International Trends in Opioid Prescribing by Age and Sex from 2001 to 2019: An Observational Study Using Population-Based Databases from 18 Countries and One Special Administrative Region.

Objective: To characterize multinational trends and patterns of opioid analgesic prescribing by sex and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We studied opioid analgesic prescribing from 2001 to 2019 with common protocol using population-based databases from eighteen countries and one special administrative region.

Main Outcome Measures: We measured opioid prescribing by geographical region, sex and age, estimating annual prevalent, incident, and nonincident opioid prescribing per 100 population with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and meta-analyzed the multinational and regional opioid prescribing with a random-effects model.

Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in treatment-resistant or severe depression.

Background: Depression is associated with higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Whether patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or severe depression have an even higher risk is uncertain.

Methods: Patients 18-75 years old with a depressive episode in specialized psychiatric care were identified using national Swedish registers.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Medication use during pregnancy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, but evidence on its safety in pregnancy for foetal health is limited, with little attention to time-related biases in observational research.

Objective: To determine the association between ADHD medication use in early and late pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth.

Methods: This population-based cohort study utilised data from national registers, including records on births, prescription medications, specialist healthcare visits, hospitalisations and educational attainment, to account for relevant potential confounders.

Use of psychotropic medications among glioma patients in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Wales.

Purpose: Glioma patients often suffer from psychiatric and neurological conditions. However, little is known about the patterns of use of psychotropic drugs pre- and post-glioma diagnosis. Therefore, we assessed temporal patterns of psychotropic prescriptions among glioma patients, compared to an age and sex matched comparison cohort in four European countries.

Risk of Major Congenital Malformations Following Prenatal Exposure to Smoking Cessation Medicines.

Importance: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion are effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, but evidence on fetal safety is limited.

Objective: To assess whether prenatal use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies was associated with increased risks of major congenital malformations (MCMs).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted across 4 countries, and results were pooled via meta-analyses.

Corrigendum to Antipsychotic use during pregnancy and risk of specific neurodevelopmental disorders and learning difficulties in children: a multinational cohort study [eClinicalMedicine 70 (2024) 102531/DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102531].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Global Trends in Analgesic Opioid Use in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Pain is common during pregnancy, yet there are few contemporary studies of opioid use in pregnancy. This study aimed to describe prescription analgesic opioid use during pregnancy across four regions: Oceania (New South Wales, Australia, and New Zealand), North America (Ontario, Canada, and United States), Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and United Kingdom), and East Asia (Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan).

Methods: A common protocol was applied to population-based data to measure analgesic opioid dispensing or prescriptions during pregnancy before birth in 2000 to 2020.

Lithium Use During Pregnancy in 14 Countries.

Importance: In pregnancy, the benefits of lithium treatment for relapse prevention in psychiatric conditions must be weighed against potential teratogenic effects. Currently, there is a paucity of information on how and when lithium is used by pregnant women.

Objective: To examine lithium use in the perinatal period.

Association between inflammatory joint disease and severe or treatment-resistant depression: population-based cohort and case-control studies in Sweden.

Objective: To investigate whether the association between depression and inflammatory joint disease (IJD; rheumatoid arthritis [RA], psoriatic arthritis [PsA], ankylosing spondylitis/spondyloarthropathies [AS], and juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA]) is affected by the severity or treatment-resistance of depression.

Method: Parallel cohort studies and case-control studies among 600,404 patients with a depressive episode identified in Swedish nationwide administrative registers. Prospective and retrospective risk for IJD in patients with depression was compared to matched population comparators, and the same associations were investigated in severe or treatment-resistant depression.

Antipsychotic use during pregnancy and risk of specific neurodevelopmental disorders and learning difficulties in children: a multinational cohort study.

Background: Antipsychotics are commonly prescribed to treat a range of psychiatric conditions in women of reproductive age and during pregnancy, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate whether children exposed to antipsychotic medication prenatally are at increased risk of specific neurodevelopmental disorders and learning difficulties.

Methods: Our population-based cohort study used nationwide register data (1 January 2000-31 December 2020) on pregnant women diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder and their live-born singletons from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

Treatment patterns of antidepressants in children and adolescents in Scandinavia.

The aim of this study was to examine variations in use of antidepressants among children and adolescents in the three Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Norway, and Denmark). We identified new users of antidepressants (5-17 years) during 2007-2018 and described the annual incidence rate, treatment duration, concomitant psychotropic drug use, and the clinical setting of the prescribing physician (in Sweden and Denmark). Incident use of antidepressants increased by a factor 1.

Maternal diabetes and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring in a multinational cohort of 3.6 million mother-child pairs.

Previous studies report an association between maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often overlooking unmeasured confounders such as shared genetics and environmental factors. We therefore conducted a multinational cohort study with linked mother-child pairs data in Hong Kong, New Zealand, Taiwan, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden to evaluate associations between different MDM (any MDM, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM)) and ADHD using Cox proportional hazards regression. We included over 3.

Utilization of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been concerns over the mental health impact of COVID-19. This is a review of the utilization of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared on March the 11th 2020. A number of reports so far have been based on large prescription databases for administrative use at the national or regional level, but mainly in high-income countries.

Validation of diagnoses of liver disorders in users of systemic azole antifungal medication in Sweden.

Background: Liver disorders are important adverse effects associated with antifungal drug treatment. However, the accuracy of Clinical International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes in identifying liver disorders for register based research is not well-established. This study aimed to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the ICD-10 codes for identifying patients with toxic liver disease, hepatic failure, and jaundice among patients with systemic antifungal treatment.

Mental health from 5 years before to 10 years after bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity: a Swedish nationwide cohort study with matched population controls.

Background: The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on the mental health of adolescents with severe obesity remain uncertain. We aimed to describe the prevalence of psychiatric health-care visits and filled prescription psychiatric drugs among adolescents with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery in the 5 years preceding surgery and throughout the first 10 years after surgery, and to draw comparisons with matched adolescents in the general population.

Methods: Adolescents with severe obesity and who underwent bariatric surgery were identified through the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry.

The association between exposure to clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine and the outcomes perimyocarditis and heart failure: A population-based cohort study.

The risk of cardiac adverse events following clozapine use is debated and is unknown for the chemically related and widely used antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine. National Swedish registers were used to identify all patients 16-75 years old with antipsychotic dispensations between 2005 and 2018. The short-term outcome was a diagnosis of perimyocarditis (pericarditis and/or myocarditis) within two months of first dispensation, and the long-term outcome was heart failure (including cardiomyopathy) within three years.

Trajectories of ADHD medication use before, during, and after pregnancy: A population-based study from Norway and Sweden.

Purpose: To describe ADHD medication use trajectories around pregnancy in Norway and Sweden.

Methods: We identified pregnancies resulting in births using linked data from birth and prescribed drug registers of Norway (2006-2019, N = 813 107) and Sweden (2007-2018, N = 1 269 146). We restricted to women who filled prescriptions for ADHD medication during pregnancy or in the year before or after.

Response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: nationwide observational follow-up study.

Background: Previous studies have not investigated response rates after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with non-psychotic treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Aims: To assess and compare the response rate of ECT for patients with TRD and non-TRD, in a large and clinically representative patient sample.

Method: Patients aged ≥18 years, who were treated for a unipolar, non-psychotic depressive episode with at least one ECT session as part of a first-time, index ECT series between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017 were included from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT.