First Implementation of Edge-Contacted α-InSe Ferroelectric Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors and their Application to Artificial Heterosynapse.

α-InSe, a 2D van der Waals ferroelectric semiconductor, is a promising channel for advanced nonvolatile memory devices such as ferroelectric semiconductor field-effect transistors (FeS-FETs). However, prior studies have largely overlooked the critical influence of source/drain (S/D) contact configurations on memory performance. Here, an edge-contact configuration is demonstrated for the first time in α-InSe FeS-FETs that mitigates strong Fermi-level pinning via 1D interface pinning dipoles and modulates the initial Schottky barrier height (SBH).

Microencapsulation system for scalable differentiation of peripheral motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Stem cell-derived neural cells hold great potential for treating neurological disorders, but clinical translation is limited by the need for scalable, consistent, and functionally robust production systems. To address these challenges, we developed a microfluidic alginate encapsulation chip (MAEC) system for the high-throughput production of mature peripheral motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Alginate was selected for its biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and calcium-triggered gelation, enabling precise size control.

Thalamic CGRP neurons define a spinothalamic pathway for affective pain.

Pain is both a sensory and emotional experience caused by various harmful stimuli. While numerous studies have explored peripheral and central pain mechanisms, the specific neural circuits linking the spinal cord to the brain remain poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrate the involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive neurons in the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus (SPFp) in pain.

Numerical dispersed flow simulation of fire-flake particle dynamics and its learning representation.

In this article, we propose methods for simulating the detailed flow of dispersed fire-flake particles in response to the movement of a flame, using chaotic advection and various buoyant flow techniques. Furthermore, we utilize these techniques to gather a synthetic dataset of detailed fire-flake particles and extend the solver to represent the movement of fire-flake particles based on learning-based approaches. Fire-flake particles not only exhibit unique and complex movements on their own, but they are also significantly influenced by the movement of the flame and the surrounding airflow.

Factors associated with hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission in a national prevention program.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) remains a global health concern, with over 90% of perinatal infections leading to chronic HBV. To evaluate long-term trends in MTCT rates and associated factors within Korea's national program.

Methods: Population-based cohort study using linked data from the Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program (PHBPP) and National Health Insurance Services in Korea.

Establishment of a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Cortex Organoid Model for Neurotoxicity Assessment.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived brain organoids have emerged as innovative models for drug screening and cytotoxicity evaluation. However, their inherent cellular heterogeneity presents challenges in isolating targeted neuronal populations, such as upper motor neurons, which are crucial for motor cortex function. In this study, we developed motor cortex-like organoids enriched with excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic neurons to assess neurotoxicity in the upper motor neurons-a key component of voluntary motor control.

From blue to red color wavelength complex modulation characteristics of liquid crystal on a metasurface device.

Full-color wavelength complex modulations are essential to usher in the era of holographic displays. Although metasurfaces have been developed for passive holograms, only a limited number of active metasurfaces capable of complex modulation in the visible wavelength range have been reported. In this study, we successfully optimized a liquid crystal on a metasurface device to achieve complex reflectivity modulation for the first time.

An in situ visualization system using synchrotron white X-rays to investigate the solidification behaviors of metallic materials.

An advanced imaging platform has been developed to study the microstructural solidification behaviors of metals using synchrotron white X-rays. This system provides submicrometre effective pixel size and a frame rate of thousands per second, enabling high-resolution and high-speed imaging. The system functions independently, facilitating convenient alignment, magnification adjustments, and precise control of the region of interest.

Impact of sedation levels on outcomes in neurocritical care patients with intracranial hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.

Sedation in neurointensive care is essential for managing patients with acute brain injuries. While sedation is commonly employed to alleviate stress responses and enhance patient comfort, the relationship between sedation practices and clinical outcomes remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records of patients with intracranial hemorrhage admitted to a tertiary care neurosurgical center from January 2020 to December 2023.

Scalable and rapid nearest neighbor particle search using adaptive disk sector.

In this paper, we propose a framework for efficiently accelerating Nearest Neighbor Particle (NNP) calculations in a movable particle-based system by leveraging the dynamic changes in disk sectors. The NNP region based on particles and disk sectors is determined by the following three conditions: 1) The position of the disk resides within the range of neighbor particles. 2) The position of a neighbor particle exists within a disk sector.

The lateralized LC-NAergic system distinguishes vicarious versus direct fear in mice.

Fear can be induced either directly through self-experience of aversive events or vicariously by observing conspecifics experiencing such events. The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NA) system is crucial in fear responses and cognitive processes. We investigated whether the LC-NA system differentially processes these two types of fear, direct and vicarious in male mice.

Cloning of nf-profilin and intercellular interaction with nf-actin in Naegleria fowleri cysts.

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba found in lakes, soil, hot springs, and poorly chlorinated swimming pools. It is pathogenic to humans, causing a rare and fatal brain infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). A previous study utilized RNA-seq analysis to examine genes expressed in N.

The Therapeutic Potential of Kiwi Extract as a Source of Cysteine Protease Inhibitors on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Mice and Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells.

The discovery of effective cysteine protease inhibitors with crude protein kiwi extracts (CPKEs) has created novel challenges and prospects for pharmaceutical development. Despite extensive research on CPKEs, limited research has been conducted on treating atopic dermatitis (AD). Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CPKEs on TNF-α activation in a HaCaT cell model and in a DNCB (1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene)-induced atopic dermatitis animal model.

Radiosurgery versus radiation therapy for long term local control rate of craniopharyngioma: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Craniopharyngiomas are challenging benign tumors arising from Rathke's pouch remnants, often requiring multidisciplinary management due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This meta-analysis systematically compares conventional radiation therapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) in treating residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas.

Method: A comprehensive literature search identified 44 studies, including 46 reports, meeting inclusion criteria such as progression-free survival (PFS) and post-radiotherapy complications.

Determinants of traditional Korean medicine utilization by individuals with physical disabilities: inference of causal relationships using Korea health panel data.

Background: The demand for health management services has grown among individuals with physical disabilities. It is noteworthy that a significant proportion of this demographic has sought the services of traditional Korean medicine (TKM). Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the characteristics of TKM utilization within this population.

Surgical and Neurointensive Management for Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) following high-energy trauma often leads to lasting neurologic deficits and severe socioeconomic impact. Effective neurointensive care, particularly in the early stages post-injury, is essential for optimizing outcomes. This review discusses the role of neurointensive care in managing SCI, emphasizing early assessment, stabilization, and intervention strategies based on recent evidence-based practices.

Enhancement of the Proton-Electron Coupling Effect by an Ionic Oxide-Based Proton Reservoir for High-Performance Artificial Synaptic Transistors.

Artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing have been increasingly highlighted, owing to their capacity to emulate brain activity. In particular, solid-state electrolyte-gated electrodes have garnered significant attention because they enable the simultaneous achievement of outstanding synaptic characteristics and mass productivity by adjusting proton migration. However, the inevitable interface traps restrict the protons at the channel-electrolyte interface, resulting in the deterioration of synaptic characteristics.

Delayed and recurrent surgical site infection from resorbed bone fragment after autologous cranioplasty: a case report.

Decompressive craniectomy is one of the most common procedures for managing severe traumatic brain injury. Cranioplasty plays a vital role in restoring the integrity of the skull and preventing complications that may arise after a decompressive craniectomy. This case report presents a 24-year-old woman who underwent cranioplasty with a cryopreserved autologous bone flap.

The early development of a combined micro- and full-field X-ray fluorescence analysis system using white X-rays at PLS-II.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is widely used to analyze elemental distributions in samples. Micro-XRF (µ-XRF), the most basic conventional XRF technique, offers good spatial resolution through precise 2D scanning with a micrometre-sized X-ray source. Recently, synchrotron based XRF analysis platforms have achieved nano-XRF with highly focused X-rays using polycapillary optics or mirrors, leveraging the excellent coherence of synchrotron radiation.

Understanding the pathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri in association with N. fowleri antigen-1 (Nfa1).

Naegleria fowleri, a brain-eating amoeba, thrives in lakes and rivers with aquatic vegetation and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. Most recently, it has become such a serious problem that N. fowleri was detected in tap water in Houston, USA.

Development of High-Aspect-Ratio Soft Magnetic Microarrays for Magneto-Mechanical Actuation via Field-Induced Injection Molding.

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are in demand in the field of high-tech microindustries and nanoindustries such as biomedical applications and soft robotics due to their exquisite magneto-sensitive response. Among various MRE applications, programmable actuators are emerging as promising soft robots because of their combined advantages of excellent flexibility and precise controllability in a magnetic system. Here, we present the development of magnetically programmable soft magnetic microarray actuators through field-induced injection molding using MREs, which consist of styrene-ethylene/butylene styrene (SEBS) elastomer and carbonyl iron powder (CIP).