Incidental appendiceal mucocele discovery: A case series and literature review.

Introduction: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) are rare entities that can present significant challenges when discovered incidentally by general surgeons during surgery or through postoperative pathology. These lesions may mimic common abdominal conditions and are often not suspected preoperatively.

Methods: We present a case series of five patients in whom appendiceal mucoceles were incidentally identified either intraoperatively or on postoperative pathological examination.

Sex differences in middle cerebral artery reactivity and hemodynamics independent from changes in systemic arterial stiffness in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The mechanisms of sex differences in cerebrovascular function are not well understood. In this study, we determined whether sex differences in middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity are accompanied with changes in cerebral or systemic arterial resistance and stiffness in young adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. No differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressures were observed between sexes.

A rare case of recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with weak hormone receptor positivity.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is an exceptionally rare malignancy, accounting for less than 0.1% of all breast cancers. Despite its favorable prognosis, optimal management remains undefined due to its rarity and lack of consensus guidelines.

A location-based anatomic classification system for acute pancreatic fluid collections: Roadmap for optimal intervention in the step-up era.

Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is a local complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis frequently requiring intervention. Treatment is typically through the coordinated efforts of a multidisciplinary team. Current management guidelines recommend a step-up approach beginning with minimally invasive techniques (percutaneous or transmural endoscopic drainage) followed by escalation to more invasive procedures if needed.

Molecular Characterization and Functional Study of Insulin-Like Androgenic Gland Hormone Gene in the Red Swamp Crayfish, .

The androgenic gland (AG) is a male-specific endocrine organ that controls the primary and secondary sexual characteristics in male crustaceans. More evidence indicates that the insulin-like androgenic gland hormone gene () is the key male sexual differentiation factor, particularly the application of RNA interference (RNAi) technology on . In this study, the full-length cDNA of (termed ) was isolated from the red swamp crayfish, .

KLF15 regulates endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism.

Hepatic metabolism and elimination of endobiotics (for example, steroids, bile acids) and xenobiotics (for example, drugs, toxins) is essential for health. While the enzymatic (termed phase I-II) and transport machinery (termed phase III) controlling endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism (EXM) is known, understanding of molecular nodal points that coordinate EXM function in physiology and disease remains incomplete. Here we show that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) regulates all three phases of the EXM system by direct and indirect pathways.

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine.

Intestinal resection is a common therapeutic approach for human diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and colon cancer that often results in severe short bowel syndrome-like adverse effects including bile acid diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and nutrient malabsorption. Here we introduce a murine ileal resection model, termed ileectomy, to evaluate tissue communication and the maintenance of systemic homeostasis. After ileal resection, circulating blood is permanently devoid of the ileum-specific endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), which releases its endocrinal inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver.