Boot camp translation: A novel method to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake.

Background And Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is safe and highly effective, yet HPV vaccination uptake remains suboptimal, necessitating novel interventions. Our objective was to describe the impact of a novel method of community-based participatory research, Boot Camp Translation (BCT), on HPV vaccination uptake.

Methods: In a quasi-experimental matched-case-control study, we applied BCT to HPV-focused intervention programs for 9-17-year-olds in 6 pediatric clinics in 3 counties in Colorado from 6/2020 to 2/2021.

The Contribution of Cirrhosis Progression in Liver Dysfunction After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often have progressive liver dysfunction after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), but the relative contribution of direct radiation toxicity versus cirrhosis progression is unknown. Our goal was to estimate the proportion of post-SBRT deterioration in the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score that is due to cirrhosis progression versus radiation toxicity.

Methods And Materials: We first developed mixed-effects models to predict longitudinal ALBI trajectories among 6789 patients with cirrhosis within the University of Michigan system who did not have HCC.

Efficiency loss with binary pre-processing of continuous monitoring data.

In studies with a recurrent event outcome, events may be captured as counts during subsequent intervals or follow-up times either by design or for ease of analysis. In many cases, recurrent events may be further coarsened such that only an indicator of one or more events in an interval is observed at the follow-up time, resulting in a loss of information relative to a record of all events. In this paper, we examine efficiency loss when coarsening longitudinally observed counts to binary indicators and aspects of the design which impact the ability to estimate a treatment effect of interest.

Effect of targeting normoxemia on supplemental oxygen-free days for adults with acute thermal burns: A stepped wedge cluster randomized clinical trial.

Background: Supplemental oxygen is essential in caring for adults with acute thermal burns but can expose patients to excess inspired oxygen. We sought to determine the safety and effectiveness of targeting normoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2] 90-96%) in adults with acute thermal burns admitted to a specialized burn unit. We hypothesized that targeting normoxemia would increase the number of supplemental oxygen-free days (SOFDs) and safely reduce exposure to hyperoxemia.

Clinician Recommendation for Hereditary Genetic Testing in Participants at Increased Risk for Hereditary Cancer.

Despite clinical utility in managing hereditary cancers, genetic testing (GT) remains underutilized. While barriers include knowledge gaps and cost, clinician recommendation is a major driver of GT uptake, with rates varying by cancer type and family cancer history documentation. Adult participants (≥18 years) were recruited through multiple sources to complete a cancer family history survey for a larger intervention trial.

A Phase II Multicenter Trial of Trabectedin in Combination with Olaparib in Patients with Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Sarcoma.

Purpose: Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies with poor prognosis and limited systemic treatment options. We conducted a phase II study to assess the efficacy and safety of trabectedin and olaparib in patients with advanced disease.

Patients And Methods: Patients with soft-tissue sarcoma who received ≥1 prior therapy were recruited into two cohorts.

Targeted Normoxemia and Supplemental Oxygen-Free Days in Critically Injured Adults: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Supplemental oxygen is fundamental to caring for critically injured adults but can expose them to excess inspired oxygen.

Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of targeting normoxemia in critically ill trauma patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, stepped-wedge, cluster randomized clinical trial compared targeted normoxemia (defined as a peripheral oxygen saturation [Spo2] of 90% to 96%) with usual care among adult trauma patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at 8 level I trauma centers across the US.

Assessing the impact of workload and clinician experience on patient throughput: A multicenter study.

Background: Various strategies have attempted to address increased patient lengths of stay (LOS), but effectiveness varies. Factors related to work design and workforce experience may also play significant roles.

Objective: Utilizing data from the Discharge in the A.

Approximate maximum likelihood estimation in cure models using aggregated data, with application to HPV vaccine completion.

Research into vaccine hesitancy is a critical component of the public health enterprise, as rates of communicable diseases preventable by routine childhood immunization have been increasing in recent years. It is therefore important to estimate proportions of "never-vaccinators" in various subgroups of the population in order to successfully target interventions to improve childhood vaccination rates. However, due to privacy issues, it may be difficult to obtain individual patient data (IPD) needed to perform the appropriate time-to-event analyses: state-level immunization information services may only be willing to share aggregated data with researchers.

Insulin sensitivity, body composition and bone mineral density after testosterone treatment in transgender youth with and without prior GnRH agonist therapy.

Background: 1.8% of youth identify as transgender; a growing proportion are transgender male (female sex, male gender identity). Many receive gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy to suppress endogenous puberty and/or will start testosterone to induce secondary sex characteristics that align with gender identity.

The association of gender-affirming hormone therapy duration and body mass index on bone mineral density in gender diverse adults.

Introduction: Feminizing and masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (fGAHT, mGAHT) results in bone mineral density (BMD) maintenance or improvement over time in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults. Mostly European TGD studies have explored GAHT's impact on BMD, but the association of BMI and BMD in TGD adults deserves further study.

Objective: To determine whether GAHT duration or BMI are associated with BMD and Z-scores among TGD young adults.

Examining the Impact of Layperson Rescuer Gender on the Receipt of Bystander CPR for Women in Cardiac Arrest.

Background: Women who suffer a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) less often than men. To understand this phenomenon, we queried whether there are differences in deterrents to providing CPR based on the rescuer's gender.

Methods: Participants were surveyed using a national crowdsourcing platform.

A Phase II Trial of Pevonedistat and Docetaxel in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Postimmunotherapy (IO) treatment options for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain limited. Docetaxel alone or in combination with ramucirumab remains a standard of care, but response rates and survival benefit are suboptimal. Cullin-RING ligases (CRL) catalyze degradation of tumor suppressor proteins and are overactivated in NSCLC.

Provider Perceptions of Oxygenation Strategies for Critically Ill Trauma Patients With and Without Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Hypoxia and hyperoxia (pulse oximetry [SpO2] > 96%) are associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. However, provider practices regarding oxygenation in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are unknown. This study assesses views on oxygenation of critically ill trauma patients with and without TBI and how this varies between Neurological ICU (NeuroICU) and Surgical-Trauma ICU (STICU) providers.

Disparate Outcomes, Biologic and Therapeutic Differences in Pediatric versus Adult Patients with Ewing Sarcoma.

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a small blue round cell sarcoma affecting a wide age spectrum. Clinical advances predominately stem from pediatric research consortia clinical trials. In most series, adults have poorer outcomes when compared to children.

Community perceptions of vaccine advocacy for children under five in rural Guatemala.

Historically, partnerships with community leaders (e.g., religious leaders, teachers) have been critical to building vaccination confidence, but leaders may be increasingly vaccine hesitant.

Hyperoxia is associated with a greater risk for mortality in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients than in critically ill trauma patients without brain injury.

Objective: The role of hyperoxia in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the association between hyperoxia and mortality in critically ill TBI patients compared to critically ill trauma patients without TBI.

Design: Secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Discharge in the a.m.: A randomized controlled trial of physician rounding styles to improve hospital throughput and length of stay.

Background: To relieve hospital capacity strain, hospitals often encourage clinicians to prioritize early morning discharges which may have unintended consequences.

Objective: We aimed to test the effects of hospitalist physicians prioritizing discharging patients first compared to usual rounding style.

Design, Setting And Participants: Prospective, multi-center randomized controlled trial.

Using Administrative Billing Codes to Identify Acute Musculoskeletal Infections in Children.

Background And Objectives: Acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections (MSKI) are medical emergencies with the potential for life-altering complications in afflicted children. Leveraging administrative data to study pediatric MSKI is difficult as many infections are chronic, nonhematogenous, or occur in children with significant comorbidities. The objective of this study was to validate a case-finding algorithm to accurately identify children hospitalized with acute hematogenous MSKI using administrative billing codes.

IMAGINE: A Trial of Messaging Strategies for Social Needs Screening and Referral.

Introduction: Health-related social needs are associated with poor health outcomes. Many primary care practices now screen and refer patients with health-related social needs to assistance organizations, but some patients decline screening or assistance. Improving communication about health-related social needs screening and referral could increase screening response and assistance acceptance rates.

Parent Attitudes Towards Childhood Vaccines After the Onset of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.

Objective: To understand the influence of a novel infectious disease epidemic on parent general attitudes about childhood vaccines.

Methods: We conducted a natural experiment utilizing cross-sectional survey data from parents of infants in Washington and Colorado participating in a larger trial that began on September 27, 2019. At enrollment, parents completed the short version of the Parental Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV-SF), a validated survey scored from 0 to 4, with higher scores representing more negative attitudes.

Screening for chronic diseases: optimizing lead time through balancing prescribed frequency and individual adherence.

Screening for chronic diseases, such as cancer, is an important public health priority, but traditionally only the frequency or rate of screening has received attention. In this work, we study the importance of adhering to recommended screening policies and develop new methodology to better optimize screening policies when adherence is imperfect. We consider a progressive disease model with four states (healthy, undetectable preclinical, detectable preclinical, clinical), and overlay this with a stochastic screening-behavior model using the theory of renewal processes that allows us to capture imperfect adherence to screening programs in a transparent way.

Sex Differences in Presentation and Surgical Outcomes From a Prospective Multicenter Chronic Rhinosinusitis Study.

Objective: Despite extensive research into chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology, presentation, and outcomes, there is scant knowledge on sex-specific differences. The objective of this study was to identify differences between male and female patients with CRS in baseline disease severity at presentation, choice for surgery vs continued medical treatment, and postoperative response.

Study Design: We evaluated data on demographic and health characteristics, clinical objective disease measures, and sinus-specific and general health patient-reported outcome measures.