A plasmonic meta-rotary travelling-wave oscillator with ultrahigh phase accuracy and figure of merit.

High phase accuracy and figure of merit (FOM) of quadrature signals are essential for integrated systems, including quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) communications and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar. However, the traditional quadrature oscillators often struggle to meet the stringent requirements of high FOM and high quadrature phase accuracy simultaneously. To address this challenge, we propose a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) metawaveguide (Meta) to design on-chip rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO).

Beyond Solution Chemistry: Mechanochemistry Enables Clustered Defects in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Defects in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the unique properties arising from missing linkers and/or metal nodes. In this work, we introduce mechanochemistry as a de novo synthetic strategy for incorporating extrinsic defects into MOFs by employing symmetry-reduced or defective ligands. By systematically comparing defective MOFs prepared via mechanochemical and conventional solvothermal methods, we demonstrate that mechanochemical synthesis not only enables precise incorporation of defective ligands due to its rapid reaction but also promotes their spatial aggregation, leading to the formation of locally missing domains within the lattice.

Interspecific differences in nitrogen form acquisition strategies contribute to species dominance.

Plant's ability to use prevalent or less prevalent soil nitrogen (N) forms may affect their dominance within vegetation types, and these partitioning-driven changes in dominance may facilitate species co-existence. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear, particularly given the strong influence of altitude on soil N forms, which in turn affect plant N acquisition strategy. In this study, we first determined the effects of preference and plasticity in N form uptake on partitioning of soil N forms and species dominance, and then assessed the relative importance of these two N form use strategies for 19 dominant and non-dominant species in three vegetation types along an altitudinal gradient on Changbai Mountain, northeast China.

Decoupling of bacterial production and respiration in the surface water of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

Unlabelled: Heterotrophic bacterial production and respiration, two important contributors to carbon cycling, play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. However, recent research suggests that these two processes may be decoupled, and the underlying changes in community structure and their interactions remain unclear. In this study, two research expeditions to the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) during the summer and winter of 2020-2021 revealed seasonal shifts in bacterial metabolism and community structure in response to environmental factors.

Inorganic nitrogen and phytoplankton dynamics in a subtropical reservoir during low-flow winter periods: Implications for nitrogen management.

The dynamics of nutrient cycling in inland waters, particularly during algal blooms, play a critical role in shaping aquatic ecosystems. However, the interaction between phytoplankton and inorganic nitrogen during low-flow periods remains poorly understood. This study presents high-frequency monitoring of ammonium (NH-N), nitrate (NO-N), nitrite (NO-N) and phytoplankton communities in a subtropical river-type reservoir during the low-flow winter period, characterized by blooms dominated by cryptophytes and green algae.

Higher Nitrogen Uptakes Contribute to Growth Advantage of Invasive over Two Co-Occurring Natives Under Different Soil Nitrogen Forms and Concentrations.

High nitrogen (N) uptake is one of the main reasons for invasive alien plant invasions. However, little effort has been made to compare the effects of different N forms on N uptake between invasive and native plants, especially those on N form acquisition strategies (preference and plasticity), which influence N uptake, and thus exotic plant invasions. Related studies are particularly few in barren habitats, where the effects of N deposition on invasiveness are considered to be much weaker than in fertile habitats.

Application and significance of SIRVB model in analyzing COVID-19 dynamics.

In the summer of 2024, COVID-19 positive cases spiked in many countries, but it is no longer a deadly pandemic thanks to global herd immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 viruses. In our physical chemistry lab in spring 2024, students practice kinetic models, SIR (Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered) and SIRV (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered, Vaccinated) using COVID-19 positive cases and vaccination data from World Health Organization (WHO). In this report, we further introduce virus breakthrough to the existing model updating it the SIRVB (Susceptible, Infectious, Recovered, Vaccinated, Breakthrough) model.

Enhancing short-term algal bloom forecasting through an anti-mimicking hybrid deep learning method.

Accurately predicting algal blooms remains a critical challenge due to their dynamic and non-stationary nature, compounded by high-frequency fluctuations and noise in monitoring data. Additionally, a common issue in time-series forecasting is data replication, where models tend to replicate historical patterns rather than capturing true future variations, leading to inaccurate forecasts during abrupt changes. To address these challenges, we developed a hybrid deep learning model (TAB) that integrates a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), an attention mechanism, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network.

A critical overview of systematic reviews of radiofrequency ablation for knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: This overview aims to assess the methodological and evidence quality of systematic reviews related to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was conducted through two independent researchers in eight electronic databases from the inception to September 1, 2024. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed by the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 tool.

Higher Selective Targeting of Telomeric Multimeric G-quadruplex by Natural Product Berberine.

Introduction: G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-classical high-level structures that are formed by DNA/RNA sequences and have been a promising target for developing antitumor drugs. However, it is still a challenge to find a ligand that binds to a particular G4 with selectivity. Telomeric multimeric G4s are more accessible for screening for specific ligands due to their higher-order structure compared with telomeric monomeric G4s.

Risk factors for brain metastasis in lung cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Objectives: To conduct an umbrella review to extensively evaluate and summarise the evidence regarding the relationship between risk factors and the occurrence of brain metastasis in lung cancer.

Design: Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Data Sources: Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to 10 November 2024.

A critical overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis.

This study is to summarize and evaluate the available evidence for the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Eight databases were searched from inception to September 15, 2024. All systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) treated with PRP versus HA for KOA were collected.

Dimensional analysis of diffusive association rate equations.

Diffusive adsorption/association is a fundamental step in almost all chemical reactions in diluted solutions, such as organic synthesis, polymerization, self-assembly, biomolecular interactions, electrode dynamics, catalysis, chromatography, air and water environmental dynamics, and social and market dynamics. However, predicting the rate of such a reaction is challenging using the equations established over 100 years ago. Several orders of magnitude differences between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements for various systems, from self-assembled monolayers to protein-protein aggregations, make such calculations meaningless in many situations.

RHPS4 Targeted the G-Quadruplex of the Gene of to Inhibit Viral Proliferation.

Small molecules targeting G-quadruplexes (G4s) in viruses could inhibit viral proliferation. The 1a protein of (CMV) act as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that plays a crucial role in regulating the replication of CMV. In this study, four putative G4 sequences (CMV PQS1-PQS4) in the genetic coding region of CMV were identified, and three of them (PQS2, PQS3, and PQS4) were confirmed to fold into G4 structures.

Structured Stochastic Curve Fitting without Gradient Calculation.

Optimization of parameters and hyperparameters is a general process for any data analysis. Because not all models are mathematically well-behaved, stochastic optimization can be useful in many analyses by randomly choosing parameters in each optimization iteration. Many such algorithms have been reported and applied in chemistry data analysis, but the one reported here is interesting to check out, where a naïve algorithm searches each parameter sequentially and randomly in its bounds.