Improving Computer-aided Detection for Digital Breast Tomosynthesis by Incorporating Temporal Change.

Purpose To develop a deep learning algorithm that uses temporal information to improve the performance of a previously published framework of cancer lesion detection for digital breast tomosynthesis. Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed the current and the 1-year-prior Hologic digital breast tomosynthesis screening examinations from eight different institutions between 2016 and 2020. The dataset contained 973 cancer and 7123 noncancer cases.

Ipsilateral Lesion Detection Refinement for Tomosynthesis.

Computer-aided detection (CAD) frameworks for breast cancer screening have been researched for several decades. Early adoption of deep-learning models in CAD frameworks has shown greatly improved detection performance compared to traditional CAD on single-view images. Recently, studies have improved performance by merging information from multiple views within each screening exam.

Cataract Surgery Considerations for Diabetic Patients.

Purpose Of Review: Given the epidemiology and demographic trends of diabetes mellitus and cataracts, ophthalmologists are likely to encounter patients with both comorbidities at an increasing frequency. Patients with diabetes represent a higher risk population than healthy patients for cataract surgery. In this review, we discuss key risks and risk-mitigation practices when performing cataract surgery on these patients.

Orbital Varix Masquerading as an Intraorbital Lymphoma.

Clinical context was paramount to the diagnosis and management of a patient with periorbital pain and a history of systemic lymphoma.

A Case of Post-COVID-19-Associated Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy and Giant Cell Arteritis-Like Vasculitis.

A 47-year-old man with a history of COVID-19 infection 2 months before presentation, presented with a scotoma of the paracentral visual field of the right eye. After thorough testing and evaluation, a diagnosis of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) was established. Two months later, the patient developed temporal headache and jaw claudication.

Systemic and Ocular Comorbidities of Black, Hispanic, and White Women with Cataracts.

Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness in the world and disproportionately affect the elderly people and women. Sex- and race-related differences in cataract formation are not well understood. Furthermore, race and socioeconomic factors can play a role in developing systemic diseases.

Eyes of a Hurricane: The Effect of Hurricane Harvey on Ophthalmology Consultations at Houston's County Hospital.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize ophthalmology consultations ordered after Hurricane Harvey compared to consultations ordered during the same time period of the prior year.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at an urban, level 1 trauma center of a county hospital. All patients were included who received an electronic health record, documented ophthalmology consultation order between September 2017 and October 2017 (the time period immediately following Hurricane Harvey) or September 2016 and October 2016.

A virtual COVID-19 ophthalmology rotation.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic temporarily suspended medical student involvement in clinical rotations, resulting in the need to develop virtual clinical experiences. The cancellation of clinical ophthalmology electives and away rotations reduces opportunities for exposure to the field, to network with faculty, conduct research, and prepare for residency applications. We review the literature and discuss the impact and consequences of COVID-19 on undergraduate medical education with an emphasis on ophthalmic undergraduate medical education.

Process Mapping and Activity-Based Costing of the Intravitreal Injection Procedure.

Purpose/aim Of The Study: To quantify the cost of performing an intravitreal injection (IVI) utilizing activity-based costing (ABC), which allocates a cost to each resource involved in a manufacturing process.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was performed at an urban, multi-specialty ophthalmology practice affiliated with an academic institution. Fourteen patients scheduled for an IVI-only visit with a retina ophthalmologist were observed from clinic entry to exit to create a process map of time and resource utilization.

Efficacy of quality improvement and patient safety workshops for students: a pilot study.

Background: While the Association of American Medical Colleges encourages medical schools to incorporate quality improvement and patient safety (QI/PS) into their curriculum, medical students continue to have limited QI/PS exposure. To prepare medical students for careers that involve QI/PS, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement chapter at an allopathic medical school and school of allied health professions initiated self-directed learning by offering student-led workshops to equip learners with skills to improve the quality and safety of healthcare processes.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, workshops were hosted for medical students between 2015 and 2018 on five QI/PS topics: Process Mapping, Root-Cause Analysis (RCA), Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycles, Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), and Patient Handoffs.

Regional Comparison of Goblet Cell Number and Area in Exposed and Covered Dry Eyes and Their Correlation with Tear MUC5AC.

To compare goblet cell (GC) number and area in the covered superior (SB) versus exposed temporal (TB) bulbar conjunctiva in control versus aqueous tear deficient eyes (ATD) and evaluate correlation with tear MUC5AC protein. SB and TB impression cytology performed on control eyes, Sjögren syndrome (SS) ATD, and non-SS ATD was stained with period acid Schiff. GC number and area were measured with image analysis software.

Postoperative Horner Syndrome After Lung Transplantation.

Background: Horner syndrome arises from a disruption along the oculosympathetic efferent chain and can be caused by a variety of pathological and iatrogenic etiologies. We present 3 cases of postoperative Horner syndrome after bilateral lung transplantation.

Methods: The electronic health records of 3 patients with iatrogenic Horner syndrome after lung transplantation were examined, including notes from each patient's medical history, operative and postoperative records, and ophthalmology consultation results.

Bilateral central retinal/ophthalmic artery occlusion and near-complete ophthalmoplegia after bilateral lung transplant.

Purpose: Recognize a rare yet existing risk of severe visual loss as a postoperative complication of bilateral lung transplant.

Observations: A 62-year-old male had undergone bilateral lung transplant for end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema overlap syndrome. The operation was initially off-pump; however, during the left lung transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass conversion was necessary to maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability.

Vertebrobasilar ischemia (VBI) related neuro-ophthalmic syndromes after routine activities involving hyperextension or rotation of the neck (hairdresser syndrome).

Background: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) after rotation or hyperextension of the neck during otherwise routine activities is uncommon "hairdresser syndrome" (HDS). We report three such cases presenting with neuro-ophthalmic complaints (Horner syndrome, ophthalmoplegia, and transient vision loss).

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the electronic health records of three patients seen in the neuro-ophthalmology clinic of Houston Methodist Hospital with acute neuro-ophthalmological signs after neck hyperextension.

PAX3-FOXO1 drives miR-486-5p and represses miR-221 contributing to pathogenesis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood and histologically resembles developing skeletal muscle. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive subtype with a higher rate of metastasis and poorer prognosis. The majority of ARMS tumors (80%) harbor a PAX3-FOXO1 or less commonly a PAX7-FOXO1 fusion gene.

Biallelic Loss Mediated by Drives Angiosarcoma.

Angiosarcoma is an aggressive vascular sarcoma with an extremely poor prognosis. Because of the relative rarity of this disease, its molecular drivers and optimal treatment strategies are obscure. DICER1 is an RNase III endoribonuclease central to miRNA biogenesis, and germline mutations result in a cancer predisposition syndrome, associated with an increased risk of many tumor types.

Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits innate immune response in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Repeated hMPV infections occur throughout life. However, immune evasion mechanisms of hMPV infection are largely unknown.