Effects of cottonseed powder and perilla oil on cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris in liquid culture.

Cordycepin is an important quality control component in Cordyceps militaris. As a result of its known biological activities, cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris has been extensively characterized in regards to potential medicinal applications. Therefore, optimized liquid culture conditions for enhanced cordycepin productivity have been developed, which are necessary steps for industrial applications.

Normalization-free displacement reconstruction method based on fringe scaling.

The knotty problems in the displacement reconstruction based on the self-mixing (SM) technique are the estimation of the self-mixing interferometry parameters and the normalization of SM signals (SMSs) since they are all very time-consuming and based on complex algorithms. This has an unfavorable effect on the real-time and low-cost natures of the SM displacement sensor. In the paper, we have presented a simple method of displacement retrieval with a high resolution, which does not require the parameter estimation and normalization.

Joint estimation of self-mixing interferometry parameters and displacement reconstruction based on local normalization.

It is not easy to estimate self-mixing interferometry parameters, namely, the optical feedback factor and the linewidth enhancement factor from the self-mixing signals (SMSs) affected by noise such as speckle. These SMSs call for normalization, which is not only difficult, but also apt to distort the intrinsic information of the signals, thereby resulting in incorrect estimation of the parameters and the displacement reconstruction. In this paper, we present what we believe is a novel normalization method we call "local normalization," which enables more exact and simpler estimation and displacement retrieval compared to previous methods, for it is based on an analytic relation instead of approximation.

Fast estimation method of feedback factor based on the derivative of the self-mixing signal.

The self-mixing (SM) technique has been a promising optical measurement technique for a few decades. The estimation of the optical feedback factor is the key to SM displacement measurement with a better resolution than half a wavelength. But this estimation is extremely complex and tricky, and thus leads to its time-consuming nature, which is one of the important causes that increases the cost and labor for the development of a self-mixing sensor.

Long-term Outcome of Selective Thoracic Fusion Using Rod Derotation and Direct Vertebral Rotation in the Treatment of Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: More Than 10-Year Follow-up Data.

Study Design: This was a retrospective comparative study.

Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes of selective thoracic fusion (STF) using both rod derotation (RD) and direct vertebral rotation (DVR) with pedicle screw instrumentation (PSI) in the treatment of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with a minimum 10-year follow-up.

Summary Of Background Data: Postoperative compensation and maintenance of the unfused lumbar curve after STF is very important factor for the satisfactory results in the treatment of thoracic AIS.

Pharmacological target therapy of neuropathic pain and patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain in Korea: Results from the NLBP Outcomes Research.

A number of studies have demonstrated an association of neuropathic pain and chronic low back pain (CLBP), but the outcome difference in each medical management is poorly understood. This study is aimed to investigate treatment patterns of neuropathic pain in CLBP patients and to explore patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including quality of life (QoL) and functional disability by treatment patterns.Data were extracted from the neuropathic low back pain (NLBP) outcomes research.

Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged-Release Oxycodone/Naloxone in Korean Patients with Chronic Pain from Spinal Disorders.

Background: A prolonged-release formulation of oxycodone/naloxone has been shown to be effective in European populations for the management of chronic moderate to severe pain. However, no clinical data exist for its use in Korean patients. The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone in Korean patients for management of chronic moderate-to-severe pain.

Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Korean Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain Resulting from Neuropathic Low Back Pain.

Study Design: A noninterventional, multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Purpose: We investigated the prevalence of neuropathic pain (NP) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of the quality of life (QoL) and functional disability in Korean adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Overview Of Literature: Among patients with CLBP, 20%-55% had NP.

Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Buprenorphine versus Oral Tramadol/Acetaminophen in Patients with Persistent Postoperative Pain after Spinal Surgery.

Purpose: Control of persistent pain following spinal surgery is an unmet clinical need. This study compared the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine transdermal system (BTDS) to oral tramadol/acetaminophen (TA) in Korean patients with persistent, moderate pain following spinal surgery.

Methods: Open-label, interventional, randomized multicenter study.

Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate quality of life (QOL) using the EuroQOL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) index and to examine factors affecting QOL in patients with an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

Methods: This ambispective study used a questionnaire interview. Patients over 50 years old with an OVCF at least 6 months previously were enrolled.

Fractional curve progression with maintenance of fusion mass in congenital scoliosis: An 18-year follow-up of a case report.

Rationale: The management of congenital scoliosis concentrates on early diagnosis and proper surgical treatment before the development of severe deformities. Decision making regarding the appropriate fusion levels, proper surgical treatment, and reduction amount of kyphoscoliosis is very important but difficult in the treatment of congenital scoliosis, especially in young children.

Patient Concerns: We report an 11-year follow-up of revision surgery for fractional curve progression after combined anterior and posterior fusion without hemivertebra resection using pedicle screw fixation (PSF) in congenital kyphoscoliosis at age 4 years (a total 18-year follow-up).

A Nationwide Retrospective Study of Opioid Management Patterns in 2,468 Patients with Spinal Pain in Korea.

Study Design: Retrospective patient data collection and investigator survey.

Purpose: To investigate patterns of opioid treatment for pain caused by spinal disorders in Korea.

Overview Of Literature: Opioid analgesic prescription and adequacy of consumption measures in Korea have markedly increased in the past decade, suggesting changing patterns in pain management practice; however, there is lack of integrated data specific to Korean population.

Revision surgery for curve progression after implant removal following posterior fusion only at a young age in the treatment of congenital scoliosis: A case report.

Rationale: Congenital scoliosis due to a hemivertebra creates a wedge-shaped deformity, which progresses and causes severe spinal deformities as an individual grows. The treatment of congenital scoliosis focuses on early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management before the development of severe deformity.

Patient Concerns: We report the case of a 4-year-old male child with a left thoracolumbar scoliosis of 27° (T10-T12) due to a T11 hemivertebra who was treated by posterior fusion and pedicle screw fixation at the age of 4 years.

Importance of Distal Fusion Level in Major Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated by Rod Derotation and Direct Vertebral Rotation Following Pedicle Screw Instrumentation.

Study Design: A retrospective comparative study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the exact distal fusion level in the treatment of major thoracolumbar and lumbar (TL/L) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using rod derotation (RD) and direct vertebral rotation (DVR) following pedicle screw instrumentation (PSI).

Summary Of Background Data: Proper determination of distal fusion level is a very important factor in deformity correction and preservation of motion segments in the treatment of major TL/L AIS.

Pediatric Posterior Vertebral Column Resection (PVCR): Before and After Ten Years of Age: Greater Than 10-Year Follow-Up.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) and its long-term effects on the deformity correction for congenital scoliosis in children less than 18 years of age.

Summary Of Background Data: There have been no reports on surgical outcomes that pertain to the timing of surgery for congenital scoliosis in children under age 18 years with long term follow-up.

Is pelvic incidence a constant, as everyone knows? Changes of pelvic incidence in surgically corrected adult sagittal deformity.

Purpose: Previous investigations have recognized the critical role of pelvic parameters in the setting of a fixed sagittal deformity. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a constant, as everyone knows. However, PI might change reciprocally because of increased shear force on the sacroiliac joint, following surgical correction of fixed lumbar lordosis (LL).

Congenital Kyphoscoliosis in Monozygotic Twins: Ten-Year Follow-up Treated by Posterior Vertebral Column Resection (PVCR): A Case Report.

The etiology of congenital scoliosis and its development remains unclear and has not yet been fully identified, even there are theories that congenital scoliosis could be derived from the failure of formation or failure of segmentation, which are etiologically heterogeneous with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contributing to their occurrence. We reported a case of long-term follow-up after posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) in both identical twins with similar congenital kyphoscoliosis at thoracolumbar levels. Twin I had been noticed by his parents to have asymmetry of his back at age 5 years, but no treatment was given.

Comparative study of the efficacy of limaprost and pregabalin as single agents and in combination for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

Background Context: Although the simultaneous management of neuronal ischemia-related pain and compression-demyelination-related neuropathic pain is considered optimal in treating lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), the effect of combination therapy with pregabalin and limaprost has not been elucidated.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of limaprost and pregabalin individually and in combination for the treatment of LSS.

Study Design: This is a prospective, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial.

Congenital scoliosis treated with posterior vertebral column resection in patients younger than 18 years: longer than 10-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE There have been no reports on the long-term radiographic outcomes of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) in patients with congenital scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications after PVCR and its long-term effects on correcting this deformity in children with congenital scoliosis. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 45 patients with congenital scoliosis who were younger than 18 years at the time of surgery and who underwent PVCR and fusion with pedicle screw fixation (PSF).

Prognostic Factors for Postsurgical Recovery of Deltoid Palsy due to Cervical Disc Herniations.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate prognostic factors affecting postsurgical recovery of deltoid palsy due to cervical disc herniation (CDH).

Overview Of Literature: Little information is available about prognostic factors affecting postsurgical recovery of deltoid palsy due to CDH.

Surgical outcomes by age at the time of surgery in the treatment of congenital scoliosis in children under age 10 years.

Background Context: There is little information regarding the surgical outcomes with regard to the timing of surgery in children under age 10 years for congenital scoliosis with a long-term follow-up.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes for congenital scoliosis in children 6 years or older but less than 10 years of age.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study.

Posterior hemivertebra resection and short segment fusion with pedicle screw fixation for congenital scoliosis in children younger than 10 years: greater than 7-year follow-up.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of posterior hemivertebra resection and short segment fusion with segmental pedicle screw fixation in congenital scoliosis in children younger than 10 years.

Summary Of Background Data: This is the first long-term follow-up on surgical outcomes of posterior hemivertebra resection and short segment fusion using segmental pedicle screw fixation in children younger than 10 years with congenital scoliosis.

Determination of the distal fusion level in the management of thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using pedicle screw instrumentation.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Purpose: To determine the exact distal fusion level in the management of thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (TL/L AIS) using pedicle screw instrumentation (PSI).

Overview Of Literature: The selection of distal fusion level remains controversial in TL/L AIS.

How to improve shoulder balance in the surgical correction of double thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Study Design: A retrospective comparative study.

Objective: To evaluate the shoulder balance resulting from the correction of double thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) comparing rod derotation (RD) with direct vertebral rotation (DVR) and RD only after pedicle screw instrumentations.

Summary Of Background Data: This is the first report on the effect of DVR on the shoulder balance using segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in the treatment of double thoracic AIS with minimum 5-year follow-up.