-related mechanisms of Methylsulfonylmethane.

Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis Revealed Tissue-Specific Splicing Variations during the Generation of the PDX Model.

Tissue-specific gene expression generates fundamental differences in the function of each tissue and affects the characteristics of the tumors that are created as a result. However, it is unclear how much the tissue specificity is conserved during grafting of the primary tumor into an immune-compromised mouse model. Here, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of four different primary-patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors.

Origin and population structure of native dog breeds in the Korean peninsula and East Asia.

To study the ancestry and phylogenetic relationships of native Korean dog breeds to other Asian dog populations, we analyzed nucleotide variations in whole-genome sequences of 205 canid individuals. Sapsaree, Northern Chinese indigenous dog, and Tibetan Mastiff were largely related to West Eurasian ancestry. Jindo, Donggyeongi, Shiba, Southern Chinese indigenous (SCHI), Vietnamese indigenous dogs (VIET), and Indonesian indigenous dogs were related to Southeast and East Asian ancestry.

Boosting the interfacial superionic conduction of halide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.

Designing highly conductive and (electro)chemical stable inorganic solid electrolytes using cost-effective materials is crucial for developing all-solid-state batteries. Here, we report halide nanocomposite solid electrolytes (HNSEs) ZrO(-ACl)-AZrCl (A = Li or Na) that demonstrate improved ionic conductivities at 30 °C, from 0.40 to 1.

Real-world maintenance therapy and survival outcomes for pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed and platinum for non-small-cell lung cancer in USA.

To evaluate treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) in real world metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSQ-NSCLC) patients that received pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed-platinum (pembro+pem+plat) aligned with KEYNOTE-189. OS was evaluated for the overall cohort and maintenance therapy (MT) subgroups and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards model. Of 2488 patients that received first-line treatment, 45.

Verapamil-loaded supramolecular hydrogel patch attenuates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease via restoration of autophagic clearance of aggregated proteins and inhibition of NLRP3.

Background: Obesity, a serious threat to public health, is linked to chronic metabolic complications including insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Current obesity medications are challenged by poor effectiveness, poor patient compliance, and potential side effects. Verapamil is an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels, FDA-approved for the treatment of hypertension.

Active Targeting of Versatile Nanocomplex Using the Novel Biomarker of Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

Breast cancer in women is one of the most common life-threatening malignancies. Despite of the development for the improved treatment, there are still many limitations to overcome. Among them, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are well known for tumor formation, development, cellular heterogeneity, and cancer recurrence.

Pemetrexed and Platinum Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC by Tumor Burden at Baseline: A Post Hoc Efficacy Analysis of KEYNOTE-189.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pemetrexed and platinum plus pembrolizumab by baseline tumor burden.

Methods: A total of 616 patients in the intention-to-treat population of the KEYNOTE-189 study were included in this analysis. Baseline tumor burden subgroups were identified on the basis of extent of distant metastasis (M1a versus M1b), median number (≤3 versus >3) of organ systems with lesions, or symptom severity score of patient-reported lung cancer-associated symptoms (≤median versus >median).