Genetically engineered Magnesium/Manganese nanoparticles for cancer radioimmunotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) has great potential on activating antitumor immunity for combination therapy, yet this effect is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the potential toxicity in immune cells from high-dose radiation. Herein, we developed engineered nanoparticles (NPs) (CVs@MgMn) composed of genetically edited cellular vesicles (CVs), MnO and MgCO for enhanced radioimmunotherapy by remolding TME and activating the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway. In the TME, the efficiently enriched CVs@MgMn were decomposed to generate hydroxyl (‧OH) and oxygen (O) for radiosensitization.

Inflammation-targeting and self-limited neutrophilic membrane-encapsulated teicoplanin for the treatment of infectious pneumonia.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia has a high clinical incidence and is associated with a significant mortality risk. The existence of intracellular pathogens and the infection-induced swarming of neutrophils exacerbate the challenges in treating pneumonia. Here, we addressed these issues by developing a platform based on neutrophilic membrane-camouflaged teicoplanin (Teic@NEV) to kill bacteria in tissue and prevent inflammatory lung injury associated with MRSA pneumonia.

Online and on-site teaching in Pedodontology.

Background: In the teaching of Pedodontology, the combining of online and on-site teaching is becoming more and more widely used. This study aims to evaluate its impact on students' academic performance and satisfaction, attempting to discover potential teaching innovations.

Methods: Undergraduate students majoring in Stomatology, a five-year program of Fujian Medical University, were selected as the research subjects.

Rh(II) and Chiral Phosphoric Acid Co-catalyzed Selective O-H Insertions for Stereodivergent -Alkylation of Glycosides.

Carbohydrates are synthetically challenging molecules with essential biological functions in all living systems. The selective synthesis and modification of carbohydrates are crucial for investigating their biological functions. Controlling chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity is a central theme in carbohydrate synthesis.

A chimeric peptide promotes immune surveillance of senescent cells in injury, fibrosis, tumorigenesis and aging.

The accumulation of senescent cells can lead to tissue degeneration, chronic inflammatory disease and age-related tumorigenesis. Interventions such as senolytics are currently limited by off-target toxicity, which could be circumvented by instead enhancing immune-mediated senescent cell clearance; however, immune surveillance of senescent cells is often impeded by immunosuppressive factors in the inflammatory microenvironment. Here, we employ a chimeric peptide as a 'matchmaker' to bind to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, a cell surface marker of senescent cells.

Photoredox-Catalyzed Multicomponent α-Sulfonylation of Terminal Alkynes.

A generality-oriented and adaptive α-sulfonylation of alkynes via photoinduced multicomponent radical cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with sulfinates and a variety of alcohols, thiophenols, or selenophenols has been explored. This protocol features mild conditions, good functional group tolerability, broad substrate scope, excellent chemo-, site-, and stereoselectivity, and applicability to late-stage functionalization. It provides a modular platform for the synthesis of value-added structurally diverse α-sulfonyl-containing multisubstituted alkenes from simple precursors.

Genetically engineered cellular nanoparticles loaded with curcuminoids for cancer immunotherapy.

Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy to enhance immune responses for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, but the lack of a simple and effective platform to integrate ICD and ICB therapy limits their clinical application. Here, we developed programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)-overexpressing genetically engineered nanovesicles (NVs)-coated curcumin (Cur)-loaded poly (lactic-co-poly-polyglycolic acid) nanoparticles (PD1@Cur-PLGA) to integrate ICD and ICB therapy for enhancing tumor immunotherapy. Genetically engineered NVs greatly enhanced the tumor targeting of nanoparticles, and the PD1 on NVs dramatically blocked the PD1/PDL1 signaling pathway and stimulated antitumor immune responses.

An Approach for Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of -Disubstituted []Paracyclophanes.

Atroposelective synthesis of -disubstituted []paracyclophanes is a difficult task in organic chemistry. We describe a facile approach for the synthesis of -disubstituted []paracyclophanes using Pd-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination and sequential reductive cleavage. A wide range of []paracyclophanes was obtained with excellent enantioselectivity.

Rational Design of Untranslated Regions to Enhance Gene Expression.

How to improve gene expression by optimizing mRNA structures is a crucial question for various medical and biotechnological applications. Previous efforts focus largely on investigation of the 5' UTR hairpin structures. In this study, we present a rational strategy that enhances mRNA stability and translation by engineering both the 5' and 3' UTR sequences.

Engineered Cellular Vesicles Displaying Glycosylated Nanobodies for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis represents an alluring avenue for cancer immunotherapy. However, the compromised efficacy and safety concerns in vivo of conventional anti-CD47 antibodies impede their wide clinical applications. Here we introduced a single type of high-mannose glycans into the nanobody against CD47 (HM-nCD47) and subsequently displayed HM-nCD47 on cellular vesicles (CVs) for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Synthesis of Highly Substituted Furans via Intermolecular Enynone-Aldehyde Cross-Coupling/Cyclization Catalyzed by -Heterocyclic Carbenes.

A new strategy for facile access to multifunctionalized furans via -heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cross-coupling/cyclization of ynenones with aldehydes has been explored. This protocol features readily obtainable starting materials, mild and metal-free conditions, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, excellent yields, and easy scale-up. Synthetic utility of the protocol has been further corroborated through functionalization of complex substrates and postmodifications of the product.

Tea polyphenol-engineered hybrid cellular nanovesicles for cancer immunotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a crucial and effective strategy for prostate cancer, while systemic administration may cause profound side effects on normal tissues. More importantly, the ADT can easily lead to resistance by involving the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and high infiltration of M2 macrophages in tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanotherapeutic platform by deriving cell membrane nanovesicles from cancer cells and probiotics to yield the hybrid cellular nanovesicles (hNVs), loading flutamide (Flu) into the resulting hNVs, and finally modifying the hNVs@Flu with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG).

Acid-base transformative HADLA micelles alleviate colitis by restoring adaptive immunity and gut microbiome.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a worldwide public health issue with an increasing number of patients annually. However, there is no curative drug for IBD, and the present medication for IBD generally focuses on suppressing hyperactive immune responses, which can only delay disease progression but inevitably induce off-target side effects, including infections and cancers. Herein, late-model orally administered nanotherapeutic micelles (HADLA) were developed based on a conjugate of hyaluronic acid (HA) and dehydrolithocholic acid (DLA), which was simple to achieve and obtained satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in a murine colitis model with a full safety profile.

Targeted glycan degradation potentiates cellular immunotherapy for solid tumors.

Immune cell-based cancer therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell immunotherapy, have demonstrated impressive potency against hematological tumors. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells against solid tumors remains limited. Herein, we designed tumor-targeting molecule-sialidase conjugates that potently and selectively stripped different sialoglycans from a variety of cancer cells.

Dynamic Kinetic Stereoselective Glycosylation via Rh and Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Cocatalyzed Carbenoid Insertion to the Anomeric OH Bond for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates.

Chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates is essential for studying the biological functions of carbohydrates. We herein report an efficient approach for the stereoselective synthesis of challenging α-linked glycoconjugates via a Rh /chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-cocatalyzed dynamic kinetic anomeric O-alkylation of sugar-derived lactols via carbenoid insertion to the anomeric OH bond. Notably, we observed excellent anomeric selectivity, excellent diastereoselectivity, broad substrate scope, and high efficiency for this glycosylation reaction by exploring various parameters of the cocatalytic system.

Soil enzyme activities, soil physical properties, photosynthetic physical characteristics and water use of winter wheat after long-term straw mulch and organic fertilizer application.

Introduction: Inappropriate residue and nutrient management leads to soil degradation and the decline of soil quality and water storage capacity.

Methods: An ongoing field experiment has been conducted since 2011 to investigate the effects of straw mulching (SM), and straw mulching combined with organic fertilizer (SM+O), on winter wheat yield, including a control treatment (CK, no straw). We studied the effects of these treatments on soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon, soil enzyme activity in 2019, photosynthetic parameters, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and yields over five consecutive years (2015-2019).

Chemoimmunological Cascade Cancer Therapy Using Fluorine Assembly Nanomedicine.

Classical chemotherapeutic drugs may cause immunogenic cell death (ICD), followed by activating CD8 T cells to promote cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. However, CD8 T cells become exhausted due to tumor antigens' continuous stimulation, creating a major obstacle to effectively suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we develop an approach of chemo-gene combinational nanomedicine to bridge and reprogram chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Effect of long term application of super absorbent polymer on soil structure, soil enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics, water and nitrogen use of winter wheat.

Introduction: Water scarcity and seasonal drought are major constraints on agricultural development globally. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) is a good amendment that can improve soil structure, increase soil water retention, and promote crop growth even with less soil moisture. We hypothesize that long term application of SAP has a better effect on soil organic carbon, soil enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and water and nitrogen use than short term application.

The synthesis of a nanodrug using metal-based nanozymes conjugated with ginsenoside Rg3 for pancreatic cancer therapy.

Nanozymes have limited applications in clinical practice due to issues relating to their safety, stability, biocompatibility, and relatively low catalytic activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) . Herein, we report a synergistic enhancement strategy involving the conjugation of metal-based nanozymes (Fe@FeO) with natural bioactive organic molecules (ginsenoside Rg3) to establish a new nanodrug. Importantly, this metal-organic nanocomposite drug ensured the stability and biosafety of the nanozyme cores and the cellular uptake efficiency of the whole nanodrug entity.

Dynamic ginsenoside-sheltered nanocatalysts for safe ferroptosis-apoptosis combined therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT)-activated apoptosis is a potential anticancer strategy. However, CDT encounters a bottleneck in clinical translation due to its serious side effects and low efficacy. Here, we first reveal that surface engineering of ginsenoside Rg3 dramatically alters the organ distribution and tumor enrichment of systematically administered nanocatalysts using the orthotopic pancreatic tumor model while avoiding toxicity and increasing efficacy in vivo to address the key and universal toxicity problems encountered in nanomedicine.

Virus Dynamics and Decay in Evaporating Human Saliva Droplets on Fomites.

The transmission of most respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, occurs via virus-containing respiratory droplets, and thus, factors that affect virus viability in droplet residues on surfaces are of critical medical and public health importance. Relative humidity (RH) is known to play a role in virus survival, with a U-shaped relationship between RH and virus viability. The mechanisms affecting virus viability in droplet residues, however, are unclear.

Impact of Combining Long-Term Subsoiling and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Water Use of Winter Wheat.

Reductions in soil productivity and soil water retention capacity, and water scarcity during crop growth, may occur due to long-term suboptimal tillage and fertilization practices. Therefore, the application of appropriate tillage (subsoiling) and fertilization (organic fertilizer) practices is important for improving soil structure, water conservation and soil productivity. We hypothesize that subsoiling tillage combined with organic fertilizer has a better effect than subsoiling or organic fertilizer alone.

Tacrolimus Loaded Cationic Liposomes for Dry Eye Treatment.

Eye drops are ophthalmic formulations routinely used to treat dry eye. However, the low ocular bioavailability is an obvious drawback of eye drops owing to short ocular retention time and weak permeability of the cornea. Herein, to improve the ocular bioavailability of eye drops, a cationic liposome eye drop was constructed and used to treat dry eye.

General Strategy for the Synthesis of Rare Sugars via Ru(II)-Catalyzed and Boron-Mediated Selective Epimerization of 1,2--Diols to 1,2--Diols.

Human glycans are primarily composed of nine common sugar building blocks. On the other hand, several hundred monosaccharides have been discovered in bacteria and most of them are not readily available. The ability to access these rare sugars and the corresponding glycoconjugates can facilitate the studies of various fundamentally important biological processes in bacteria, including interactions between microbiota and the human host.

Prussian Blue/Calcium Peroxide Nanocomposites-Mediated Tumor Cell Iron Mineralization for Treatment of Experimental Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Current lung cancer diagnosis methods encounter delayed visual confirmation of tumor foci and low-resolution metrics in imaging findings, which delays the early treatment of tumors. Here, we developed a potent lung cancer imaging and treatment strategy centered around a nanotransformational concept of tumor iron mineralization , which employs Prussian blue/calcium peroxide nanocomposites as a precursor. The resultant iron mineralization in tumor cells greatly facilitates the early and differential diagnosis of lung carcinoma from benign nodules via medical imaging, meanwhile introducing oxidative stress to activate the cellular apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, resulting in inhibition of the malignant behavior of tumor cells.